scholarly journals Effects of Aeration, Vegetation, and Iron Input on Total P Removal in a Lacustrine Wetland Receiving Agricultural Drainage

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Zou ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
Luying Wang ◽  
Sijian Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Total P ◽  
Lacustrine Wetland ◽  
P Removal

Influence of phosphorus scavenging by iron in contrasting dimictic lakes

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Hoffman ◽  
David E. Armstrong ◽  
Richard C. Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Internal Loading ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Regulatory Controls ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Internal regulatory controls of phosphorus (P) via iron (Fe) scavenging were quantified in four contrasting dimictic Wisconsin lakes: Mendota (eutrophic, calcareous), Fish (mesotrophic, calcareous), Devil’s (mesotrophic, noncalcareous), and Sparkling (oligotrophic, noncalcareous). Hypolimnetic enrichment of P was highest in Mendota and Devil’s and least in Fish and Sparkling. This enrichment was attributed mainly to internal loading in the noncalcareous lakes and regeneration of sedimenting epilimnetic P in the calcareous lakes. Differences in Fe scavenging efficiencies at fall turnover were related to hypolimnetic Fe:P molar ratios as well as Fe availability and its control by sulfate–sulfide chemistries. In the noncalcareous lakes with high hypolimnetic Fe enrichment (Fe:P > 2), 45% of whole-lake total P was removed. P removal was low (<20%) in the two calcareous lakes with minimal Fe enrichment (Fe:P < 2). These differences in hypolimnetic P enrichment and subsequent Fe scavenging at fall turnover help to explain the differences in the amount of P available for subsequent spring and summer primary production as well as the differences in trophic state of the four lakes.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

scholarly journals Quantification of biologically and chemically bound phosphorus in activated sludge from full-scale plants with biological P-removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Petriglieri ◽  
Jette F. Petersen ◽  
Miriam Peces ◽  
Marta Nierychlo ◽  
Kamilla Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

AbstractLarge amounts of phosphorus (P) are present in activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, where it exists in the form of metal salt precipitates or biologically bound into the biomass as nucleic acids, cell membrane components, and the extracellular polymeric substances or, in special polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), as intracellular polyphosphate. Only recently, methods that reliably allow an absolute quantification of the different P-fractions, such as sequential extraction, Raman microspectroscopy, solid-state 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, and solution state 31P NMR have been developed. This study combines these techniques to obtain a comprehensive P mass-balance of activated sludge from four wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR). The total content of P and various cations was measured by chemical analysis (ICP-OES), and different P fractions were extracted for chemical characterization. Chemically bound P constituted 38-69% of total P, most likely in the form of Fe, Mg, or Al minerals, while organically bound P constituted 7-9%. By using Raman microspectroscopy and solution state 31P NMR and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy before and after anaerobic P-release experiments, poly-P was quantified and constituted 22-54% of total P in the activated sludges and was found in approx. 25% of all bacterial cells. Moreover, Raman microspectroscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to quantify the species-specific intracellular poly-P of known PAO genera (Tetrasphaera, Ca. Accumulibacter, Dechloromonas) and other microorganisms known to possess high level of poly-P, such as the filamentous Ca. Microthrix. They were all abundant, as measured by quantitative-FISH and amplicon sequencing, and accumulated large amount of poly-P, depending on their cell-size, contributing substantially to the P-removal. Interestingly, in all four EBPR plants investigated, only 1-13% of total poly-P was stored by unidentified PAO, highlighting that most PAOs in the full-scale EBPR plants investigated are now known.HighlightsExhaustive P mass-balance of main organic and inorganic P-species in four EBPR plantsQuantification of poly-P of FISH-defined PAO and other species with high P contentTotal P content was 36-50 mgP/gSS of which 31-62% was in biomass and as poly-PA high fraction of all cells (25-30%) contained a high content of poly-PKnown PAOs contained almost all poly-P in the EBPR plants investigated

scholarly journals Multi-Year N and P Removal of a 10-Year-Old Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Agricultural Drainage Waters

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tolomio ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Maurizio Borin
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Drainage Waters ◽  
P Removal

Surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) can be effectively used to treat agricultural drainage waters, reducing N and P surface water pollution. In the Venice Lagoon drainage basin (northeastern Italy), an SFCW was monitored during 2007–2013 to assess its performance in reducing water, N, and P loads more than 10 years after its creation. Nitrogen concentrations showed peaks during winter due to intense leaching from surrounding fields. Phosphorus concentrations were higher after prolonged periods with no discharge, likely due to mobilization of P of the decomposing litter inside the basin. Over the entire period, N removal efficiency was 83% for NO3–N and 79% for total N; P removal efficiency was 48% for PO4–P and 67% for total P. Values were higher than in several other studies, likely due to the fluctuating hydroperiod that produced discontinuous and reduced outflows. Nitrogen outlet concentrations were reduced by the SFCW, and N removal ratios decreased with increasing hydraulic loading, while no strong correlations were found in the case of P. The SFCW was shown to be an effective long-term strategy to increase water storage and reduce N and P loads in the Venice Lagoon drainage basin.

Rationale and Implementation of a Strategy to Restore Urban Lakes in Berlin: Results after Ten Years of Phosphorus Removal

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klein
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Restoration Measures ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Abstract All lakes in the Berlin area have received excessive phosphorus loads during the last century. Restoration measures during the 1980s reduced the phosphorus input to three of these lakes considerably (from about 0.5-2 mg/L down to 0.005-0.02 mg/L total P). Although the chief measure—phosphate precipitation (flocculation, sedimentation and filtration)—reduced input to the greatest extent exercised so far worldwide, it became evident that such lakes may nevertheless need 4-6 years to show significant signs of recovery. Although the nutrient budget reacted rapidly, biocoenotic reactions differed between the lake types. The Berlin experience shows that urban lake areas cannot be restored by conventional sewage treatment and restoration techniques, but will need a great variety of additional techniques in order to show success. P- removal from the main inflow down to a few µg/L of total P is a minimum requirement. However, further well suited techniques have to be developed for the specific situation in each of the Berlin lakes in order to achieve nutrient removal to the extent which is in accordance with the present knowledge of eutrophication processes as well as with the special situation of each case. This refers to dosage of chemicals, removal of algae from treated surface water, filtration techniques, and hypolimnetic drainage. The costs of lake restoration in Berlin amount to less than 0.30 DM per m3 of treated water—a price which has demonstrated good results in the last few years. These results are of greatest importance for the further planning of water resources management, recreation, and for a safe drinking water supply for the growing urban area of reunified Berlin with its 4 million inhabitants.

scholarly journals P1401THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF PHOSPHATE FROM INTRACELLULAR FLUID DURING HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kikuchi ◽  
Hisaki Shimada ◽  
Ryo Karasawa ◽  
Masashi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Background and Aims In hemodialysis (HD) patients without residual renal function, almost all of phosphate (P) absorbed through intestine is eliminated with HD. To avoid hyperphosphatemia, which is major risk for mortality in HD patients, reduced P absorption and /or improved P removal efficiency should be required. The P elimination during HD from intracellular fluid (ICF) remarkably differs from that from extracellular fluid (ECF). Because the total P removal is too complicate to analyze, few studies about P removal efficiency have been performed. In this study, we tried to separately estimate the amount of P removal from ICF and ECF. Method Fifty-eight patients undergoing 4-hour HD with BMI 22±3 were enrolled this study. ECF and ICF volumes were considered respectively as 20% and 40% of body weight (BW). The amount of urea nitrogen (UN) removal (Run) was calculated using the values of serum UN concentration (UN0, UN4) and total body fluid (60% of BW) at pre and post HD as 0.6(UN0 x pre BW – UN4 x post BW). The amount of intradialytic total P removal (Rp) was calculated using the formula previously reported. At starting phase of HD, P is considered to be removed only from ECF, and from ECF and ICF at later stage. In initial hours, when P is removed only from ECF, serum P concentration change exponentially (P = KptP0) as serum UN concentration (UN = KuntUN0). (Where, Kun and Kp are exponential coefficient of UN and P respectively, t is time (min), P0 is serum P concentration before HD). If P outflow from ICF is disregarded, the exponential change in P persists, and serum P concentration at the end of 4-hour HD is Kp240P0. Consequently, the amount of P removal from ECF (Rp(ex)) was calculated as 0.2(P0 x preBW - Kp240P0 x postBW). The exponential coefficient in P change was reported to be 0.997788 times of that in UN. The amount of P removal from ICF (Rp(in)) was calculated as difference between Rp and Rp(ex). Each removal efficiency was calculate as Run/UN0, Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Intradialytic removal of P from ECF and ICF were compared with that of UN. Regression analysis was performed on 24 factors which might affect the efficiency. The relationship between drug administration and the removal efficiency was investigated as for 22 drugs. Results UN removal and P removal from ECF were closely related. Run and Rp(ex) had positive correlation (0.564, p&lt;0.001). And Run/UN0 also correlated positively to Rp(ex)/P0 (R=0.970, p&lt;0.001). Rp(ex)/P0 and P0 had a positive correlation (R=0.334, p&lt;0.01) as well as Run/UN0 and UN0 (R=0.382, p&lt;0.01). P removal from ICF showed different pattern. In comparison between P removal from ECF and ICF, removal amount showed positive correlation (R=0.634, p&lt;0.001), but removal efficiency showed no correlation(R=0.006, ns). Notably, Rp(in)/P0 and P0 had negative correlation (R=0.315, p&lt;0.02). Rp(in) accounted for 44.6±6.2% of Rp. On regression analysis concerning the 24 factors, only P0 and its confounding factors showed correlation with Rp(ex), Rp(in), Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0 were not affected with administration of 22 investigated drugs. To exclude the influence of P0 on Rp(in)/P0, adjusted Rp(in)/P0 (removal efficiency of P from ICF not affected by P0) was calculated. Investigation on iron containing P binders and ion exchange resins revealed each drug groups ameliorated adjusted Rp(in)/P0. Conclusion This is the first report to analyze separately P removal from ECF and ICF during HD. Increased UN removal efficiency results in increased the removal efficiency of P from ECF, but did not improved that from ICF. Rp(in) accounts for about half of Rp. For improving total P removal efficiency, removal efficiency of P from ICF should be increased. Some drugs were suggested to increase removal efficiency of P from ICF.

scholarly journals Magnesium-Impregnated Biochar for the Removal of Total Phosphorous from Artificial Human Urine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.11) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Nurul Fariha Mohd Idrus ◽  
Nurul´ Ain Jamion ◽  
Qistina Omar ◽  
Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Md Ghazali ◽  
Zaiton Abdul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Sorbent Solution ◽  
Sorption Parameters ◽  
Sorption Study ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Biochar has an alkaline and porous structure that could be a potential material for recycling phosphorous (P) from urine. Sawdust (SD) was pyrolyzed to produce sawdust biochar (SDB), and then impregnated with magnesium (Mg) to produce Mg-impregnated biochar (SDBM). Artificial human urine (AHU) solution was used for a batch sorption study, and various sorption parameters (i.e., sorbent/solution ratio, pH of AHU, and initial total P concentration of AHU) were optimized. The concentration of total P was measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The surface morphology and elemental analysis for SDB, SDBM and the struvite-loaded SDBM (SMSDB) were investigated using scanning electron spectroscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The total P sorption capacity for SDBM (32755 mg/g) was higher than that of SDB (7782 mg/g) and SD (10682 mg/g). The optimum total P removal for SDBM (21.2%) was achieved at a sorbent/solution ratio of 0.06g/L at pH 9. Sorption of total P may have occurred on the heterogeneous surface of SDBM. The presence of struvite crystals indicates that phosphate was adsorbed and then precipitated on the surface of SDBM.   

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERRIC SULPHATE FOR REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerijus GASIŪNAS
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Meat processing wastewater is heavily contaminated with phosphorus. It can be removed from wastewater by the use of flocculants. Phosphorus removal efficiency was estimated by treating wastewater with ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 percent of the active ingredient Fe3+ by weight. The research was conducted with wastewater pretreated in an aeration tank. Wastewater, containing 41.0 ± 3.5 mg l-1 of total phosphorus (TP), was dispensed into calibrated 1.0 liter containers with the following concentrations of flocculating agent: 0, 30, 75, 120, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1,050 mg/l. The study showed that TP removal efficiency depends on the flocculant dose used for treatment. Increasing the flocculant dose decreases the efficiency of TP removal. One gram of Fe3+, given the flocculant dose of 40 gFe3+/m3, removed 0.5 g/m3 of TP, while 120 g/m3 of the flocculant removed around 40 percent less. According to the dependence of total P removed on the flocculant dose calculated by its active ingredient Fe3+, ferric sulphate flocculant is the most effective at doses of up to 60–80 g/m3 of Fe3+. The use of ferric sulphate may be limited by its impact on pH and sulphate concentrations in the effluent wastewater. If pH is not additionally adjusted, a maximum concentration of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used in order to maintain the pH of wastewater above 6.5 and to keep final sulphate concentration below 300 mg/l. In summary, a maximum of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used based on the total P removal efficiency and limiting factors. Such dose could remove 28 g total P/m3 from the wastewater. Since the permissible total P concentration in effluent wastewater is 4.0 mg/l, it is reasonable to use the ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 % of Fe3+ as an active ingredient, for treating wastewater with an initial total P concentration of up to 32 mg/l.

scholarly journals Treatment of Agricultural Drainage Water by Surface-Flow Wetlands Paired with Woodchip Bioreactors

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pugliese ◽  
Henrik Skovgaard ◽  
Lipe R. D. Mendes ◽  
Bo V. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Total N ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Nutrient Mass Balance ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Nutrient losses from agricultural fields have long been a matter of concern worldwide due to the ecological disturbance this can cause to surface waters downstream. In this paper a new design concept, which pairs a surface-flow constructed wetland (SFW) with a woodchip bioreactor (WB), was tested in relation to its capacity to reduce both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads from agricultural tile drainage water. A nutrient mass balance and a comparative analysis were carried out together with statistical regressions in order to evaluate the performance of four SFW+WBs under different catchment conditions. We found marked variations between the systems in regard to hydraulic loading rate (0.0 to 5.0 m/day) and hydraulic retention time (1 to 87 days). The paired system worked as nutrient sinks throughout the study period. Total N and total P removal efficiencies varied from 8% to 51% and from 0% to 80%, respectively. The results support the use of the new design concept for nutrient removal from tile-drained agricultural catchments in Denmark as part of national management plans, with the added advantage that smaller areas are needed for construction (0.1% to 0.2% of the catchment area) in comparison to standalone and currently used SCWs (~1%).

scholarly journals Combined Precipitation/Flocculation Method for Nutrient Recovery from Greenhouse Wastewater

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Siobhan Dunets ◽  
Youbin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Lime Addition

Phosphorus (P) pollution from greenhouse wastewater is currently a major issue. A treatment method that can efficiently remove P concentrations ([P]) that fluctuate between greenhouse systems and throughout the year is required. An ideal method would also recover nutrients in a reuseable form. A combined precipitation/flocculation process incorporating addition of lime and a biodegradable flocculant (guar gum, cationic starch, or chitosan) was investigated for providing optimized P removal and recovery. Effectiveness of this process was evaluated in simulated wastewater of low and high alkalinity, as well as real greenhouse wastewater. Precipitation via lime addition reduced total P to below 1 mg·L−1 in low-alkalinity simulated wastewater, but high alkalinity slightly inhibited separation. This inhibition was overcome by flocculation via guar gum or cationic starch addition, which improved separation efficiency and reduced separation time, although chitosan was ineffective as a flocculant. The precipitation/flocculation method was found to be effective for treating real greenhouse wastewater, although effectiveness varied with variation in wastewater composition. Recovered precipitate contained 57.4 g·kg−1 P as well as high levels of Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Zn. This study demonstrates a P separation process incorporating lime and biodegradable flocculants could provide a means of reducing P in greenhouse wastewater below a 1 mg·L−1 regulatory limit in a settling time of less than 30 minutes, while simultaneously recovering P and other nutrients in a form that could be reused as fertilizer. An evaluation of viability of full-scale application of this technology is now warranted.

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