scholarly journals Estimating Evapotranspiration of Processing Tomato under Plastic Mulch Using the SIMDualKc Model

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimeng Zhang ◽  
Guanhua Huang ◽  
Xu Xu ◽  
Yunwu Xiong ◽  
Quanzhong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Basin Irrigation

Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for agricultural water resource management and proper irrigation scheduling. The 2-year field experimental data of processing tomato under plastic-mulched drip and basin irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District (Hetao), located in the upper reaches of the Yellow river, were used to calibrate and validate the SIMDualKc model. The model adopted the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) dual Kc method for partitioning ET into plant transpiration and soil evaporation. The results showed a good agreement between soil water observations and simulations throughout the growing seasons with a low error estimate and high model efficiency. The calibrated basal potential crop coefficients for the initial stage, mid-season stage, and late stage were 0.30, 0.92, and 0.60, respectively. ET during the two growing seasons was in the range of 284–331 mm for basin irrigation and 266–310 mm for drip irrigation. The average soil evaporation accounted for 5% of ET in 2015 and 14% of ET in 2016 for drip irrigation treatments, while it accounted for 4% and 13% of ET for basin irrigation treatments in the two experimental years, indicating that transpiration was the dominant component of ET of processing tomato under plastic mulch in Hetao. The highest water productivity was obtained from the drip irrigation treatment. The SIMDualKc model is an appropriate tool to estimate crop ET and may be further used to improve local irrigation scheduling for processing tomato in the upper reaches of the Yellow river.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Water and Nitrogen Application on Yields and Water-use Efficiency of Tomato and Pepper in Sandy Soil

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 981C-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Johannes Scholberg ◽  
Michael Dukes ◽  
Hannah Snyder ◽  
Rafael Munoz-Carpena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Several practices have been adopted to minimize water use and potential N leaching of vegetable production systems, including use of drip irrigation, plastic mulch, and fertigation. However, these practices may not be adequate on sandy soils with poor water and nutrient retention capacities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the interactive effects of irrigation practices and fertilizer rates on yield, fertilizer requirements, and N-leaching of pepper and tomato production systems. Bell pepper and tomato were planted on plastic mulched to evaluate the effects of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (154, 192, 288 kg·ha -1 N for pepper vs. 166, 208, and 312 kg·ha-1 N for tomato) and three irrigation scheduling methods were evaluated. Depending on sensor readings, soil moisture sensor (SMS) irrigation treatments allowed up to five watering events per day where as for the fixed duration treatment irrigation was applied once a day. For tomato, the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) was also evaluated. Compared to TIME, use of SMS control system reduced water use by 29& to 44% and 37% to 66% for tomato and pepper, respectively. Tomato yield was significantly higher on SMS and SDI treatments compared to TIME treatments. For pepper yield and biomass accumulation were not affected by irrigation treatments. The average yields were 24.6 and 27.8 Mg·ha-1 of fresh marketable fruits for pepper and tomato, respectively. Nitrogen rate did not affect yield and optimal yield N rate did not affect yield for either crop. On average, SMS treatments increased irrigation water use efficiency 2–3 times compared to TIME treatments for both tomato and pepper.

scholarly journals Yellow Squash and Zucchini Cultivar Evaluation in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Timothy Coolong
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Yellow Gene ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Standard Production

Ten yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo) and nine zucchini (C. pepo) cultivars were evaluated in southwest Georgia during spring and fall growing seasons in 2014 and 2015. Plants were grown using plastic mulch and drip irrigation following standard production practices for squash in Georgia. Plants were harvested 10 to 13 times during each study season. Fruit were graded into fancy, medium, and culls. Virus pressure was low during the trials. For yellow squash yields, there were significant cultivar by season interactions; however, Solstice, a straightneck yellow squash, and Gentry, a crookneck cultivar, were consistently among the highest yielding yellow types. Despite having no documented virus resistance, ‘Gentry’ performed well during the fall season. However, ‘Precious II’, a yellow straightneck cultivar with the presence of the precocious yellow gene, experienced high cull rates in the fall due to virus effects on the fruit. There was a year by season by cultivar interaction for zucchini yield. Despite this interaction, ‘Respect’ was ranked among the highest yielding cultivars in all four seasons of the trial. Differences were also observed between seasons for yellow and zucchini squash, with fall yields generally being lower than those in the spring. The results of this study suggest significant differences in the adaptability of squash cultivars for spring and fall production in Georgia. In addition, virus resistance, while important, should not be the exclusive factor for determining cultivars for fall-planted squash in Georgia.

Impact of Irrigation Methods, Irrigation Scheduling and Mulching on Seed Yield and Water Productivity of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kumar ◽  
Santosh S Mali ◽  
A K Singh ◽  
B P Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Basin Irrigation ◽  
Horizontal Spread

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of irrigation methods and mulching in seed production of chickpea. Irrigation methods included drip with mulch (DM), drip without mulch (DNM) and check basin (CB) irrigation. Drip irrigation was scheduled at 1-day, 2-day and 7 days interval, while farmers’ practice of check basin irrigation at 7-day interval was considered as control. Plant parameters like height, horizontal spread, dry matter, root length and root spread, and number of pods were significantly influenced by irrigation levels and mulch. Seed yield of 17.7 and 16.8 q/ha was recorded for DM having 1-day and 2-day interval, respectively, which was about 82 and 73% higher over the control. The harvest index increased with increasing irrigation interval and was highest (57.4) under treatments with longer irrigation interval (DM7, DNM7 and CB7). Drip irrigation at 1-day and 2-day interval recorded the water productivities of 0.54 and 0.52 kg/m3, respectively as against 0.30 kg/m3 recorded in farmers practice. Polythene mulch with drip irrigation at 2-day irrigation interval is recommended for improving the yields and water productivity of chickpea cultivated under eastern plateau and hill region of India.

scholarly journals Energy partitioning and evapotranspiration over a black locust plantation in the Yellow River Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Zhenyu Du ◽  
Qingshan Yang ◽  
Jinsong Zhang ◽  
Yongtao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sea Wind

Woody plantations play a curtail role in ecological security along coastal zones. Understanding of energy partitioning and evapotranspiration (ET) over black locust plantations can reveal land-atmosphere interaction process and help us to optimize this plantation for land management in the Yellow River Delta. In this study, we investigated energy fluxes, ET in particular, and their related biophysical factors using eddy covariance techniques over a black locust plantation in 2016, 2018, and 2019. Downward longwave radiation offsets 84%–85% of upward longwave radiation, upward shortwave radiation accounted for 12%–13% of downward shortwave radiation, and the ratio of net radiation (Rn) to downward radiation was 18%–19%in the three years. During growing seasons, latent heat flux was the largest components among radiation balance terms; during non-growing seasons, sensible heat flux was a dominant component. ET was mainly controlled by Rn, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit and leaf area index (LAI). Annual ET was smaller than the sum of precipitation and irrigation, and cumulative ET was larger than cumulative precipitation during non-growing seasons. The phenology of black locust influenced the seasonal variation in daily ET, mainly via LAI. ET was larger under sea wind than under land wind, mainly because soil water content at 10-cm depth was greater under sea wind in daytime. Seasonal patterns of daily evaporative fraction, Bowen ratio, crop coefficient, Priestley–Taylor coefficient, surface conductance (gs), and decoupling coefficient were mainly controlled by LAI, and the threshold value of daily gs was approximately 8 mm s−1 over the studied plantation.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Sand Interlayer on Soil Evaporation during the Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Period in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jing Xue ◽  
Huijun Feng ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xiuqing Zheng ◽  
Qi Du
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Yellow River Basin ◽  
Thaw Period

Reducing soil evaporation in arid and semi-arid areas of the Yellow River Basin greatly benefits the efficient utilization of water resources in winter and spring, particularly during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. We conducted a field experiment in winter to understand the influences of different sand interlayers (depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm and particle sizes of 0.5–1.5 mm and 2.0–2.5 mm) on soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. The results show that the sand interlayer reduced soil evaporation during the seasonal freeze–thaw period. Decreasing the depth of the sand layer was more effective at reducing the evaporation than increasing the grain size. Soil evaporation reduced as the sand interlayer approached the surface. With constant particle size, total soil evaporation decreased by 40%, 20%, and 18% for sand interlayer depths of 5, 10, and 15 cm, respectively, compared to the homogeneous soil column. With a constant sand interlayer depth, the inhibition of soil evaporation for a particle size of 0.5–1.5 mm was clear. That is significant for improving the efficient utilization of water resources and sustainable development of agriculture in the Yellow River Basin.

Weed Control, Yield, and Quality of Processing Tomato Production under Different Irrigation, Tillage, and Herbicide Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kipp F. Sutton ◽  
W. Thomas Lanini ◽  
Jefferey P. Mitchell ◽  
Eugene M. Miyao ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Germination And Growth

A field experiment was conducted near Davis, CA, during the 2003 and 2004 summer growing seasons to compare weed control, yield, and fruit quality in different irrigation and tillage systems in processing tomato. Trial design was a subplots with the main plots as subsurface drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, subplots were standard tillage or conservation tillage, and sub-subplots were herbicide or no herbicide. The hypothesis was that subsurface drip irrigation could limit surface soil wetting and thus inhibit germination and growth of weeds equal to or better than standard tillage and/or herbicides. In both 2003 and 2004, weed densities in the subsurface drip irrigation treatments were over 98% lower than the levels in furrow irrigation treatments. In addition, weed densities were lower in the subsurface drip–conservation till–no herbicide treatment than in any of the furrow irrigation treatments, including the furrow irrigation–standard tillage–herbicide treatments. The time required for a hand-hoeing crew to remove weeds was 5 to 13 times greater in furrow irrigation treatments compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. Weed biomass on beds at tomato harvest was 10 to 14 times greater in the furrow systems as compared to the subsurface drip irrigation systems. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of subsurface drip irrigation in controlling weed germination and growth, compared to tillage or herbicide applications. Tomato yield was higher in the subsurface drip irrigation treatment compared to furrow irrigation in 2004. Herbicide treatment increased yield in 2004, but only in the furrow irrigation treatment in 2003. Fruit brix level was not related to treatment in 2003, but was lower in the subsurface drip irrigation plots in 2004. These results indicate that subsurface drip irrigation can reduce weed competition in conservation tillage systems, without requiring herbicide applications.

Improvement Of Basin Irrigation For Water Savings And Salinity Control In The Yellow River Basin, China

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Fabião ◽  
A. A. Campos ◽  
L. S. Pereira ◽  
J. M. Gonçalves ◽  
Y. N. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Salinity Control ◽  
Basin Irrigation ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

scholarly journals Study on Fluid Movement Characteristics inside the Emitter Flow Path of Drip Irrigation System Using the Yellow River Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Ji Feng ◽  
Weinan Wang ◽  
Haisheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
River Water ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Movement Characteristics

Vigorously developing efficient water-saving agricultural technologies using the Yellow River Water is an important way to achieve sustainable use of water resources. In order to clarify the fluid movement characteristics inside the flow path of the emitter under complicated water quality conditions in a drip irrigation system using the Yellow River Water, the optimal simulation turbulence model for the flow field in the flow path of the emitter was determined by comparing the macroscopic hydraulic characteristics with the microscopic fluid motion characteristics of the fluid in the emitter. On this basis, the two-phase flow model was used to calculate and analyze the characteristics of water flow movement and particle transport in the emitter. The results show that the RNG (Re- normalization group) k-ε turbulence model was the most suitable for the simulation of the flow field in the emitter, considering the macroscopic hydraulic performance and microscopic anti-clogging ability of the emitter synthetically, and both the comprehensive calculation accuracy and the calculation efficiency. The pressure showed a step-like uniform decrease along the direction of water flow. The fluid flow showed the regional movement characteristics of the mainstream and non-mainstream regions. The energy dissipation mainly occurred at the sudden change sites of the flow path structure. The particle phase velocity was slightly lower than that of the water phase. The velocity at the near-wall surface was relatively lower than that at the center, and the velocity distribution along the depth direction of the flow path was relatively uneven. The sediment was mainly deposited in the first half of the flow path. This study can provide a theoretical basis for solving the emitter clogging in the drip irrigation systems applying water from the Yellow River.

Irrigation Scheduling For Water Savings And Salinity Control In The Yellow River Basin, China

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Campos ◽  
M. S. Fabião ◽  
L S. Pereira ◽  
J.M. Gonçalves ◽  
M. I. Valín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Salinity Control ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

scholarly journals A Case Study on Settling Process in Inclined-Tube Gravity Sedimentation Tank for Drip Irrigation with the Yellow River Water

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyuan Wang ◽  
Yunkai Li ◽  
Shumei Ren ◽  
Peiling Yang
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Sedimentation Tank ◽  
Inclined Tube ◽  
Gravity Sedimentation ◽  
Tank Bottom ◽  
Settling Process

A sedimentation tank which can remove fine sediment with low cost and high efficiency is of great significance for the wide application of drip irrigation techniques with the Yellow River water. In this study, the settling process of an inclined-tube gravity sedimentation tank which has high removal efficiency for fine particles in practice was thoroughly investigated. The sediment concentration distribution in the tank was measured by an optical back-scattering turbidimeter. The sediment thickness at the tank bottom was also measured. In addition, the size grading of sediment deposited at different positions on the tank bottom and at different heights in the inclined tubes was also measured by a laser particle size analyzer. It was found that the removal efficiency of fine sediment was 64.7–69.7% in the inclined-tube gravity sedimentation tank, which was higher than that of the sedimentation tank without inclined tubes (with a sediment removal rate of 20.7–32%). The sediment was mainly deposited in the flow adjustment area and settlement area with inclined tubes. A suitable height for the inclined tubes was 70–90 cm. In addition, the water inlet, baffle, and overflow weir in the tank negatively affected the fine sediment settling in two experiment cases. The experimental results enhance our understanding of the sedimentation characteristics in the tank, and indicate the direction for the subsequent structural optimization of the tank.

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