scholarly journals Operational Evaluation of a Small Hydropower Plant in the Context of Sustainable Development

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Water Head ◽  
The Impact

Proper design of hydrotechnical structures should meet the basic principles of sustainable development, i.e., the investment should be designed and made in technical terms, in accordance with the applicable standards and regulations, provide certain economic benefits and guarantee the absence of environmental hazards. The article examines the work of a Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) in Jaracz in technical and hydraulic terms. It also provides the analysis of the effect of changes in parameters such as water head, flow rate velocity, and shape of trash rack bars on expected SHP profits. The assessment of hydraulic performance consisted of investigating the impact of reduced flow rate and water head on power output and energy production. The analyses were carried out for the Francis turbine installed in the facility. Since the loss of channel capacity is shaped by plant debris accumulated on trash racks, the hydraulic performance assessment was extended to include the analysis of the species and weight composition of such accumulation on fine trash racks located in the inlet channel. Field research involved collecting organic material from the growing season (spring, summer) and post-growing season (autumn). Technical conditions were developed on the basis of the current technical condition of the inlet channel; there were also made simulations of its deteriorating state, as well as its impact on the received energy and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Multi-Use of the Sea as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Five EU Sea Basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8159
Author(s):  
Joanna Przedrzymirska ◽  
Jacek Zaucha ◽  
Helena Calado ◽  
Ivana Lukic ◽  
Martina Bocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the concept of maritime multi-use as a territorial/SPATIAL governance instrument for the enhancement of sustainable development in five EU sea basins. Multi-use (MU) is expected to enhance the productivity of blue economy sectors, as well as deliver additional socio-economic benefits related to the environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development. The paper provides a definition of maritime multi-use and identifies the multi-uses with the highest potential in EU sea basins. In each sea basin, multi-use plays a different role as concerns sustainable development. For the Eastern Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, the MU focus should remain on the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In the North Sea, North Atlantic and Western Baltic Sea, addressing social sustainability seems a key precondition for success of MU in enhancement of sustainable spatial development at sea. Moreover, it has been suggested to introduce MU key global strategies such as SDGs or Macroregional strategies and action plans and to supplement maritime spatial planning with sectoral incentives and educational efforts as key vehicles supporting MU. The paper concludes by identifying aspects which, in order to inform maritime spatial planning and maritime governance regarding a more conscious application of the aforementioned concept, require further investigation. Key tasks are related to: more profound evaluation of performance of policies supporting MUs, researching the impact of MU on societal goals and on the MU costs and benefits, including external ones, and finally identifying the impact of MU on the development of various sectors and regions on land.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis on Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Physics for Pump as Turbine in Renewable Small Hydro Energy Generation

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Du Jianguo ◽  
Daniel Adu ◽  
Emmanuel Acheaw ◽  
Shakir Hafeez ◽  
Eric Ofosu Antw
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Energy contributes significantly in almost all aspects of human life as well as economic activities and plays a crucial role in the infrastructural development of a county to alleviate poverty. Generating energy from a renewable source such as small hydropower through the application of pump operating as a turbine mode called Pump as Turbine is one of the best alternatives to provide clean and inexpensive energy. Using Pump as Turbine helps in generating reasonably priced hydroelectric power for communities in underdeveloped counties. This study investigates the effects of internal flow behaviour and performance of Pump as Turbine under different rotational speed and flow rate. The rotational speed is an essential physical parameter as it affects the Pump as Turbine operation. A model-specific speed centrifugal pump model with head 32 (m), flow rate of 12.5 (m3/h) and the rotational speed of 2900 rpm, has been selected for the study. Numerical simulations have been conducted using the k-ω turbulence model to solve three-dimensional (3D) equations. The pump mode experimental data were used to confirm the results for better analysis. The results predicted that vortex and turbulent kinetic energy increase per rotational speed increase. Also, at the higher rotational speed, very high recirculation of flow is detected at the blade suction chamber, although the pressure side has a smooth flow. This study provides beneficial information which will serve as a reference to help improve PAT performance along with selecting PAT for a small hydropower site. Future works will consider the impact of blade thickness and cavitation in Pump as Turbine.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOTIC ENVIRONMENTS IN FLATLAND RIVERBEDS OF LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Nijole Bastiene ◽  
Virginija Pliuraite
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
River System ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydrostatic Head ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a small hydropower plant (SHP) on river water quality and macroinvertebrates has been investigated in 5 Lithuanian rivers and involved 17 dams of which ten are in a sequence in the same river system. The hydrostatic head of SHP dams ranged from 2.75 to 14.50 m and the capacities of their reservoirs varied from 40×103 to 15,500×103 m3. Physicochemical characteristics, as well as macroinvertebrate communities, were evaluated in sites above and below the SHP dams comparing them with reference sites. It was established that construction of SHP dams (H15 m) in Lithuania substantially changed regimes of suspended solids, fine particles and nutrients only locally regardless of hydrostatic head of the dam. Compared to reference sites, SHP reservoirs and sites below SHP dams had relatively more Chironomidae larvae and Oligochaeta, and less Coleoptera larvae as well as the relative abundance of pollution-sensitive Ephemeroptera and EPT. Water quality according to biotic indexes (DSFI and HBI) in the sites influenced by SHP dams was recognised to be moderate or poor, but impact was only local. This suggests that increment of catchment’s area and intensive land use for agriculture within the river basin plays more important role than SHP dams

scholarly journals A Critical Review on Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Wire Screen Matrix Packed Solar Air Heaters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Verma ◽  
Abhishek Saxena ◽  
L. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Bed Porosity ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
The Impact

Solar air heaters (SAHs) have an important role in applications such as space heating and industrial drying worldwide. The packing of SAH bed not only increases the heat transfer area but also increases the pumping power losses thereby limiting the thermo-hydraulic performance. In the present study, efforts have been made for a critical assessment of the literature dealing with the impact of collector bed and operating parameters over thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance for different configurations of wire screen matrix packed SAH. The porosity of bed and mass flow rate of the air have a major influence on the thermo-hydraulic performance of wire screen matrix packed SAH. It is found that the enhancement in the volumetric heat transfer coefficient due to a decrease in bed porosity is obtained at the expense of increase in pumping power which ultimately affects the thermo-hydraulic performance of wire screen matrix packed SAH. In general it is observed that porosity is an important parameter that affects the thermo-hydraulic performance. It is seen that matrix having porosity 0.937 yields thermo-hydraulic performance of 68% at mass flow rate 0.023 kg/s where as for the same mass flow rate porosity of 0.887 results thermo-hydraulic performance of only 42%.

Analyzing the impact of intake structure on the flow at low pressure SHPP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Bytčanková ◽  
Ján Rumann ◽  
Peter Dušička
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Low Head ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Numerical Flow Modeling ◽  
Intake Structure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe structural parts of intake structures directly affect the flow velocity distribution in the turbine intake of small hydropower plants, where inhomogeneous flow leads to uneven load of the turbine units causing operational problems. A 2D numerical flow modeling was used for investigations of the flow in an intake structure of a low-head small hydropower plant. The effects of shape changes of the intake structure on the flow velocity distribution in the turbine intakes were investigated and assessed proving significant effect of the shapes of the intake structure on the flow homogeneity in turbine intakes.

scholarly journals Climate Change Effects on Hydropower in Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Meque Uamusse ◽  
Kamshat Tussupova ◽  
Kenneth M Persson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
The Impact

The impact of climate change on the production of hydropower in Mozambique is reviewed and regression analysis is applied to evaluate future climate scenarios. The results show that climate change will cause increased variability of precipitation and create flooding that can damage infrastructure such as hydropower dams. Climate change can also cause drought that will decrease surface water and reduce hydroelectric generation in Mozambique. Electricity generation is to a major extent performed through large-scale hydropower in Mozambique. To fulfill the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and an increased demand for electricity, several large and many small hydropower projects are planned and were built in the country. The economic lifetime of a hydropower plant is typically 100 years, meaning that the hydrologic regimes for the plants should be evaluated for at least this period. Climate change effects are rarely included in present feasibility studies. Economic implications associated with climate change phenomena are higher in Mozambique than in neighboring countries as its future electricity demand to a large extent is forecasted to be met by hydropower. The large hydropower potential in Mozambique should as well be considered when investing in new power plants in southern Africa.

scholarly journals Investigation of Hydraulic Performance Based on Response Surface Methodology for an Agricultural Chemigation Proportional Injector

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Pan Tang ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Injection Flow Rate ◽  
Injection Flow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Injection Ratio

Injectors are key pieces of equipment for chemigation systems, and their hydraulic performance has a significant effect on chemigation systems and crops. In order to investigate the influence of different working parameters on hydraulic performance for a water-powered proportional injector (PI), three key parameters of inlet and injection flow rate were researched using a one-factor experimental design method. The regression equations between different factors and response variables were established through a response surface method based on one-factor experimental results. Lastly, a mathematical model of the actual injection ratio was established. Some experiments under different, randomly selected parameter combinations were carried out to verify the prediction precision of the mathematical mode. The results showed that the injection flow rate increased first within the differential pressure of 0.05 to 0.10 MPa and then tended towards stability with increasing differential pressure. The injection flow rate decreased by increasing the viscosity and the change in the injection flow rate was small enough when the viscosity was greater than 500 mPa·s. The impact factors, in order of significance, for inlet flow rate were differential pressure, viscosity of injection liquid and setting injection ratio. The impact factors, in order of significance, for injection flow rate were viscosity of injection liquid, setting injection ratio and differential pressure. The regressive model for predicting the actual injection ratio was validated using an experiment and the relative deviation between calculated value and tested value was less than 5.98%, which indicated that the mathematical model had high credibility.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption and Shadow Economy on the Economic and Sustainable Development. Do They “Sand the Wheels” or “Grease the Wheels”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Răzvan Hoinaru ◽  
Daniel Buda ◽  
Sorin Nicolae Borlea ◽  
Viorela Ligia Văidean ◽  
Monica Violeta Achim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Having in mind the main debate “grease the wheels” vs. “sand the wheels”, the main objective of this study is to find the way in which corruption and shadow economy influence economic and sustainable development. A large cross-country database of 185 countries is used for the 2005–2015 time period. We find that corruption and shadow economy are poverty-driven diseases and they highly characterize low-income countries. Thus, the higher levels of corruption and shadow economy are correlated with low levels of economic and sustainable development. Then, the main contribution of this work consists of finding general and empirical evidence for the destructive role held by the corruption and shadow economy phenomena upon the economic and sustainable development of states. However, we also find some evidence that corruption can be also seen as a way to circumvent the law in order to achieve higher economic benefits and thereby to increase economic development. In addition, we find that economic and sustainable development in high-income countries is more strongly and negatively affected by the phenomena of corruption and shadow economy than in the case of low-income countries. Our research may have political implications for the government institutions that need to adopt the best-required policies, in order to boost economic and sustainable development. For low-income countries, we find some evidence for positive effects of corruption and shadow economy upon economic and sustainable development and the immediate practical implications are not to encourage but to effectively and strongly fight against these destructive phenomena and to find the proper channels to increase the institutional quality and to adopt the appropriate regulatory policies.

Exploring the Impact of Tourism to the Sustainable Development of Mountain Regions

2019 ◽  
pp. 437-453
Author(s):  
Stefanos Tsiaras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable development is difficult to be achieved in mountain regions because of their sensitivity to climate change. The rapid development of mountain tourism worldwide during the last years makes the goal for sustainable mountain tourism even more challenging. Key factor to the development of mountain tourism in Europe was the function of ski centres. According to the spirit of the Brundtland Report ski centres are not in general sustainable, because they may have economic benefits but they negatively affect the other two pillars of sustainability: environment and society. The present paper focuses on a ski resort in Greece, attempting to assess the impact of mountain tourism on the sustainable development of the area. Ski resorts played a crucial role to the bloom of mountain tourism in Greece. Its evolution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has been affected by the economic crisis that afflicts the country in the past years. Demographic data compared with tourism indicators were used to assess the environmental impact of tourism in the area. Moreover, meteorological data were used in order to examine the correlation of climatic conditions and the number of visitors. The results show that the ski centre in Elatohori despite the economic benefits has a major environmental impact, especially because of the increased carbon emissions caused by the visitors of the area. Additionally, the climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature, especially the absolute maximum air temperature) affect the number of visitors.

A New Generation of Trade Agreements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Madner
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Short Contribution ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

This short contribution addresses the controversy over CETA, TTIP, and TiSA against the backdrop of the EU’s new trade strategy ‘Trade for All’. It takes a general look at how the controversy over the comprehensive EU trade agreements is staged and briefly examines three sites of contestation (economic benefits, the provision of public services, and commitments with regard to sustainable development). It argues that negotiators and proponents of the comprehensive trade agenda failed to present the full picture with regard to the impact of the new generation of agreements. Furthermore, it is argued that the current framing of the debate over EU trade policy disregards the inherent political dimension of the issues at stake and misses the opportunity to facilitate a dispute over the values and visions to be reflected in trade policy.

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