scholarly journals At-Site Assessment of a Regional Design Criterium for Water-Demand Peak Factor Evaluation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Balacco ◽  
Andrea Gioia ◽  
Vito Iacobellis ◽  
Alberto Piccinni
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Peak Factor ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Regional Design

In this study an analysis of the water supply variability for three towns in Puglia (Southern Italy), Roccaforzata, Palagianello and Palagiano, was carried out, based on time series continuously recorded over two years. The towns’ population ranges between 1800 and 16,000 inhabitants and the flow data, collected with time steps of 10 min, are referred to drinking water in an urban environment. The frequency analysis was conducted on the hourly and instantaneous peak factors and confirmed that the Gumbel distribution is able to represent the stochastic behavior of the peak water demand. A physically based formulation of the distribution parameters was exploited in order to investigate the regional distribution of the peak factor for towns with a different population.

Wastewater reuse in Italy

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
S. Indelicato
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
Italian Legislation

In many parts of Italy, particularly in the South, it has become ever more difficult to meet the water demand. The recent years of drought and the constant increase of water demand for the civil sector have made irrigation supply more problematic. Wastewater reuse could represent a viable solution to meet water demand. The focus of this paper is on the regulation problems, hampering the development of wastewater reuse for irrigation, and on the potentials for reuse, particularly in Southern Italy. Planned exploitation of municipal wastewater could help meeting the irrigation water demand particularly in Southern Italy, where farmers have been practising uncontrolled wastewater reuse for a long time. In Northern and Central Italy, where available water resources generally meet water needs for different purposes, wastewater reuse could play an important role in controlling the pollution of water bodies. Despite the fact that Italian legislation is extremely strict and outdated, for several years in some regions, such as Sicily, wastewater reuse systems have been in operation; furthermore, several projects of wastewater reuse are currently in progress.

scholarly journals Investigation of Peak Water Consumption Variability at Local Scale in Puglia (Southern Italy)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Balacco ◽  
Antonio Carbonara ◽  
Andrea Gioia ◽  
Vito Iacobellis ◽  
Alberto Ferruccio Piccinni
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Flow Data

In this study an analysis of the water supply variability for three towns in Puglia (Southern Italy), Roccaforzata, Palagianello and Palagiano was carried out, based on a time series continuously recorded over three years. The towns’ population ranges between 1800 and 16,000 inhabitants and the flow data, collected with time steps of 10 min, are referred to drinking water in urban environment. In particular the frequency analysis on the series of daily maximum hourly peak coefficients, calculated using the observed dataset, was conducted in order to assess the stochastic behavior of the hourly peak water demand at local scale.

scholarly journals Araneae.it: the online Catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other Arachnid Orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pantini ◽  
Marco Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Online Catalog ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Xix Century

In this contribution we present the Catalog of Italian spiders, produced on the base of the available scientific information regarding spider species distribution in Italy. We analysed an amount of 1124 references, resulting in a list of 1670 species and subspecies, grouped in 434 genera and 53 families. Information on spider biodiversity in Italy has increased rapidly in the last years, going from 404 species at the end of XIX century, to 1400 in the 1990s, to the current 1670. However, the knowledge on the distribution of the Italian species is far from being complete and it seems likely that there are still new species to be found or described. The Italian spider fauna is characterized by the presence of a relevant number of endemic species (342). Concerning families, Linyphiidae show the highest number of species (477) and the highest number of endemics (114). Gnaphosidae (166) and Salticidae (144) follows in terms of species richness, while Dysderidae (72) and Agelenidae (38) follows as total number of endemics. Information regarding the regional distribution revealed great unbalance between Northern and Southern Italy, with very scarce records for some regions in the South. This work is accompanied by an online version freely available online at www.araneae.it, where all information is thoroughly detailed and regularly updated by the authors. Besides spiders, we also provide, the species lists of other Arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). The lists and the associated details are available in a dedicated section of the online version of the Catalog.

scholarly journals Probability Distribution of Cross-sectional radius of Corroded Steel Bars in Concrete and Its application

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
LI Chongkai ◽  
ZHANG Weiping ◽  
GU Xianglin ◽  
HUANG Qinghua
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
The Cross

The impress current method is applied to acquire corroded steel bars embedded in concrete, and three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning techniques are applied on corroded steel bars to obtain the cross-sectional radius of corroded steel bars. Statistical analysis shows that with the increase of corrosion degree, the variation of radius of corroded steel bars increases linearly. For different types of steel bars, plain round steel bars have a larger sensitivity to corrosion than ribbed ones. Original radius of steel bars and mixture proportion of concrete have negligible effect on the variability of radius of corroded steel bars. A normal distribution model is obtained to describe radius data of corroded steel bars. For the convenience of practical application, the indicator, R, which is the ratio of the average to the minimum cross-sectional areas of corroded steel bars, is introduced to quantify the longitudinal variation of the cross-sectional areas. By using Monte-Carlo simulation, the indicator, R, of corroded steel bars are achieved based on the probability distribution of radius. The indicator R can be fitted well by the Gumbel distribution, and the distribution parameters increase linearly with the increases of corrosion degree.

Spatial Aggregation Effect on Water Demand Peak Factor

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Giudice ◽  
Cristiana Di Cristo ◽  
Roberta Padulano
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Spatial Aggregation ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Peak Factor ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Time Aggregation

A methodological framework for the estimation of the expected value of hourly peak water demand factor and its dependence on the spatial aggregation level is presented. The proposed methodology is based on the analysis of volumetric water meter measurements with a 1-h time aggregation, preferred by water companies for monitoring purposes. Using a peculiar sampling design, both a theoretical and an empirical estimation of the expected value of the peak factor and of the related standard error (confidence bands) are obtained as a function of the number of aggregated households (or equivalently of the number of users). The proposed methodology accounts for the cross-correlation among consumption time series describing local water demand behaviours. The effects of considering a finite population is also discussed. The framework is tested on a pilot District Metering Area with more than 1000 households equipped with a telemetry system with 1-h time aggregation. Results show that the peak factor can be expressed as a power function tending to an asymptotic value greater than one for the increasing number of aggregated households. The obtained peak values, compared with several literature studies, provide useful indications for the design and management of secondary branched pipes of water distribution systems.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 Spread on Water Drinking Demand: The Case of Puglia Region (Southern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Balacco ◽  
Vincenzo Totaro ◽  
Vito Iacobellis ◽  
Alessandro Manni ◽  
Mauro Spagnoletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Demand Pattern ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Influent Factors ◽  
National Governments

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of millions of people, radically changing their habits in just a few days. In many countries, containment measures prescribed by national governments restricted the movements of entire communities, with the impossibility of attending schools, universities, workplaces, and no longer allowing for traveling or leading a normal social life. People were then compelled to revise their habits and lifestyles. In such a situation, the availability of drinking water plays a crucial role in ensuring adequate health conditions for people and tackling the spread of the pandemic. Lifestyle of the population, climate, water scarcity and water price are influent factors on water drinking demand and its daily pattern. To analyze the effect of restriction measures on water demand, the instantaneous flow data of five Apulian towns (Italy) during the lockdown have been analyzed highlighting the important role of users’ habits and the not negligible effect of commuters on the water demand pattern besides daily volume requested.

Estimation of Gumbel Distribution Parameters by Joint Distribution of m Extremes

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Joint Distribution ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Joint Distribution Function ◽  
Distribution Parameters

The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of Gumbel distribution have been derived by using the joint distribution function of m extremes of several samples. The variance-covariance of the estimates have also been calculated for different values of m to have an idea of gain in precision of the estimates by using the joint information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document