scholarly journals Hydrological Simulation for Karst Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Central Guizhou Province

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinmao Zhao ◽  
Weihong Liao ◽  
Xiaohui Lei
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Karst Development ◽  
Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Xin’Anjiang Model

A groundwater model is needed to describe the complex groundwater confluence process of the groundwater system in karst areas. This is because surface water flows through dolines, grikes, and by other means and is directly exchanged with the groundwater. In this study, using the Xin’anjiang model, the conversion of surface water into groundwater and the influence of multiple series-parallel underground reservoirs on groundwater confluence through the generalization of dolines in karst areas were simulated. The water cycle process in the Sancha River Basin was simulated with measured data using multiobjective particle swarm optimization. Then, model parameters were validated with measured runoff data and compared with simulation results obtained using the traditional Xin’anjiang model based on its optimal parameters. The results showed that the determination coefficients of all hydrological stations over the study period were >0.76, and the Nash efficiency coefficient was >0.76, which were better than those for the improved Xin’anjiang model. Next, the simulation accuracy of the flood period in the karst area was analyzed. The model achieved a high fitting rate for the main flood peaks in a year, and the passing rate for the worst hydrological stations was 53%. Finally, the influence of karst development on the runoff was examined. The results indicate that different karst development stages and the heterogeneity of the karst in the basin have different effects on runoff.

scholarly journals Karst Development Mechanism and Characteristics Based on Comprehensive Exploration along Jinan Metro, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangqu Sun ◽  
Liping Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shaoshuai Shi ◽  
Shuguang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Karst Development ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province and is famous for its spring water. Water conservation has become the consensus of Jinan citizens and the government and the community. The construction of metro engineering in Jinan has lagged behind other cities of the same scale for a long time. The key issue is the protection of spring water. When metro lines are constructed in Jinan karst area, the water-inrushing, quicksand, and piping hazards can easily occur, which can change the groundwater seepage environment and reduce spring discharge. Therefore, we try to reveal the development conditions, mechanism, and mode of karst area in Jinan. In addition, we propose the comprehensive optimizing method of “shallow-deep” and “region-target” suitable for exploration of karst areas along Jinan metro, and systematically study the development characteristics of the karst areas along Jinan metro, thus providing the basis for the shield tunnel to go through karst areas safely and protecting the springs in Jinan.

scholarly journals Variation of Leaf Carbon Isotope in Plants in Different Lithological Habitats in a Karst Area

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Jun Zou ◽  
Lifei Yu ◽  
Zongsheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Δ13c Value ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Limestone Soil

Drought is the major factor that limits vegetation recovery in rocky desertification areas. The leaf carbon isotope (δ13C) value is related to plant water-use efficiency (WUE) and is of great significance in revealing the WUE characteristics of species in karst areas. Measurements of the δ13C value in plant leaves and the nutrient and water contents of lithologic soils were obtained for six woody species (cypress, Cupressus funebris Endl.; mansur shrub, Coriaria nepalensis Wall.; camphor, Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.; birch, Betula luminifera H. Winkl.; alder, Alnus cremastogyne Burk. and dyetree, Platycarya longipes Wu.) planted in three different lithologic soil types (dolomite, dolomite sandstone, limestone) in the karst area of Guizhou Province. The results showed that C. funebris in the dolomite sandstone soil had the highest δ13C value (−27.19‰), whereas C. bodinieri in the limestone soil had the lowest δ13C value (−31.50‰). In terms of lithology, the average leaf δ13C values were −28.66‰ (dolomitic sandstone), −28.83‰ (dolomite), and −29.46‰ (limestone). The δ13C values of C. funebris and A. cremastogyne were significantly lower in the limestone soil than in the dolomite and dolomite sandstone soil, indicating that the WUE of some tree species is affected by soil conditions under different lithological development processes. Moreover, the relationship between the δ13C value in the leaves and the comprehensive soil conditions varied among the species, and the δ13C value was negatively correlated with the soil water content in all three soil types. Our study provides basic data on the composition characteristics of the δ13C value of tree species, which is beneficial for the selection of tree species for vegetation restoration and afforestation in karst areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of water resource security in karst area of Guizhou Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Water Resource Security ◽  
Resource Security

AbstractThis paper presents the assessment of water resource security in the Guizhou karst area, China. A mean impact value and back-propagation (MIV-BP) neural network was used to understand the influencing factors. Thirty-one indices involving five aspects, the water quality subsystem, water quantity subsystem, engineering water shortage subsystem, water resource vulnerability subsystem, and water resource carrying capacity subsystem, were selected to establish an evaluation index of water resource security. In addition, a genetic algorithm and back-propagation (GA-BP) neural network was constructed to assess the water resource security of Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2015. The results show that water resource security in Guizhou was at a moderate warning level from 2001 to 2006 and a critical safety level from 2007 to 2015, except in 2011 when a moderate warning level was reached. For protection and management of water resources in a karst area, the modes of development and utilization of water resources must be thoroughly understood, along with the impact of engineering water shortage. These results are a meaningful contribution to regional ecological restoration and socio-economic development and can promote better practices for future planning.

scholarly journals Mechanisms linking active rock glaciers and impounded surface water formation in high-mountain areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Colombo ◽  
Luigi Sambuelli ◽  
Cesare Comina ◽  
Chiara Colombero ◽  
Marco Giardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Rock Glaciers

scholarly journals Explicitly Analyze the Soil Erosion in the Karst and Non-Karst Area of Different Morphological Types in Guizhou of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjun Lan ◽  
Zemeng Fan ◽  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Xuyang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Change Intensity ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Abstract How to explicitly understanding the soil erosion intensity change in different geomorphological types is one of key issues in the field of soil and water conservation. According to classification criterion of soil erosion intensity of China, the spatial soil erosion data with the resolution of 10 m×10m in Guizhou Province were obtained by combing with the multi-resolution remote sensing data of ALOS, ZY-3, GF-1, Landsat and GDEMV2, and 2762 field sampling data in 2010 and 2015, respectively. a spatial analysis model of soil erosion was improved to analyze the spatiotemporal change of soil erosion intensity in karst and non karst area of Guizhou province, which involved the spatial soil erosion data and different geomorphological type data of Guizhou province. The results show that the soil erosion intensity decreased by 6468.13km 2 in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2015. The dynamic change intensity in the high-altitude area is larger than in the low-altitude area. The soil change intensity in karst area is higher than in non karst area, especially in the high and middle elevation area in Guizhou province. Moreover, the decreasing ratio of soil erosion intensity in karst area is generally larger than in non karst area, which can be used to explain that the ecological restoration projects and water soil conservation polices carried out in karst area has a good effect, especially in western of Guizhou province from 2010 to 2015, one the other hand, the soil erosion in non karst area should also be focused by local government in the future.

scholarly journals Allosorex stenodus Fejfar, 1966 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): re-description of type material and re-interpretation of its fossil record

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Oldřich Fejfar ◽  
Wighart v. Koenigswald ◽  
Martin Sabol
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Enamel Microstructure ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Taxonomical Status

The original fossil record of Allosorex stenodus Fejfar, 1966 from Ivanovce (late Ruscinian, MN 15b) is redescribed and supplemented by the description of so far unpublished fossil remains, including upper dentition (P4 and M3) and a humerus fragment as well as the enamel microstructure analysis of m2. Based on the critical evaluation of other fossil remains from sites in Romania, Hungary, and France, the Ivanovce fossils are so far the only unquestionable recorded finds of A. stenodus in Europe, which can be considered as a local early Pliocene (MN 15) endemic species. Its occurrence is connected with the forested karst area along a broad valley of “pre-Váh” River, ecologically and climatically resembling the environment of modern karst areas in south-eastern Asia. Based on enamel microstructure analysis and unique mandible and dentition morphological characters, a separate taxonomical status of the species is also discussed.

Aster jiangkouensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Guizhou, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
XIONG LI ◽  
LEI WU ◽  
XUN-LIN YU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lanceolate Leaf

Aster jiangkouensis (Asteraceae), a new species from karst areas of southwestern Wuling Mountain, Guizhou province, China, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to A. huangpingensis, but differs from the latter in having inconspicuously triplinerved leaves, ovate to oblong-lanceolate leaf blades, cylindric-campanulate involucre. A line drawing, photographic image and preliminary conservation status of the new species are provided.

scholarly journals Farmland Parcel Mapping in Mountain Areas Using Time-Series SAR Data and VHR Optical Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3733
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jiancheng Luo ◽  
Zhifeng Wu ◽  
Jingdong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Time Series Classification ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Sar Data

Accurate, timely, and reliable farmland mapping is a prerequisite for agricultural management and environmental assessment in mountainous areas. However, in these areas, high spatial heterogeneity and diversified planting structures together generate various small farmland parcels with irregular shapes that are difficult to accurately delineate. In addition, the absence of optical data caused by the cloudy and rainy climate impedes the use of time-series optical data to distinguish farmland from other land use types. Automatic delineation of farmland parcels in mountain areas is still a very difficult task. This paper proposes an innovative precise farmland parcel extraction approach supported by very high resolution(VHR) optical image and time series synthetic aperture radar(SAR) data. Firstly, Google satellite imagery with a spatial resolution of 0.55 m was used for delineating the boundaries of ground parcel objects in mountainous areas by a hierarchical extraction scheme. This scheme divides farmland into four types based on the morphological features presented in optical imagery, and designs different extraction models to produce each farmland type, respectively. The potential farmland parcel distribution map is then obtained by the layered recombination of these four farmland types. Subsequently, the time profile of each parcel in this map was constructed by five radar variables from the Sentinel-1A dataset, and the time-series classification method was used to distinguish farmland parcels from other types. An experiment was carried out in the north of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The result shows that, the producer’s accuracy of farmland parcels obtained by the hierarchical scheme is increased by 7.39% to 96.38% compared with that without this scheme, and the time-series classification method produces an accuracy of 80.83% to further obtain the final overall accuracy of 96.05% for the farmland parcel maps, showing a good performance. In addition, through visual inspection, this method has a better suppression effect on background noise in mountainous areas, and the extracted farmland parcels are closer to the actual distribution of the ground farmland.

scholarly journals A physically-based parsimonious hydrological model for flash floods in Mediterranean catchments

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2567-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Roux ◽  
D. Labat ◽  
P.-A. Garambois ◽  
M.-M. Maubourguet ◽  
J. Chorda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A spatially distributed hydrological model, dedicated to flood simulation, is developed on the basis of physical process representation (infiltration, overland flow, channel routing). Estimation of model parameters requires data concerning topography, soil properties, vegetation and land use. Four parameters are calibrated for the entire catchment using one flood event. Model sensitivity to individual parameters is assessed using Monte-Carlo simulations. Results of this sensitivity analysis with a criterion based on the Nash efficiency coefficient and the error of peak time and runoff are used to calibrate the model. This procedure is tested on the Gardon d'Anduze catchment, located in the Mediterranean zone of southern France. A first validation is conducted using three flood events with different hydrometeorological characteristics. This sensitivity analysis along with validation tests illustrates the predictive capability of the model and points out the possible improvements on the model's structure and parameterization for flash flood forecasting, especially in ungauged basins. Concerning the model structure, results show that water transfer through the subsurface zone also contributes to the hydrograph response to an extreme event, especially during the recession period. Maps of soil saturation emphasize the impact of rainfall and soil properties variability on these dynamics. Adding a subsurface flow component in the simulation also greatly impacts the spatial distribution of soil saturation and shows the importance of the drainage network. Measures of such distributed variables would help discriminating between different possible model structures.

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