scholarly journals Improving Restorative Maintenance Practices for Mature Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Sehgal ◽  
Jennifer Drake ◽  
Tim Seters ◽  
William Vander Linden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PICP) are a Low Impact Development (LID) technology that reduce the total volume of stormwater discharge and peak flows from urban hardscapes. Over time, particulates accumulate in the PICP joints, decreasing the pavement’s surface infiltration capacity and negatively affecting its overall functionality. Maintenance with two surface treatment technologies, a hand-held power brush and pressure washer-used in combination with vacuum street sweepers were compared to maintenance with vacuum street sweepers alone at four PICP parking lots. Both surface treatments along with vacuum street sweeping significantly improved the restoration of infiltration capacity for the young (i.e., <4 years) PICP section. Pressure washing in combination with vacuum sweeping was effective for PICP sections with larger (13–14 mm) joint openings. Power brushing, however, provided inconsistent results between the PICP sections. The effect of surface treatments was not significant for older (i.e., >6 years) installations with small (3–4 mm) joint openings. Though surface treatment resulted in significant improvement with a pressure washer and vacuum street sweeper combination, usage intensity of the parking lot was deemed as an important factor in restoring infiltration capacity. These findings re-emphasize that regular maintenance is essential to ensure long-term hydraulic functionality of PICP.

scholarly journals Effect of surface treatments on push-out bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements to fiber posts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr M. Elnaghy ◽  
Ayman Mandorah ◽  
Ali H. Hassan ◽  
Alaa Elshazli ◽  
Shaymaa Elsaka
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiber Posts ◽  
Glass Fiber Posts ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract Background To evaluate the effect of surface treatments on the push-out bond strength of Biodentine (BD) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) to fiber posts. Methods Two brands of fiber posts were used: Reblida post; RP and RelyX post; RX. Each type of post (n = 80/group) was divided into four groups (n = 20/group) and exposed to surface treatment as follows: Control (no treatment), sandblasting (SB), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and TiF4 4 wt/v%. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 10/subgroup) based on the type of CSCs used as follows: Subgroup A: BD and Subgroup B: WMTA. Push-out bond strength of BD and WMTA to glass fiber posts was assessed. Data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A Weibull analysis was performed on the push-out bond strength data. Results BD showed higher bond strength than WMTA (P < 0.001). The push-out bond strength for posts treated with TiF4 4 wt/v% showed greater bond strength than the other surface treatments (P < 0.05). The BD/RP-TiF4 4 wt/v% showed the greater characteristic bond strength (σ0) (15.93) compared with the other groups. Surface treatments modified the surface topography of glass fiber posts. Conclusions The BD/RP-TiF4 4 wt/v% showed greater bond strength compared with the other groups. The TiF4 4 wt/v% surface treatment enhanced the bond strength of BD and WMTA to glass fiber posts than the other treatments. Surface treatment of fiber post with TiF4 4 wt/v% could be used to improve the bond strength with calcium silicate-based cements.

Increased Filiform Corrosion Resistance Utilizing a Zirconium-Based Conversion Coating on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (AA7075-T6) Alloy as well as Selected Surface Treatments

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3510 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Glover ◽  
Mary Lyn Lim ◽  
John Scully
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Conversion Coating ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Filiform Corrosion ◽  
Alkaline Cleaning ◽  
Vinyl Butyral ◽  
Subsequent Acid ◽  
Effect Of Surface

This study investigates the effect of surface treatment on the formation of Zr-based conversion coatings on AA7075-T6 automotive aluminum alloys and their resistance to filiform corrosion (FFC). Two different surface treatments were studied (A) alkaline-cleaning and (B) alkaline-cleaning with a subsequent acid deoxidation step. A model poly-vinyl butyral (PVB) primer coating was used as the topcoat and specimens were studied with and without the application of a Zr-based conversion coating. Comparisons were made against a control that had no surface treatment. The FFC filament initiation time and propagation kinetics were of particular interest. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to examine the conversion coating thickness and composition. A bi-layer conversion coating structure is demonstrated and both surface treatments are shown to produce copper enrichment that promotes the formation of the Zr-rich coating. Specimens prepared by alkaline cleaning-only resulted in a substantially thicker oxide layer of which 97% was ZrO2. These specimens provide superior resistance to FFC where the thick Zr-rich oxide is thought to provide a dense blocking layer that prevents electron transfer at the interface. In contrast, the control specimen, exposed only to the copper additions present in the conversion bath is shown to produce an Al oxide-rich layer with only a 33% ZrO2 contribution in the outer layer. The findings demonstrate that the redistribution of functional copper species, that is shown to occur during surface treatment processes, is crucial for the formation of a robust Zr film.

scholarly journals Shallow firn cores 1989–2019 in southwest Greenland's percolation zone reveal decreasing density and ice layer thickness after 2012

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Åsa K. Rennermalm ◽  
Regine Hock ◽  
Federico Covi ◽  
Jing Xiao ◽  
Giovanni Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Percolation Zone ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Southwest Greenland

Abstract Refreezing of meltwater in firn is a major component of Greenland ice-sheet's mass budget, but in situ observations are rare. Here, we compare the firn density and total ice layer thickness in the upper 15 m of 19 new and 27 previously published firn cores drilled at 15 locations in southwest Greenland (1850–2360 m a.s.l.) between 1989 and 2019. At all sites, ice layer thickness covaries with density over time and space. At the two sites with the earliest observations (1989 and 1998), bulk density increased by 15–18%, in the top 15 m over 28 and 21 years, respectively. However, following the extreme melt in 2012, elevation-detrended density using 30 cores from all sites decreased by 15 kg m−3 a−1 in the top 3.75 m between 2013 and 2019. In contrast, the lowest elevation site's density shows no trend. Thus, temporary build-up in firn pore space and meltwater infiltration capacity is possible despite the long-term increase in Greenland ice-sheet melting.

Effect of surface treatments of jute fibers on the microstructural and mechanical responses of poly(lactic acid)/jute fiber biocomposites

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (77) ◽  
pp. 73373-73382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tahir Zafar ◽  
Saurindra Nath Maiti ◽  
Anup Kumar Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Interface Adhesion ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Effect Of Surface

The effect of surface treatment of jute fibers on matrix/fiber interface adhesion in PLA/jute fiber biocomposites was explored in terms of mechanical, morphological, thermal and thermo mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Study of the effect of surface treatment on the long term effectiveness of tissue conditioner

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamleshwar Singh ◽  
Pooran Chand ◽  
Balendra P. Singh ◽  
Chandra B. S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tissue Conditioner ◽  
Effect Of Surface

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Treatments on Push-out Bond Strength of Calcium Silicate-based Cements to Fiber Posts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Elnaghy ◽  
Ayman Mandorah ◽  
Ali Hassan ◽  
Alaa Elshazli ◽  
Shaymaa Elsaka
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiber Posts ◽  
Glass Fiber Posts ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract Background: To evaluate the effect of surface treatments on the push-out bond strength of Biodentine (BD) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) to fiber posts. Methods: Two brands of fiber posts were used: Reblida post; RP and RelyX post; RX. Each type of post was divided into four groups and exposed to surface treatment as follows: Control (no treatment), sandblasting (SB), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and TiF4 4 wt/v%. Push-out bond strength of BD and WMTA to glass fiber posts was assessed. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: BD showed higher bond strength than WMTA (P < 0.001). The push-out bond strength for posts treated with TiF4 4 wt/v% showed greater bond strength than the other surface treatments (P < 0.05). The BD/RP-TiF4 4 wt/v% showed the greater characteristic bond strength (σ0) (15.93) compared with the other groups. Conclusions: The BD/RP-TiF4 4 wt/v% showed greater bond strength compared with the other groups. The TiF4 4 wt/v% surface treatment enhanced the bond strength of BD and WMTA to glass fiber posts than the other treatments. Surface treatment of fiber post with TiF4 4 wt/v% could be used to improve the bond strength with calcium silicate-based cements.

EFFECT OF SURFACE-PENETRANTS FOR CONCRETE UNDER FREEZE-THAW CYCLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sayama ◽  
Shoichi Sayama ◽  
Koji Mitani ◽  
Liangjun Hu ◽  
Isamu Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Saturated Concrete ◽  
Gas Penetration ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures are generally deteriorated by penetration of water and gases that induce corrosion of reinforcements. Surface-penetrants, which increase gas-penetration resistance of concrete, can improve the long-term durability of RC members. A kind of surface-treatment, such as silane penetrants, gives a high water-repellant effect to concrete. It is well known that concrete in cold regions is occasionally damaged by freezing and thawing (F-T) cycles. In a microscopic viewpoint, water-pressure in pore structures of concrete increases due to freezing. The increase of internal water pressure may be a cause of the F-T damage of concrete. It is possibly hard to ease the water-pressure in saturated concrete incorporating the water-repellant penetrant. That is, the surface-treated concrete under the F-T cycles may deteriorate seriously. To examine the effect of surface-treatment, the study conducted the F-T test (JIS A 1148) by using concrete that was painted with surface-penetrants. The foci of this investigation are to examine the F-T durability of surface-treated concretes and to compare the effect of the surface-penetrants. This paper reports the effects of the water-repellant penetrant on the F-T durability.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Treatments on Shear Bond Strength of Polyetheretherketone to Autopolymerizing Resin

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kurahashi ◽  
Takashi Matsuda ◽  
Yuichi Ishida ◽  
Tetsuo Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Resin Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Surface

These days, new prosthodontic materials are appearing with the development of digitalization. Among these, the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as the clasp of removable partial dentures has been proposed. The adhesive strength between the PEEK and acrylic resin influences the probability of denture fracture. To investigate the effect of PEEK surface treatments on the shear bond strength to acrylic resin, five surface treatment conditions of PEEK were analyzed: 1. no treatment; 2. ceramic primer application; 3. Al2O3 sandblasting; 4. Rocatec; and 5. Rocatec with ceramic primer application, comparing with a metal primer-treated Co-Cr alloy. Two kinds of autopolymerizing resin (Unifast II and Palapress Vario) were used as bonding materials. The specimens were evaluated to determine the bond strength. Rocatec treatment with ceramic primer application yielded the highest bond strengths (12.71 MPa and 15.32 MPa, respectively, for Unifast II and Palapress Vario). When compared to a metal primer-treated Co-Cr alloy, the bond strength of PEEK to Unifast II was similar, whereas it was about 60% of that to Palapress Vario. Rocatec treatment, combined with ceramic primer, showed the highest bond strength of PEEK to acrylic resin. Treatment of PEEK will enable its use as the clasp of removable dentures and the fixation of PEEK prostheses.

scholarly journals Estimation of load capture ratio for evaluating LID facilities performance in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3464-3477
Author(s):  
Jeonghyeon Choi ◽  
Sangdan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Continuous Simulation ◽  
Capture Ratio ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Accurate Performance

Abstract Accurate performance evaluation is required for efficient design or installation of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities. However, the existing evaluation method in Korea needs to be improved since it has been derived for non-point reduction facilities. The purpose of this study is to propose a new design formula for three types of LID facilities. Through the long-term continuous simulation of EPA SWMM, the Load Capture Ratio (LCR) for LID facilities such as bio-retentions, infiltration trenches, and vegetative swales was estimated. As a result of the sensitivity analysis to verify the newly derived LCR formula, it can be seen that not only the regional rainfall characteristics but also the infiltration capacity of the native soil play an important role in the accuracy of the proposed LCR formula.

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Treatments on the Flexural Strength of HeatPressed Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic and HeatPressed Lithium Disilicate Ceramic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Objective: To compare the flexural strength of heat-pressed zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celta Press) with that of heatpressed lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press) and to evaluate the effect of surface treatments. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four specimens, with dimensions of 14.5 x 12.5 mm and 1.5 mm thickness, were fabricated using the lost-wax heat press technique and were divided into two groups: Group 1, Celta Press and Group 2, IPS e.max Press. Each group had four subgroups according to the surface treatment protocols: No treatment (A); Polished (B); Glazed (C), and Polished and Glazed (D). The specimens’ flexural strength was calculated by a universal testing machine in MPa. Results: IPS e.max Group D, showed the greatest flexural strength (374.22 ± 87.35MPa), while Celtra Press Group C, had the lowest flexural value (164.10 ± 51.97MPa). A two-way ANOVA indicated that IPS e.max exhibited statistically significantly greater flexural strength than Celtra Press. Tukey’s HSD test revealed that the polished and glazed group displayed greater flexural strength than the untreated group. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press showed greater flexural strength than Celtra Press among all groups. The combination of a polished and glazed surface produced greater flexural strength than the untreated group. Clinical Significance: With newer dental ceramic materials constantly emerging, there is a need to evaluate their mechanical properties and provide clinical recommendations. The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the flexural strength of two highly esthetic ceramic materials, Celtra Press and IPS e.max Press, and to offer some guidelines regarding their surface treatment protocol.

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