scholarly journals Araneae.it: the online Catalog of Italian spiders, with addenda on other Arachnid Orders occurring in Italy (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Pantini ◽  
Marco Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Online Catalog ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Xix Century

In this contribution we present the Catalog of Italian spiders, produced on the base of the available scientific information regarding spider species distribution in Italy. We analysed an amount of 1124 references, resulting in a list of 1670 species and subspecies, grouped in 434 genera and 53 families. Information on spider biodiversity in Italy has increased rapidly in the last years, going from 404 species at the end of XIX century, to 1400 in the 1990s, to the current 1670. However, the knowledge on the distribution of the Italian species is far from being complete and it seems likely that there are still new species to be found or described. The Italian spider fauna is characterized by the presence of a relevant number of endemic species (342). Concerning families, Linyphiidae show the highest number of species (477) and the highest number of endemics (114). Gnaphosidae (166) and Salticidae (144) follows in terms of species richness, while Dysderidae (72) and Agelenidae (38) follows as total number of endemics. Information regarding the regional distribution revealed great unbalance between Northern and Southern Italy, with very scarce records for some regions in the South. This work is accompanied by an online version freely available online at www.araneae.it, where all information is thoroughly detailed and regularly updated by the authors. Besides spiders, we also provide, the species lists of other Arachnid orders occurring in Italy (Opiliones, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpionida, Scorpiones, Solifugae). The lists and the associated details are available in a dedicated section of the online version of the Catalog.

scholarly journals Getting the Most From Surveys: How Method Selection and Method Modification Impact Butterfly Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C Kral-O’Brien ◽  
Adrienne K Antonsen ◽  
Torre J Hovick ◽  
Ryan F Limb ◽  
Jason P Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Abstract Many methods are used to survey butterfly populations, with line transect and area surveys being prominent. Observers are typically limited to search within 5 or 10 m from the line, while observers are unrestricted in larger specified search regions in area surveys. Although methods differ slightly, the selection is often based on producing defendable data for conservation, maximizing data quality, and minimizing effort. To guide method selection, we compared butterfly surveys using 1) line versus area methods and 2) varying width transects (5 m, 10 m, or unrestricted) using count data from surveys in North Dakota from 2015 to 2018. Between line and area surveys, we detected more individuals with area surveys, even when accounting for effort. However, both methods accumulated new species at similar rates. When comparing transect methodology, we detected nearly 60% more individuals and nine more species when transect width increased from 5 m to unrestricted, despite similar effort across methodology. Overall, we found line surveys slightly less efficient at detecting individuals, but they collected similar species richness to area surveys when accounting for effort. Additionally, line surveys allow the use of unrestricted-width transects with distance sampling procedures, which were more effective at detecting species and individuals while providing a means to correct count data over the same transect length. Methods that reduce effort and accurately depict communities are especially important for conservation when long-term datasets are unavailable.

scholarly journals A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4927 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO BALLARIN ◽  
TAKESHI YAMASAKI ◽  
YONG-CHAO SU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Orchid Island ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Representatives of some poorly known spider species collected in the rainforest litter of the Orchid Island (Taiwan) are illustrated and discussed here. A new species, Brignoliella tao sp. nov. (Fam. Tetrablemmidae), endemic to Orchid Island, is described based on both sexes. The previously unknown female of Theridiosoma triumphale Zhao & Li, 2012 (Fam. Theridiosomatidae), is described for the first time. Zoma taiwanica (Zhang, Zhu & Tso 2006) comb. nov., from the same family, is illustrated and its transfer from the genus Theridiosoma O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1879 to Zoma Saaristo, 1996 is proposed on the basis of morphological characters. Habitus and genitalia of the endemic species Gongylidioides angustus Tu & Li, 2006 (Fam. Linyphiidae) are also illustrated. 

Conura baturitei sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): a hyperparasitoid of spiders through Zatypota riverai (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO TEIXEIRA TAVARES ◽  
GERMAN ANTONIO VILLANUEVA-BONILLA ◽  
JOBER FERNANDO SOBCZAK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Unusual Association ◽  
Group A

Conura, the largest genus of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), is mostly distributed in the New World where 295 of the 301 described species occur. Chalcididae are in some cases hyperparasitoids of insects. In this study, we report the unusual association of the hyperparasitoid Conura baturitei sp. nov. with spider species of the genus Theridion Walckenaer (Theridiidae) through Zatypota riverai Gauld (Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae, Polysphincta genus-group), a primary ectoparasitoid of spiders. The new species is described and illustrated, and the host-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid interaction is discussed. 

Palm house – biodiversity hotspot or risk of invasion? Aquatic invertebrates: The special case of Monogononta (Rotifera) under greenhouse conditions

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kolicka ◽  
Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba ◽  
Krzysztof Zawierucha ◽  
Natalia Kuczyńska–Kippen ◽  
Lech Kotwicki
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Mesocyclops Leuckarti ◽  
Euchlanis Dilatata ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Stable Populations

AbstractGreenhouses form favourable conditions for establishing stable populations of native as well as invasive alien microinvertebrates. Investigations of palm houses have a long tradition and native, alien and new species for science have been found in many of them. The examined pond and some microreservoirs in Bromeliaceae and Agavoideae in Pozna´n Palm House (Poland) sampled in 2012, appeared to contain representatives of Rotifera (64 species), Copepoda (2 species), Polychaeta, Acari and Insecta larvae. The most abundant Rotifera species were: Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse, 1851, Ascomorpha ecaudis Perty 1850, Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg, 1832, Pompholyx sulcata Hudson, 1885 and Trichocerca rousseleti Voight, 1902. Moreover, rotifers considered to be rare in Poland, i.e., Asplanchna herricki De Guerne, 1888, Collotheca pelagica Rousselet, 1893, Colurella sulcata Stenroos, 1898, Gastropus minor Rousselet, 1892 were also detected in Pozna´n Palm House. Two recorded Copepoda species were Phyllognathopus viguieri (Maupas, 1892) found in agave microreservoirs and Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857) found in reservoir with aquatic plants. For biodiversity evaluation of rotifers Margalef’s and Shannon-Wiener’s indexes were used and in order to determine species richness the Simpson index was calculated. Additionally, a complete list of all aquatic invertebrates is presented, i.e., Plathelmintes (11 species), Nemeretea (2 species), Oligochatea (13 taxa), Polychaeta (7 species), Gastrotricha (13 taxa) and Copepoda (1 species) previously recorded in Pozna´n Palm House. To sum up, Palm houses create a convenient habitat for a prevalence of native and introduced invertebrates and are a putative source of alien species, possibly facilitating their release to the environment.

Hyporheic ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Texas (USA) with six new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5046 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
OKAN KÜLKÖYLÜOĞLU ◽  
BENJAMIN T. HUTCHINS ◽  
MEHMET YAVUZATMACA ◽  
BENJAMIN F. SCHWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
New Records ◽  
First Record ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Soft Body ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Ostracod Species

Between 2015 and 2017, 58 ostracod taxa were collected at 30 locations in 111 samples from the hyporheic zone of surface streams in Texas, U.S.A. Six new species (Bradleycypris foresteri n. sp., Bradleystrandesia macula n. sp., Pseudocandona lordi n. sp., Indocandona rusti n. sp., Stenocypris sancari n. sp., Cyclocypris dalyana n. sp.) are described based on carapace and soft body parts. Additionally, 17 species and two genera (Vestalenula and Indocandona) are presented as new records for Texas, and Indocandona rusti n. sp. is the first record of the genus outside India. Taxonomic positions of the new species are discussed along with ecological information. One-hundred and six nonmarine ostracod species are now reported from Texas. However, ongoing studies suggest that actual species richness is much higher.  

scholarly journals The effect of fragmentation on spider richness (Arachnida: Araneae) in montane semideciduous seasonal forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Eduardo Vilas Boas Júnior ◽  
Amanda Da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Magalhães De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Fragmentation Process ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Environmental Functions

The fragmentation process that has altered natural environments has been widely discussed, as it causes changes in communities and compromises different environmental functions. In this sense, this study was based on the evaluation of fragmentation on araneofauna of semideciduous seasonal forest fragments, phytophysiognomy belonging to the Atlantic Forest. The study was conducted in three fragments in the municipality of Inconfidentes, southern Minas Gerais, from April 2014 to March 2015. The results showed that there is a similarity in the composition of spider species among the sampled fragments and that the size of the fragment is positively correlated with species richness. Our data show that smaller fragments must be preserved and that agricultural areas maintain the integrity of adjacent forest areas to benefit from the predation dynamics that spiders exert on pests that affect plantations.

scholarly journals Distribution of birds in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Vélez ◽  
Edwin Tamayo ◽  
Fernando Ayerbe-Quiñones ◽  
Julián Torres ◽  
Juan Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

1. Colombia with 1941 known recorded bird species is one of the most species rich countries in the world. Efforts are necessary to conserve, study and promote sustainable use of this important taxonomic group throughout Colombia’s vast territory. 2. In an ideal world, informed decisions that are based on sound scientific information should be likelier to have successful outcomes. Nevertheless, there are barriers that make it difficult to access and use information in a timely fashion. Those same barriers impede the study, conservation and sustainable use of bird species in Colombia. On the other hand, given that there is good documentation about the ecology of a large number of species, information about the distribution of birds can be easily incorporated into decision-making processes, once this information becomes readily available in a consumable format using Geographic Information Sciences tools. 3. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to present the first compilation of the current distribution of 1889 (97%) species of birds in Colombia, using expert criteria. The shapefiles were used to show the distribution and diversity of bird species in Colombia under both geopolitical and conservation geographic units. 4. The information provided in this paper can be used as a baseline for a huge number of initiatives that aim to strengthen conservation efforts and improve knowledge about one the most unique taxonomic groups in the country. These range from land use planning strategies at the municipal or department scale to sustainable use of bird species - such as those initiatives related to bird watching - in Colombia. This study has considered three key aspects: 1) the importance of birds for Colombia’s ecosystems, 2) the privileged place of Colombia in bird species richness and 3) the importance of data mobilisation in formats easily consumable by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to facilitate the processes of informed decision-making. We present the first compilation - in shapefile format - for 1889 of the 1941 bird species recorded from Colombia. Using this novel collection, we showed the species richness of birds in Colombia’s 33 Departments plus its Captial District (DPs), 1122 Municipalities (MNs), 58 protected areas (PAs), 39 Regional Autonomous Corporations (the authorities responsible within their respective jurisdictions for regulating the environment and renewable natural resources in Colombia; CARs) and 916 Collectively Titled Territories (including both indigenous reservations and afro-descendant communities; CTTs). In addition, we provide a list of known bird species richness for the above geographic units found in the available literature. The information provided here can be used as a baseline for a huge number of initiatives concerning the study, conservation and sustainable use of bird species present in Colombia, providing access to key features of bird distribution that should facilitate decision-making.

A revision of the Western Australian endemic humicolous beetle genus Tympallopatrum Perkins (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 672 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP D. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Online Version ◽  
Geographic Distributions ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Western Australian

The Western Australian endemic humicolous beetle genus Tympallopatrum Perkins is revised. A key to the four known species is given. Three new species are described: T. aureolum (12 km W. Walpole, Walpole National Park, Mt. Clare), T. callosum (Beedelup National Park, 20 km W. Pemberton), and T. curvicostum (Porongurup National Park, Bolganup Creek). These rare, markedly sculptured beetles were collected from litter and/or fungi, or by pyrethrin fogging of bark, usually near streams or moist habitats. High resolution digital images of the holotypes are presented (online version in color), male genitalia are illustrated, and geographic distributions are mapped.

Miconia goldenbergiana (Melastomataceae, Miconieae): a new species from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
MAYARA K. CADDAH ◽  
JULIA MEIRELLES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
A New Species

Miconia goldenbergiana, a new species from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species have been extensively collected since the end of the XIX century but have been confused with M. budlejoides and M. formosa, species that also have discolorous and suprabasal leaves and glomerulate inflorescences. From the first species, it can be distinguished by papyraceous leaves with the abaxial surface covered by lepidote trichomes. From the second species, it can be distinguished also by the texture of leaves, and by its narrower size, crenulate to serrulate margins and acute base, besides the smaller size of the flowers. The new species is known from the states of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and eastern São Paulo, and is in danger of extinction.

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