scholarly journals Winter Wheat Evapotranspiration Estimation under Drought Stress during Several Growth Stages in Huaibei Plain, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cui ◽  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Ping Feng ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Hongwei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Estimating crop evapotranspiration under drought stress provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing irrigation schedule and reducing agricultural drought risk. Winter wheat water deficit plot experiments were conducted based on large-scale weighing lysimeters in the Huaibei Plain. The response of evapotranspiration to water deficit during several growth stages was analyzed; four crop coefficients were optimized and then evapotranspiration under drought stress was estimated with the dual crop coefficient method and the genetic algorithm. Drought stress not only reduced evapotranspiration during the current stage, but this influence was also transferred to the following periods. Evapotranspiration could basically return to the normal status after rewatering if the plant did not previously suffer from serious drought stress. Therefore, severe water deficit during continuous wheat growth periods should be avoided, and the deficit intensity during each stage should be controlled. The optimized Kcb ini, Kcb mid, Kcb end and Kc max were 0.32, 1.38, 0.33 and 1.39, and the root mean square error, mean absolute error, and mean relative error of the corresponding estimated evapotranspiration under drought stress were 22.83%, 25.36%, and 11.78% less than those using recommended coefficients, respectively. These optimized crop coefficients provide references for the practical application in the Huaibei Plain, this method for estimating crop evapotranspiration under drought stress can be applied to field circumstances and other regions.

Effects of climatic factors, drought risk and irrigation requirement on maize yield in the Northeast Farming Region of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. YIN ◽  
M. JABLOUN ◽  
J. E. OLESEN ◽  
I. ÖZTÜRK ◽  
M. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Mean Temperature

SUMMARYDrought risk is considered to be among the main limiting factors for maize (Zea mays L.) production in the Northeast Farming Region of China (NFR). Maize yield data from 44 stations over the period 1961–2010 were combined with data from weather stations to evaluate the effects of climatic factors, drought risk and irrigation requirement on rain-fed maize yield in specific maize growth phases. The maize growing season was divided into four growth phases comprising seeding, vegetative, flowering and maturity based on observations of phenological data from 1981 to 2010. The dual crop coefficient was used to calculate crop evapotranspiration and soil water balance during the maize growing season. The effects of mean temperature, solar radiation, effective rainfall, water deficit, drought stress days, actual crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirement in different growth phases were included in the statistical model to predict maize yield. During the period 1961–2010, mean temperature increased significantly in all growth phases in NFR, while solar radiation decreased significantly in southern NFR in the seeding, vegetative and flowering phases. Effective rainfall increased in the seeding and vegetative phases, reducing water deficit over the period, whereas decreasing effective rainfall over time in the flowering and maturity phases enhanced water deficit. An increase in days with drought stress was concentrated in western NFR, with larger volumes of irrigation needed to compensate for increased dryness. The present results indicate that higher mean temperature in the seeding and maturity phases was beneficial for maize yield, whereas excessive rainfall would damage maize yield, in particular in the seeding and flowering phases. Drought stress in any growth stage was found to reduce maize yield and water deficit was slightly better than other indicators of drought stress for explaining yield variability. The effect of drought stress was particularly strong in the seeding and flowering phases, indicating that these periods should be given priority for irrigation. The yield-reducing effects of both drought and intense rainfall illustrate the importance of further development of irrigation and drainage systems for ensuring the stability of maize production in NFR.

scholarly journals Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259585
Author(s):  
Gull Mehak ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages

Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Simulated Assessment of Summer Maize Drought Loss Sensitivity in Huaibei Plain, China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqi Wei ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Yield Formation

In an agricultural drought risk system, crop drought loss sensitivity evaluation is a fundamental link for quantitative agricultural drought loss risk assessment. Summer maize growth processes under various drought patterns were simulated using the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-maize, which was calibrated and validated based on pit experiments conducted in the Huaibei Plain during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Then S-shaped maize drought loss sensitivity curve was built for fitting the relationship between drought hazard index intensity at a given stage and the corresponding dry matter accumulation and grain yield loss rate, respectively. Drought stress reduced summer maize evapotranspiration, dry matter, and yield accumulation, and the reductions increased with the drought intensity at each stage. Moreover, the losses caused by drought at different stages were significantly different. When maize plants were exposed to a severe water deficit at the jointing stage, the dry matter and grain yield formation were greatly affected. Therefore, maize growth was more sensitive to drought stress at the jointing stage when the stress was serious. Furthermore, when plants encountered a relatively slight drought during the seedling or jointing stage, which represented as a lower soil water deficit intensity, the grain yield loss rates approached the maximum for the sensitivity curves of these two stages. Therefore, summer maize tolerance to water deficit at the seedling and jointing stages were weak, and yield formation was more sensitive to water deficit during these two stages when the deficit was relatively slight.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Seasonal Mapping of Water Deficit Index and Evapotranspiration by an Unmanned Aerial System: A Case Study for Winter Wheat in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Vita Antoniuk ◽  
Kiril Manevski ◽  
Kirsten Kørup ◽  
Rene Larsen ◽  
Inge Sandholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Balance Model

Precision irrigation is a promising method to mitigate the impacts of drought stress on crop production with the optimal use of water resources. However, the reliable assessment of plant water status has not been adequately demonstrated, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer great potential for spatiotemporal improvements. This study utilized UAS equipped with multispectral and thermal sensors to detect and quantify drought stress in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the Water Deficit Index (WDI). Biennial field experiments were conducted on coarse sand soil in Denmark and analyses were performed at both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The WDI was significantly correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.61–0.73), and the correlation was weaker with leaf water potential (R2 = 0.39–0.56) and topsoil water status (the highest R2 of 0.68). A semi-physical model depicting the relationship between WDI and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in the root zone was derived with R2 = 0.74. Moreover, WDI estimates were improved using an energy balance model with an iterative scheme to estimate the net radiation and land surface temperature, as well as the dual crop coefficient. The diurnal variation in WDI revealed a pattern of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration, being higher in the morning, decreasing at noon hours and ‘recovering’ in the afternoon. Future work should investigate the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration, which may be used to develop methods for site-specific irrigation recommendations.

scholarly journals Quantitative Lasting Effects of Drought Stress at a Growth Stage on Soybean Evapotranspiration and Aboveground BIOMASS

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Yi Cui ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Yuliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
High Biomass Yield

Quantifying the lasting effects of drought stress on crop growth is a theoretical basis for revealing agricultural drought risk mechanism and formulating adaptive irrigation strategies. Based on two-season pot experiments of soybean in the Huaibei Plain, quantitative responses of plant evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass at each growth stage from a drought were carried out. The results showed that drought stress at a certain stage of soybean not only significantly reduced the current evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass accumulation during this stage, compared with full irrigation, but also generated the after-effects, which resulted in the reductions of evapotranspiration and biomass accumulation at the subsequent periods. Furthermore, the damaged transpiration and growth mechanism caused by drought gradually recovered through the rewatering later, and the compensation phenomenon even occurred. Nevertheless, the specific recovery effect was decided by both the degree and period of drought before. It is practical to implement deficit irrigation at the seedling and branching stages, but the degree should be controlled. Meanwhile, it is crucial to ensure sufficient water supply during the reproductive growth phase, especially at the flowering and pod-enlargement stage, to guarantee a normal transpiration function and a high biomass yield for soybeans in the Huaibei Plain.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Spatial Modeling of Crop Coefficient and Biomass Production in Agroecosystems in Southeast Brazil

Horticulturae ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
César de Oliveira Ferreira Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Lilla Manzione ◽  
José Albuquerque Filho
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Southeast Brazil ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Sentinel 2

Sentinel-2 images at 10-m resolution were used for modeling crop coefficients and biomass production with the application of the so-called SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) and Monteith model for biomass production in an area nearby the city of Águas de Santa Bárbara, in the central-western part of São Paulo State, Brazil, which presents a vast agricultural landscape mosaic, to analyze the effects of the end of the recent ENSO’s (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) most active period (2016/2017) and its posteriori effects on vegetation (until early 2018). Surface albedo, temperature, net radiation, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from the main land uses were extracted to process microclimatic comparisons. Crop coefficient (dimensionless) and biomass production (kg·ha−1·day−1) ranges for the period studied were 0.92–1.35 and 22–104 kg·ha−1·day−1 (in the area occupied by sugarcane crop), 0.56–0.94 and 15–73 kg·ha−1·day−1 (pasture), 1.17–1.56 and 25–210 kg·ha−1·day−1 (silviculture), and 1.05–1.36 and 30–134 kg·ha−1·day−1 (forest). According to the spatial and temporal consistencies, and after comparison with previous point and large-scale studies with similar climatic and thermal conditions, the SAFER and Monteith modelsshowed the ability to quantify and differentiate the large-scale crop coefficients and biomass production of different land uses in the southeast Brazil region. The SAFER algorithm with Sentinel-2 images obtained crop coefficients that indicated plant growth stages and local thermohydrological conditions at a 10-m resolution. The results are important for land use, crop yield and reforestation planning, and for water management plans for actual and future water demand scenarios, and this methodology is useful for monitoring rural and water parameters, and for precision agriculture applications.

Selenium supply methods and time of application influence spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under water deficit conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. NAWAZ ◽  
M. Y. ASHRAF ◽  
R. AHMAD ◽  
E. A. WARAICH ◽  
R. N. SHABBIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYIdentification of new effective strategies for improving crop yields under environmental stresses such as drought represent key priorities for researchers around the globe. In the present study, the effects of different methods of exogenous selenium (Se) supply viz. Se seed priming, Se fertigation and Se foliar spray on yield of spring wheat under normal and water deficit conditions were investigated. Two field experiments were conducted using one indigenous drought-tolerant genotype (Kohistan-97) and a sensitive genotype (Pasban-90) to understand the role of Se in improving wheat yield. The experiments were laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications during consecutive years (2011/12 and 2012/13) and the plants were exposed to water stress by withholding irrigation at two different wheat growth stages, viz. tillering and anthesis. It was noted that drought stress significantly affected the yield attributes of wheat; however, exogenous Se supply was observed to be helpful in improving the drought tolerance potential and yield of water-stressed wheat plants through maintenance of plant water status. A significant increase in wheat yield by Se supply was also noted under normal conditions. The normal plants fertigated with Se maintained the highest values for number of productive tillers, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, biological and grain yield with no significant difference from Se foliar spray at the tillering stage, which was found to be the most effective method of exogenous Se supply for improving wheat yield under water deficit conditions. Moreover, Se fertigation and foliar spray resulted in the maximum accumulation of Se in shoots and gave the highest net return and cost-benefit ratio under drought stress conditions. The present study is one of the few reports on the role of Se in alleviating water stress for obtaining maximum profit in field grown spring wheat.

Expression of nitrogen transporter genes in roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to soil drought with contrasting nitrogen supplies

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Duan ◽  
Hui Tian ◽  
Yajun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Application ◽  
High Affinity

The expression of nitrate and ammonium transporter genes in the roots of winter wheat in response to drought stress is largely unknown. A greenhouse experiment was established to study the expression of five putative nitrate transporter (NRT) genes (TaNRT2.1, TaNRT2.2, TaNRT2.3, TaNRT1.1, TaNRT1.2) and three ammonium transporter (AMT) genes (TaAMT1.1, TaAMT1.2, TaAMT2.1) in the roots of winter wheat in response to soil drought under conditions of limited nitrogen (N) (no N added) and adequate N (addition of 0.3 g N kg–1 soil). Two wheat genotypes with low and high N-uptake efficiencies were used, and water-stress treatments were applied at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of wheat. Expression of all of the genes was quantified using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The results indicated that wheat plants growing in the N-adequate soil were more sensitive to drought stress than those growing in the N-limited soil. The response of the expression of the NRT and AMT genes to soil drought largely depends on N application, wheat genotype and growth stage. The expression of the two low-affinity NRT genes (i.e. TaNRT1.1 and TaNRT1.2) in the N-inefficient genotype XY6 was mainly induced by drought stress, but the expression of the two genes in the N-efficient genotype XY107 was repressed by drought stress. The expression of the high-affinity NRT gene TaNRT2.1 was repressed by drought stress, but the expression of the other two high-affinity NRT genes, TaNRT2.2 and TaNRT2.3, was induced or repressed by soil drought depending on N application and growth stage. The expression of the genes TaAMT1.1 and TaAMT2.1 was mainly repressed by drought stress, whereas the expression of the gene TaAMT1.2 was induced by drought stress. The expression of TaNRT2.1 in XY107 was significantly higher than in XY6.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variations of Meteorological Droughts and the Assessments of Agricultural Drought Risk in a Typical Agricultural Province of China

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang ◽  
Long ◽  
Bai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Drought Risk

Drought is one of the most common natural disasters on a global scale and has a wide range of socioeconomic impacts. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of meteorological drought in a typical agricultural province of China (i.e., Shaanxi Province) based on the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We also investigated the response of winter wheat and summer maize yields to drought by a correlation analysis between the detrended SPEI and the time series of yield anomaly during the crop growing season. Moreover, agricultural drought risks were assessed across the province using a conceptual risk assessment model that emphasizes the combined role of drought hazard and vulnerability. The results indicated that droughts have become more severe and frequent in the study area after 1995. The four typical timescales of SPEI showed a consistent decreasing trend during the period 1960–2016; the central plains of the province showed the most significant decreasing trend, where is the main producing area of the province’s grain. Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of drought increased significantly after 1995; the most severe drought episodes occurred in 2015–2016. Our results also showed that the sensitivity of crop yield to drought varies with the timescales of droughts. Droughts at six-month timescales that occurred in March can explain the yield losses for winter wheat to the greatest extent, while the yield losses of summer maize are more sensitive to droughts at three-month timescales that occurred in August. The assessment agricultural drought risk showed that some areas in the north of the province are exposed to a higher risk of drought and other regions are dominated by low risk.

Global transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analyses of growth-stage-specific and hybrid-cultivar-specific drought stress responses in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Hongyu Jin ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Network Analyses

Abstract Background Drought is the major abiotic stress threatening maize ( Zea mays L.) production globally. Therefore, deciphering the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance remains pertinent. Results Here, through a comprehensive comparative leaf transcriptome analysis of drought-tolerant hybrid ND476 plants subjected to water-sufficient (control) and water-deficit (drought) treatment conditions at four (V12, VT, R1, and R4) crop growth stages, we report key cultivar-specific and growth-stage-specific molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress responses in maize. Based on the transcriptome analysis, a total of 3451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the four experimental comparisons, with 2403, 650, 397 and 313 DEGS observed at the V12, VT, R1, and R4 stages, respectively. The expression changes in these genes effected corresponding metabolic pathway responses related to drought tolerance in maize. Subsequently, 3451 DEGs were divided into 12 modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), comprising 277 hub genes covering drought-responsive genes involved in water-deficit stress and developmental signaling crosstalk. Interestingly, the co-expressed genes that clustered into similar modules exhibited diverse expression tendencies and got annotated to different GO terms at different stages. MapMan analysis revealed that DEGs related to stress signal transduction, detoxification, transcription factor regulation, hormone signaling and secondary metabolites biosynthesis were universal across the four growth stages. However, the DEGs associated with photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism; protein degradation; transport; and RNA transcriptional regulation were uniquely enriched at the V12, VT, R2, and R4 stages, respectively. Conclusions Our results affirmed that maize drought stress adaptation is a whole-plant response as well as a stage-specific response process. We hope that our findings will aid in clarifying the fundamental cultivar-specific and growth-stage-specific molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress responses in maize. In addition, the genes and metabolic pathways identified here can be valuable genetic resources or selection targets for developing new drought resistant maize cultivars.

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