scholarly journals Constructing the Ecological Security Pattern for Sponge City: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rencai Dong ◽  
Xueqi Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Security Pattern ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Water Problems

Waterlogging is becoming a severe and universal phenomenon in China, so the construction of sponge cities is proposed to address urban water problems abiding by the overall principles of ecological priority and low-impact development. The ecological security pattern (ESP) is an effective way to balance rapid urbanization and ecological protection. Taking Zhengzhou as an example, this study, performed a geographic information system (GIS) modeling, which constructed a targeted ESP for the construction of a sponge city based on comprehensive analysis of multi-factor water ecological sensitivity. Compared to previous studies of ESP, some improvements were made in the identification method of ecological sources, corridors, and nodes. By analyzing the ESP, the study divided the whole city into different construction zone. Through different protection and planning strategies for these areas, the integration and connectivity of the ecological sources can be improved, and thus, urban ecological security can be improved. The ESP for sponge city is a relatively more systematic and scientific way to guide the construction of a sponge city, and can be used for reference to other cities in the process of sponge city construction.

scholarly journals The Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern in the Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Guo ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Mengran Liu ◽  
Mengshi Huang ◽  
Luigi Stendardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Least Cost Path ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Security Pattern

Urban agglomerations have become a new geographical unit in China, breaking the administrative fortresses between cities, which means that the population and economic activities between cities will become more intensive in the future. Constructing and optimizing the ecological security pattern of urban agglomerations is important for promoting harmonious social-economic development and ecological protection. Using the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration as a case study, we have identified ecological sources based on the evaluation of ecosystem functions. Based on the resistance surface modified by nighttime light (NTL) data, the potential ecological corridors were identified using the least-cost path method, and key ecological corridors were extracted using the gravity model. By combining 15 ecological sources, 119 corridors, 3 buffer zones, and 77 ecological nodes, the ecological security pattern (ESP) was constructed. The main land-use types composed of ecological sources and corridors are forest land, cultivated land, grassland, and water areas. Some ecological sources are occupied by construction, while unused land has the potential for ecological development. The ecological corridors in the central region are distributed circularly and extend to southeast side in the form of tree branches with the Songhua River as the central axis. Finally, this study proposes an optimizing pattern with "four belts, four zones, one axis, nine corridors, ten clusters and multi-centers" to provide decision makers with spatial strategies with respect to the conflicts between urban development and ecological protection during rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals Remotely Sensed Ecological Protection Redline and Security Pattern Construction: A Comparative Analysis of Pingtan (China) and Durban (South Africa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2865
Author(s):  
Qixin Lin ◽  
Ahmed Eladawy ◽  
Jinming Sha ◽  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Security Pattern

The unprecedented regional urbanization has brought great pressure on the ecological environment. Building an ecological security pattern and guide regional land and space development is an important technique to ensure regional ecological security and stability to achieve sustainable development. In this study, the Pingtan Island of China and the Durban city of South Africa were chosen as case study area for a comparative study of different scales. The importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity were evaluated, respectively. The core area of landscape which is vital for ecological function maintenance was extracted by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity analysis. Furthermore, the ecological sources were determined by combining the results of ecological protection redline delimitation and core area landscape extraction. The potential ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the ecological security pattern of study areas was constructed. The results showed that the ecological protection redline areas of Pingtan and Durban were 42.78 km2 and 389.07 km2, respectively, which were mainly distributed in mountainous areas with good habitat quality. Pingtan ecological security pattern is composed of 15 ecological sources, 16 ecological corridors, 10 stepping stone patches and 15 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 112.23 km, which is radially distributed in the form of “one ring, three belts”. The ecological security pattern of Durban is composed of 15 ecological sources, 17 ecological corridors, 11 stepping stone patches and 18 ecological obstacle points. The total length of corridors is 274.25 km, which is radially distributed in the form of “two rings and three belts”. The research results can provide an important reference for the land space construction planning and ecological restoration projects in Pingtan and Durban.

scholarly journals Construction of ecological security pattern based on the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity assessment: a case study in Fengxian County of Jiangsu Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-590
Author(s):  
Xingxing Jin ◽  
Luyao Wei ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yuqi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Surface ◽  
Ecological Resistance ◽  
Security Pattern

AbstractThe construction of ecological security pattern is one of the important ways to alleviate the contradiction between economic development and ecological protection, as well as the important contents of ecological civilization construction. How to scientifically construct the ecological security pattern of small-scale counties, and achieve sustainable economic development based on ecological environment protection, it has become an important proposition in regulating the ecological process effectively. Taking Fengxian County of China as an example, this paper selected the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity to evaluate the ecological importance and identify ecological sources. Furthermore, we constructed the ecological resistance surface by various landscape assignments and nighttime lighting modifications. Through a minimum cumulative resistance model, we obtained ecological corridors and finally constructed the ecological security pattern comprehensively combining with ecological resistance surface construction. Accordingly, we further clarified the specific control measures for ecological security barriers and regional functional zoning. This case study shows that the ecological security pattern is composed of ecological sources and corridors, where the former plays an important security role, and the latter ensures the continuity of ecological functions. In terms of the spatial layout, the ecological security barriers built based on ecological security pattern and regional zoning functions are away from the urban core development area. As for the spatial distribution, ecological sources of Fengxian County are mainly located in the central and southwestern areas, which is highly coincident with the main rivers and underground drinking water source area. Moreover, key corridors and main corridors with length of approximately 115.71 km and 26.22 km, respectively, formed ecological corridors of Fengxian County. They are concentrated in the western and southwestern regions of the county which is far away from the built-up areas with strong human disturbance. The results will provide scientific evidence for important ecological land protection and ecological space control at a small scale in underdeveloped and plain counties. In addition, it will enrich the theoretical framework and methodological system of ecological security pattern construction. To some extent, it also makes a reference for improving the regional ecological environment carrying capacities and optimizing the ecological spatial structure in such kinds of underdeveloped small-scale counties.

scholarly journals Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffiths ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Michelle Shao ◽  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
David Laurence Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

scholarly journals Ecological Security Pattern Construction in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Hotspots of Multiple Ecosystem Services

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Jinfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Security Pattern ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The contradiction between urban expansion and ecological protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH) is increasingly acute, which has become one of the main problems restricting regional development, and sustainable development of ecosystem services is the key to increasing human well-being. Based on GIS platform and multiple models, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of four key ecosystem services (water conservation, soil conservation, habitat quality, and plant net primary productivity) in different ecological regions of BTH in recent 20 years, quantifies the impact of different climate factors and land use change on ecosystem services (ESs), and discusses the primary ecosystem hotspots and ecological security pattern. The results showed that the interannual variation of water conservation (WC) and plant net primary productivity (NPP) increased from 2000 to 2020, while the change of soil conservation (SC) was not obvious, which was mainly controlled by climate factors, WC and SC were more affected by precipitation, and temperature was the key factor affecting NPP. Habitat quality (HQ) presented a significant downward trend; it was mainly attributed to the deterioration of ecological environment caused by accelerated urbanization expansion. According to hotspot analysis, it could be found that WC was the fastest-growing ecosystem service function in BTH, and NPP would become the factor with the greatest contribution to ecological importance in the future. The important protected areas and main ecological sources of ecological security pattern were mainly distributed in Yanshan-Taihang mountain area, which was consistent with the key areas of ecosystem services. In this study, the temporal and spatial differences of ecosystem service in BTH were demonstrated in a more intuitive way and provided scientific guidance for decision makers to formulate effective ecological protection policies in different regions.

scholarly journals Sponge city construction in China: policy and implementation experiences

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Xiang ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Shao ◽  
Chao Mei ◽  
Jinjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Abstract To deal with the three universal urban water problems – namely storm floods, water pollution and water shortage – China has implemented a comprehensive solution: the Sponge City Construction Project. Sponge cities aim to reduce runoff and pollution, and also to restore downstream ecologies. They combine low impact development methods with grey infrastructures, large-scale flood control projects and rehabilitation. This paper describes Chinese experiences of construction and financing for implementation of sponge cities, which could provide references to other countries for building sustainable, climate-resilient cities and urban water management systems. It illustrates the objectives and methods of the sponge city design and demonstrates the differences in configuration and funding structures in cities of different climates and economic conditions. The total construction area involved in the pilot cities covers 449 km2. The configurations are distinct due to different economic conditions, climates and land forms: a humid district inclines to drainage-efficient approaches and pollution control devices, while a semi-humid district prefers green infrastructures and rainwater reuse facilities. The Chinese government plays an important role in the funding of sponge cities: Chinese central government provided CNY (¥)20.7 billion for the construction of 16 cities during 2015–2017, while the rest came from local governments and non-governmental investors.

scholarly journals Development of a Heterogeneity Analysis Framework for Collaborative Sponge City Management

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Shou Dong ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Guang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
City Management ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
City Construction

Rapid urbanization, inappropriate urban planning and the changing climate in many countries have resulted in flooding, water shortage and water pollution around the world. Although the sponge city concept has been applied in both macro-scales and micro-scales to address those challenges, research on the heterogeneity of different cities for sponge city construction and the collaborative management between cities is insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a multivariate cluster analysis framework and conducts an empirical study using 96 Chinese cities. By considering the local infrastructure, economic development, water resource distribution, water quality and precipitation characteristics in each city, and integrating the principal component analysis and a self-organizing feature mapping network, this paper shows the potential of regional and interregional sponge city collaborative management. This will provide an opportunity for developing a new sponge city management mechanism and will promote the establishment of multi-functional departments for urban flood control and water quality improvement.

scholarly journals Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern Based on Spatial Syntax Classification—Taking Ningbo, China, as an Example

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Chaoyue Yu ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Hanchu Du ◽  
Caisi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Security Patterns ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Resistance Surface ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Security Pattern

Urbanization is the development trend of all countries in the world, but it has caused considerable ecological problems that need to be alleviated by building ecological security patterns. This study took Ningbo as an example to construct and optimize an ecological security pattern. We analyzed land use types, normalized difference vegetation index, and landscape connectivity for ecological sources selection. In constructing the resistance surface, we considered natural and socio-economic factors. On this basis, we identified ecological corridors based on a minimum cumulative resistance model. Finally, the ecological security pattern was optimized through space syntax. Results showed that Ningbo has 18 ecological sources, with an area of 3051.27 km2 and 29 ecological corridors, with a length of 1172.18 km. Among them, 11 are first-level, 10 are second-level, and 8 are third-level corridors. After optimization, the area and protection cost of the ecological security pattern were significantly reduced, which can effectively alleviate the trade-off between ecological protection and economic development. This research can provide a reference for the construction and optimization of ecological security patterns and has reference significance for ecological protection in rapidly urbanized areas.

scholarly journals The Construction of Regional Ecological Security Pattern Based on a Multi-Factor Comprehensive Model and Circuit Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Yu ◽  
Y.Z. Wang ◽  
Z. Liang ◽  
C.K. Min
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Theory ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Ecological Security ◽  
Landscape Resistance ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Ecological Sensitivity ◽  
Ecological Corridors ◽  
Resistance Surface ◽  
Security Pattern ◽  
Ecological Conservation

Various ecological problems have become increasingly prominent due to the accelerated growth of urbanization. Ecological security and ecological conservation have become an important topics in the current scenario. This study took southern Anhui as an example, constructing comprehensive assessment models to conduct source identification from three perspectives, i.e. ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity and residents’ ecological needs. Landscape resistance surface was built based on the reciprocal of habitat quality and night-time light data. According to the circuit theory, the ecological process in the heterogeneous landscape was simulated to identify ecological corridors, extract pinch points and divide barriers that need improvement, thereby to construct the southern Anhui ecological security pattern (ESP). The pattern comprised 20 ecological sources, 37 ecological corridors, 9 pinch points and 2 levels of improvement areas. Specifically, ecological sources were mainly distributed within the area of Huangshan city and Xuancheng city, mostly covered with trees; ecological corridors were mostly located in the northern part of the research area; pinch points were mainly farmland or beside construction land; the primary improvement area was mainly in Chaohu city and Maanshan city, while the secondary improvement area was distributed around the primary area. The study discussed the diversified improvement strategies of different barriers and introduced the optimization scheme “one centre, two wings, one belt”, providing planning advice for decision-makers. The study expanded the construction of regional ESP, and partly guided the steady development of ESP of southern Anhui.

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