scholarly journals Maternal Environment Effect of Warming and Eutrophication on the Emergence of Curled Pondweed, Potamogeton crispus L.

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Submerged Macrophyte ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Potamogeton Crispus ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Phosphorus Addition

Maternal effects may play an important role in life history and offspring performance of aquatic plants. Performance and response of maternal and offspring aquatic plants can affect population dynamics and community composition. Understanding maternal effect can help to fill a gap in the knowledge of aquatic plant life cycles, and provide important insights for species’ responses to climate change and eutrophication. This study showed that maternal warming and eutrophication significantly affected the early life stages of curled pondweed, Potamogeton crispus, a submerged macrophyte. Propagule in warmed condition had higher germination percentages and a shorter mean germination time than those under ambient conditions. However, propagule germination in phosphorus addition treatment was inhibited due to the negative effect of eutrophication, e.g., phytoplankton competition and deteriorated underwater light. Meanwhile, elevated temperature led to a decrease of total nitrogen concentrations and an increase of carbon: nitrogen ratios in plant tissues, which may suggest that P. crispus will allocate more nutrients to propagules in order to resist the adverse effects of high temperature. A subsequent germination experiment in the same ambient condition showed that maternal warming promoted seedling emergence in contrast to maternal phosphorus addition. Consequently, global warming could modify population growth via maternal environmental effects on early life histories, while increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs may result in a decreased submerged macrophyte. These maternal effects on offspring performance may change competition and the survival of early life-history stages under climate warming and eutrophication through changing the ecological stoichiometry of plant tissue.

scholarly journals Maternal control of early life history traits affects overwinter survival and seedling phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Hernández ◽  
Roman B. Vercellino ◽  
Ignacio Fanna ◽  
Alejandro Presotto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Overwinter Survival ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Controlled Conditions

ABSTRACTWhen cultivated and wild plants hybridize, hybrids often show intermediate phenotypic traits relative to their parents, which make them unfit in natural environments. However, maternal genetic effects may affect the outcome of hybridization by controlling the expression of the earliest life history traits. Here, using wild, cultivated, and reciprocal crop-wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids, we evaluated the maternal effects on emergence timing and seedling establishment in the field, and on seedling traits under controlled conditions. In the field, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations with contrasting dormancy (the high dormant BAR and the low dormant DIA) and one cultivar (CROP) with low dormancy. Under controlled conditions, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations (BAR and RCU) and one CROP under three contrasting temperature treatments. In the field, BAR overwintered as dormant seeds whereas DIA and CROP showed high autumn emergence (∼50% of planted seeds), resulting in differential overwinter survival and seedling establishment in the spring. Reciprocal crop-wild hybrids resembled their female parents in emergence timing and success of seedling establishment. Under controlled conditions, we observed large maternal effects on most seedling traits across temperatures. Cotyledon size explained most of the variation in seedling traits, suggesting that the maternal effects on seed size have cascading effects on seedling traits. Maternal effects on early life history traits affect early plant survival and phenotypic variation of crop-wild hybrids, thus, they should be addressed in hybridization studies, especially those involving highly divergent parents like cultivated species and their wild ancestors.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

scholarly journals Early life history responses and phenotypic shifts in a rare endemic plant responding to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E Winkler ◽  
Michelle Yu-Chan Lin ◽  
José Delgadillo ◽  
Kenneth J Chapin ◽  
Travis E Huxman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Cushion Plant ◽  
Rare Endemic

We studied how a rare, endemic alpine cushion plant responds to the interactive effects of warming and drought. Overall, we found that both drought and warming negatively influenced the species growth but that existing levels of phenotypic variation may be enough to at least temporarily buffer populations.

Maternal effects influence phenotypes and survival during early life stages in an aquatic turtle

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Mitchell ◽  
Jessica A. Maciel ◽  
Fredric J. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages
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