scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERRIC SULPHATE FOR REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM MEAT PROCESSING WASTEWATER

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerijus GASIŪNAS
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Ferric Sulphate ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Meat processing wastewater is heavily contaminated with phosphorus. It can be removed from wastewater by the use of flocculants. Phosphorus removal efficiency was estimated by treating wastewater with ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 percent of the active ingredient Fe3+ by weight. The research was conducted with wastewater pretreated in an aeration tank. Wastewater, containing 41.0 ± 3.5 mg l-1 of total phosphorus (TP), was dispensed into calibrated 1.0 liter containers with the following concentrations of flocculating agent: 0, 30, 75, 120, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1,050 mg/l. The study showed that TP removal efficiency depends on the flocculant dose used for treatment. Increasing the flocculant dose decreases the efficiency of TP removal. One gram of Fe3+, given the flocculant dose of 40 gFe3+/m3, removed 0.5 g/m3 of TP, while 120 g/m3 of the flocculant removed around 40 percent less. According to the dependence of total P removed on the flocculant dose calculated by its active ingredient Fe3+, ferric sulphate flocculant is the most effective at doses of up to 60–80 g/m3 of Fe3+. The use of ferric sulphate may be limited by its impact on pH and sulphate concentrations in the effluent wastewater. If pH is not additionally adjusted, a maximum concentration of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used in order to maintain the pH of wastewater above 6.5 and to keep final sulphate concentration below 300 mg/l. In summary, a maximum of 70 g Fe3+/m3 can be used based on the total P removal efficiency and limiting factors. Such dose could remove 28 g total P/m3 from the wastewater. Since the permissible total P concentration in effluent wastewater is 4.0 mg/l, it is reasonable to use the ferric sulphate flocculant, containing 11.5 % of Fe3+ as an active ingredient, for treating wastewater with an initial total P concentration of up to 32 mg/l.

scholarly journals P1401THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF PHOSPHATE FROM INTRACELLULAR FLUID DURING HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kikuchi ◽  
Hisaki Shimada ◽  
Ryo Karasawa ◽  
Masashi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Intracellular Fluid ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Background and Aims In hemodialysis (HD) patients without residual renal function, almost all of phosphate (P) absorbed through intestine is eliminated with HD. To avoid hyperphosphatemia, which is major risk for mortality in HD patients, reduced P absorption and /or improved P removal efficiency should be required. The P elimination during HD from intracellular fluid (ICF) remarkably differs from that from extracellular fluid (ECF). Because the total P removal is too complicate to analyze, few studies about P removal efficiency have been performed. In this study, we tried to separately estimate the amount of P removal from ICF and ECF. Method Fifty-eight patients undergoing 4-hour HD with BMI 22±3 were enrolled this study. ECF and ICF volumes were considered respectively as 20% and 40% of body weight (BW). The amount of urea nitrogen (UN) removal (Run) was calculated using the values of serum UN concentration (UN0, UN4) and total body fluid (60% of BW) at pre and post HD as 0.6(UN0 x pre BW – UN4 x post BW). The amount of intradialytic total P removal (Rp) was calculated using the formula previously reported. At starting phase of HD, P is considered to be removed only from ECF, and from ECF and ICF at later stage. In initial hours, when P is removed only from ECF, serum P concentration change exponentially (P = KptP0) as serum UN concentration (UN = KuntUN0). (Where, Kun and Kp are exponential coefficient of UN and P respectively, t is time (min), P0 is serum P concentration before HD). If P outflow from ICF is disregarded, the exponential change in P persists, and serum P concentration at the end of 4-hour HD is Kp240P0. Consequently, the amount of P removal from ECF (Rp(ex)) was calculated as 0.2(P0 x preBW - Kp240P0 x postBW). The exponential coefficient in P change was reported to be 0.997788 times of that in UN. The amount of P removal from ICF (Rp(in)) was calculated as difference between Rp and Rp(ex). Each removal efficiency was calculate as Run/UN0, Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Intradialytic removal of P from ECF and ICF were compared with that of UN. Regression analysis was performed on 24 factors which might affect the efficiency. The relationship between drug administration and the removal efficiency was investigated as for 22 drugs. Results UN removal and P removal from ECF were closely related. Run and Rp(ex) had positive correlation (0.564, p<0.001). And Run/UN0 also correlated positively to Rp(ex)/P0 (R=0.970, p<0.001). Rp(ex)/P0 and P0 had a positive correlation (R=0.334, p<0.01) as well as Run/UN0 and UN0 (R=0.382, p<0.01). P removal from ICF showed different pattern. In comparison between P removal from ECF and ICF, removal amount showed positive correlation (R=0.634, p<0.001), but removal efficiency showed no correlation(R=0.006, ns). Notably, Rp(in)/P0 and P0 had negative correlation (R=0.315, p<0.02). Rp(in) accounted for 44.6±6.2% of Rp. On regression analysis concerning the 24 factors, only P0 and its confounding factors showed correlation with Rp(ex), Rp(in), Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0. Rp(ex)/P0 or Rp(in)/P0 were not affected with administration of 22 investigated drugs. To exclude the influence of P0 on Rp(in)/P0, adjusted Rp(in)/P0 (removal efficiency of P from ICF not affected by P0) was calculated. Investigation on iron containing P binders and ion exchange resins revealed each drug groups ameliorated adjusted Rp(in)/P0. Conclusion This is the first report to analyze separately P removal from ECF and ICF during HD. Increased UN removal efficiency results in increased the removal efficiency of P from ECF, but did not improved that from ICF. Rp(in) accounts for about half of Rp. For improving total P removal efficiency, removal efficiency of P from ICF should be increased. Some drugs were suggested to increase removal efficiency of P from ICF.

Full Scale Study of Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 297-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Murakami ◽  
Atsushi Miyairi ◽  
Kazuhiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

In Japan various biological phosphorus removal processes have recently been researched by laboratory or pilot plant scale studies and most of them have shown good results. Based on these results, the Japan Sewage Works Agency has conducted a full scale study of the biological phosphorus removal process from June 1982 until February 1983, which was the first full scale operation of this process in Japan. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate phosphorus removal efficiency and also nitrogen removal efficiency of the process and in addition, to ascertain the important operating factors of the process. For the study a treatment train of a large scale sewage treatment plant was remodelled. The aeration tank of 3.825 m3 volume was divided into four equal cells. The whole train including return sludge line was operated entirely independently of the other trains. During the experiment the train was operated under two different modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2. In Mode 1, the train was operated as an A/O process, the first cell of the aeration tank being anaerobic and the other cells oxic. In Mode 2, the train was operated as a Modified Phoredox process. In this case, the first cell was anaerobic, but the second cell was anoxic and nitrified liquor was returned to it from the end of the oxic cells. Mode 1 and Mode 2 were further divided into many ‘runs' and the flow rate varied between 12,550 m3 d−1 and 25,270 m3 d−1 , corresponding to retention times of 7.3 hours and 3.6 hours, respectively. Throughout the experimental period the mean value of influent (primary effluent) total-P concentration was 3.38 mg 1−1 , and that of the final effluent was 0.47 mg 1−1 . A cumulated frequency curve of the data showed that about 93% of measured effluent total-P was below 1.0 mg l−1 . Therefore, it can be concluded that with these influent total-P levels, biological phosphorus removal processes can sufficiently satisfy the effluent standard of 1 mg 1−1 total-P. Even when the process was operated as a Modified Phoredox Process, no obstruction to phosphorus removal because of nitrification was observed and phosphorus removal remained good. However, since the sewage treatment plant treated influent from a combined sewerage system, phosphorus removal was sometimes affected by heavy rainfalls. In such cases phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell was insufficient because of increased influent NOx concentration and accordingly increased denitrification level in the anaerobic cell. Therefore, as a result, enhanced phosphorus uptake in the following cells could not be observed. Higher process stability can be expected if an effective countermeasure to high influent NOx concentration can be made. Influence of flow rate fluctuation on the process was also studied. The treatment train was operated for a week under a daily flow rate fluctuation pattern which ranged between 460 m3 hr−1 and 820 m3 hr−1 . Nevertheless, the effluent total-P concentration showed no increase and stayed constantly lower than 0.5 mg 1−1. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) was an effective control index to evaluate the degree of phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell. Water temperature did not affect phosphorus release and uptake rates.

Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the BUCT–IFAS process by bypass flow strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Bai ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Bypass Flow ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
University Of Cape Town ◽  
P Removal

A University of Cape Town process coupled with integrated fixed biofilm and activated sludge system was modified by bypass flow strategy (BUCT–IFAS) to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the wastewater containing insufficient carbon source. This process was operated under different bypass flow ratios (λ were 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, respectively) to investigate the effect of different operational modes on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal efficiency (λ = 0 was noted as common mode, other λ were noted as bypass flow mode), and optimizing the N and P removal efficiency by altering the λ. Results showed that the best total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal performances were achieved at λ of 0.6, the effluent TN and TP averaged 14.0 and 0.4 mg/L meeting discharge standard (TN < 15 mg/L, TP < 0.5 mg/L). Correspondingly, the TN and TP removal efficiencies were 70% and 94%, respectively, which were 24 and 41% higher than those at λ of 0. In addition, the denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rates were increased by 23% and 23%, respectively, compared with those at λ of 0. These results demonstrated that the BUCT–IFAS process was an attractive method for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater containing insufficient carbon source.

scholarly journals Lab-Scale Column Study on Phosphorus Removal from Synthetic Wastewater by Filtralite P and Iron Filings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Kirjanova ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika ◽  
Kristina Zopelytė
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Column Study ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
P Removal

Column study was performed in order to compare phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) removal capacity of iron filings and Filtralite P. The experiment with two vertical downflow columns (0.05 in diameter and with 0.9 m medium height) feeding synthetic wastewater was carried out over a period of 66 days at wastewater temperature of 17.2–21.8 ºC. The study also aimed to determine the effect of submergence of the medium on Filtralite P PO4-P removal potential. During the experiment the submerged Filtralite P sorbed almost double amount of PO4-P (1581 mg PO4-P/kg filter material or 662 mg PO4-P/m3 filter material) compared to the unsubmerged (881 mg PO4-P/kg filter material or 369 mg PO4-P/m3 filter material). In both cases PO4-P removal efficiency exceeded 90 % when pH in the effluent was higher than 9.5. Through the experimental period the iron filings removed 2249 mg PO4-P/kg filter material. When evaluating the amount of removed PO4-P per volume of filter material, the iron filings removed 2164 mg PO4-P/m3 filter material, i. e. 3.3 times more than the submerged Filtralite P did. In the case of iron filings the largest PO4-P amount was removed in the top layer (0–30 cm) of the filter material. The amount of removed PO4-P decreased and PO4-P removal efficiency increased with depth of the medium: in the top layer (0–30 cm) PO4-P removal efficiency was 27 %, whereas in the bottom layer (60–90 cm) it reached 44 %. The same tendency of PO4-P removal efficiency was observed in the column with the submerged Filtralite P; however, the PO4-P removal efficiency in all layers of this filter material was lower in comparison with the iron filings.

Rationale and Implementation of a Strategy to Restore Urban Lakes in Berlin: Results after Ten Years of Phosphorus Removal

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klein
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Restoration Measures ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

Abstract All lakes in the Berlin area have received excessive phosphorus loads during the last century. Restoration measures during the 1980s reduced the phosphorus input to three of these lakes considerably (from about 0.5-2 mg/L down to 0.005-0.02 mg/L total P). Although the chief measure—phosphate precipitation (flocculation, sedimentation and filtration)—reduced input to the greatest extent exercised so far worldwide, it became evident that such lakes may nevertheless need 4-6 years to show significant signs of recovery. Although the nutrient budget reacted rapidly, biocoenotic reactions differed between the lake types. The Berlin experience shows that urban lake areas cannot be restored by conventional sewage treatment and restoration techniques, but will need a great variety of additional techniques in order to show success. P- removal from the main inflow down to a few µg/L of total P is a minimum requirement. However, further well suited techniques have to be developed for the specific situation in each of the Berlin lakes in order to achieve nutrient removal to the extent which is in accordance with the present knowledge of eutrophication processes as well as with the special situation of each case. This refers to dosage of chemicals, removal of algae from treated surface water, filtration techniques, and hypolimnetic drainage. The costs of lake restoration in Berlin amount to less than 0.30 DM per m3 of treated water—a price which has demonstrated good results in the last few years. These results are of greatest importance for the further planning of water resources management, recreation, and for a safe drinking water supply for the growing urban area of reunified Berlin with its 4 million inhabitants.

scholarly journals Biological phosphorus removal from edible oil effluent by anaerobic- aerobic sequencing batch reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Abel Jwili Manganyi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and treatability of process wastewater from an edible oil refining industry, which discharge its effluent into a sewer system. The main objective was to assess a laboratory scale treatment process that would produce effluent having a regulatory acceptable phosphate concentration (below 20 mgIL) prior to discharge into municipal sewer system. A single stage laboratory-scale anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (BPR-SBR) with a total volume adjustable up to 10L was designed for biological phosphorus removal. The BPR-SBR was run at 10 days sludge age, 8 hours hydraulic retention time and organic load of ~ 0.38 kg COD/kg MLSS.d for 158 days to evaluate its performance for bio-P removal efficiency. The BPR-SBR system showed a consistent P removal efficiency of up to 78.40 %, 80.15 % COD and 72.43 % FOG reduction. The laboratory scale study has demonstrated that the SBR technology is suitable for treating wastewater from edible oil producing industry.

Anoxic phosphorus removal by denitrifying heterotrophic bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lacko ◽  
G.D. Drysdale ◽  
F. Bux
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
P Removal

The unexplained occurrence of anoxic phosphorus (P) accumulation has largely hampered modeling of nitrification denitrification biological excess P removal (NDBEPR) systems. The aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate and identify denitrifying - P accumulating heterotrophic bacteria (DPBs) from a NDBEPR system in order to evaluate anoxic P accumulation and the specific mechanisms involved. Results of the study showed various heterotrophic bacteria to be capable of anoxic P accumulation utilising nitrate (NO3) as electron acceptor. While Pseudomonas spp. predominated, Serratia spp. and Vibrio spp. demonstrated the most efficient anoxic P accumulation with 7.10 and 7.29 mgPO4-P/L removal, respectively, at an initial NO3 concentration of 13.54 mgNO3-N/L and P concentration of 16.34 mgPO4-P/L. Weaker DPBs were also identified which were only capable of accumulating small amounts of P at low initial P and NO3 concentrations due to weak denitrification capacity. Anoxic P release was also observed due to the presence of acetate.

scholarly journals Supporting constructed wetlands in P removal efficiency from surface water

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2554-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bus ◽  
Agnieszka Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
P Removal

The research investigated the implementation of suspended reactive filters to support the phosphorus (P) removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). The reactive material (RM) used in this study was autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The laboratory experiment consists of four plastic boxes filled with the volume of 10 L of artificial P solution with three variants of RM mass to volume ratio: 1:1 (g:L), 5:1 (g:L), 10:1 (g:L), and the blind probe 0:1 (g:L) as a reference. AAC of different weights (10, 50 and 100 g) was wrapped in a filter bag, put into boxes, and suspended. After 30 days of the laboratory experiment, AAC was able to reduce the P-PO4 concentration from 2.972 mg·L−1 to: 0.341 mgPO4-P·L−1, 0.006 mgPO4-P·L−1 and 0.004 mgPO4-P·L−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g mass variant, respectively. This concentration reduction corresponds to unit sorption of: 2.53 mgP-PO4·g−1, 0.58 mgP-PO4·g−1 and 0.30 mgP-PO4·g−1 for 10 g, 50 g and 100 g, respectively. Based on the obtained data, the CW supporting filter was dimensioned to reduce the outflow P concentration to 0.01 mg·L−1. P removal efficiency prediction was calculated for Cetynia River, Poland.

scholarly journals SEWAGE PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL USING HEN EGGSHELLS THROUGH DIFFERENT CONTACT SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Curi de Siqueira ◽  
Mateus Pimentel de Matos ◽  
Ivan Célio Andrade Ribeiro ◽  
Ronaldo Fia ◽  
Antonio Teixeira de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
P Removal

Hen eggshell is a waste with high phosphorus (P) removal capacity from synthetic solutions. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how to use this material on P removal from real wastewater. The present study proposed to evaluate two types of system for P removal from wastewater using eggshells. On the first system, eggshells grinded, sieved in 0.425 mm, and contained in coffee filters, were fixed to baffles using calico cloth bags. On the second, the eggshells in the same conditions were attached to vertical wooden rods and distributed at different heights. For both systems, P concentration was daily monitored for four weeks, with and without medium acidification and hydraulic retention time of one day. The baffles system was more efficient, reaching a maximum removal of 15.93% in wastewater with pH 4.73. P removals did not differ significantly over the weeks; however, there is a tendency to vary the efficiencies according to the change in pH. The baffled tank, for presenting higher performance in P removal, is the most suitable for use in a domestic wastewater treatment system.

Biological Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal at an Experimental Full Scale Plant in the U.K.

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Best ◽  
C. J. Hatton ◽  
A. J. Rachwal ◽  
B. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Removal

A three year project to improve the performance of a conventional diffused air activated sludge plant was carried out on a 4000 m3/day stream at the Basingstoke Sewage Treatment Works of Thames Water Authority from 1981-1984. The modified plant named ROTANOX comprised the use of rotary flow through two adjacent aeration lanes with the introduction of an anoxic section for denitrification. In the last 12 months of the study an anaerobic zone was created at the front of the plant and, after establishment of the necessary operating conditions, biological phosphorus removal was monitored. An effluent with a mean of 4 mg/l BOD, 11 mg/l SS and 2 mg/l NH3-N was achieved during the first two years of operation and energy consumption was reduced by 15%. In the final year a mean total P removal of 5.7 mg/l was recorded with the highest monthly average being 10 mg/l removal. This was equivalent to mean percentage removal of 40% and 47% respectively.

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