scholarly journals Hughes’s Reverspectives: Radical Uses of Linear Perspective on Non-Coplanar Surfaces

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Papathomas ◽  
Patrick Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
The Road ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Physical Geometry ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Truncated Pyramid

Two major uses of linear perspective are in planar paintings—the flat canvas is incongruent with the painted 3-D scene—and in forced perspectives, such as theater stages that are concave truncated pyramids, where the physical geometry and the depicted scene are congruent. Patrick Hughes pioneered a third major art form, the reverse perspective, where the depicted scene opposes the physical geometry. Reverse perspectives comprise solid forms composed of multiple planar surfaces (truncated pyramids and prisms) jutting toward the viewer, thus forming concave spaces between the solids. The solids are painted in reverse perspective: as an example, the left and right trapezoids of a truncated pyramid are painted as rows of houses; the bottom trapezoid is painted as the road between them and the top forms the sky. This elicits the percept of a street receding away, even though it physically juts toward the viewer. Under this illusion, the concave void spaces between the solids are transformed into convex volumes. This depth inversion creates a concomitant motion illusion: when a viewer moves in front of the art piece, the scene appears to move vividly. Two additional contributions by the artist are discussed, in which he combines reverse-perspective parts with forced and planar-perspective parts on the same art piece. The effect is spectacular, creating objects on the same planar surface that move in different directions, thus “breaking” the surface apart, demonstrating the superiority of objects over surfaces. We conclude with a discussion on the value of these art pieces in vision science.

The Stability Control of Soft Soil Foundations of Urban Roads According to the Surface Subsidence Monitoring Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Liu ◽  
Jin Hua Tan ◽  
Xue Wen Su ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Surface Subsidence ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
The Stability

Two typical monitoring sections are selected for obtaining the change law of the surface subsidence and the settlement after construction of soft soil foundations, and determining the reasonable unloading time. The research results show that the surface settlement rate is large during the filling stage, the rate decreases after the loading and gradually stabilized. The embankment midline settlement is larger than the settlement of the road shoulder which is concluded from the fact that the subsidence of the middle settlement plate is larger than those of the left and right plate. The surface subsidence rate is less than 5mm per month during the two month before unloading according to the data in the tables. The settlement after construction presumed from the middle plate is more significantly larger than that of left and right sides, hence, as the unloading basis of preloading drainage method in soft soil foundation treatment the settlement after construction which is calculated from the midline monitoring data of the road is appropriate. After 6 months the calculated post-construction settlements of the two sections are in the scope of the design requirement since they decrease with preloading time. The reliable basis is provided for the future design and construction of soft foundation in this area through the research results.

scholarly journals Evaluating Geometric Characteristics of Planar Surfaces using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar Pathak ◽  
Sagar Kumar ◽  
Chitresh Nayak ◽  
NRNV Gowripathi Rao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Geometric Characteristic ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Modified Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Planar Surfaces

AbstractThis paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for the evaluation of geometric characteristics defining form and function of planar surfaces. The geometric features of planar surfaces are decomposed into four components; namely straightness, flatness, perpendicularity, and parallelism. A non-linear minimum zone objective function is formulated mathematically for each planar surface geometric characteristic. Finally, the result of the proposed method is compared with previous work on the same problem and with other nature inspired algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPSO algorithm is more efficient and accurate in comparison to other algorithms and is well suited for effective and accurate evaluation of planar surface characteristics.

Linear Perspective and the Renaissance Lyric

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-297
Author(s):  
Kimberly Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Geometric Effects ◽  
Formal Features

As recent art historical scholarship has demonstrated, the techniques of linear perspective displace narrative (the artwork's content) in favor of the relations between aesthetic objects (the artwork's form). In this regard, perspectival art performs a rhetorical transaction analogous to that of its “sister art,” lyric poetry. The formal features and poetic strategies of lyric parallel the geometric effects of perspectival art: both practices differentiate the aesthetic surface from the transparentizing demands of narrative. Each art form stages the interaction of irreconcilable terms—content and form—and documents the dynamic and incommensurable relation between semantic meaning and meaninglessness. Lyric's dominance in the Renaissance, exemplified here by sonnets of Sidney and Shakespeare, reflects a wider cultural valorization of the experiential and materializing priorities of the aesthetic, an affirmation of objective, apprehensible elements whose significance is unyoked from the obligation to narrative.

scholarly journals A Frequency Compensation Algorithm of Four-Wheel Coherence Random Road

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng ◽  
Xinjie Zhang ◽  
Konghui Guo ◽  
Fangwu Ma ◽  
Hamid Reza Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coherence Function ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Frequency Compensation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Compensation Algorithm ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Road Surface Roughness

The road surface roughness is the main source of kinematic excitation of a moving vehicle, which has an important influence on vehicle performance. In recent decades, random road models have been widely studied, and a four-wheel random road time domain model is usually generated based on the correlation of the four-wheel input, in which a coherence function is used to describe the coherence of the road input between the left and right wheels usually. However, during our research, there are some conditions that show that the road PSD (power spectral density) of one wheel is smaller than the other one on the same axle. Actually, it is caused by the uncorrelation between the left- and right-wheel road surface roughness. Hence, a frequency compensation algorithm is proposed to correct the deviation of the PSD of the road input between two wheels on the same axle, and it is installed in a 7-DOF vehicle dynamic study. The simulation result demonstrates the applicability of the proposed algorithm such that two-wheel road input deviation compensation has an important influence on vehicle performances, and it can be used for a control system installed in the vehicle to compensate road roughness for damper tuning in the future.

scholarly journals Algorithm for the Conformal 3D Printing on Non-Planar Tessellated Surfaces: Applicability in Patterns and Lattices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7509
Author(s):  
Consuelo Rodriguez-Padilla ◽  
Enrique Cuan-Urquizo ◽  
Armando Roman-Flores ◽  
José L. Gordillo ◽  
Carlos Vázquez-Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Hilbert Curve ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Projection Direction ◽  
Planar Surfaces

In contrast to the traditional 3D printing process, where material is deposited layer-by-layer on horizontal flat surfaces, conformal 3D printing enables users to create structures on non-planar surfaces for different and innovative applications. Translating a 2D pattern to any arbitrary non-planar surface, such as a tessellated one, is challenging because the available software for printing is limited to planar slicing. The present research outlines an easy-to-use mathematical algorithm to project a printing trajectory as a sequence of points through a vector-defined direction on any triangle-tessellated non-planar surface. The algorithm processes the ordered points of the 2D version of the printing trajectory, the tessellated STL files of the target surface, and the projection direction. It then generates the new trajectory lying on the target surface with the G-code instructions for the printer. As a proof of concept, several examples are presented, including a Hilbert curve and lattices printed on curved surfaces, using a conventional fused filament fabrication machine. The algorithm’s effectiveness is further demonstrated by translating a printing trajectory to an analytical surface. The surface is tessellated and fed to the algorithm as an input to compare the results, demonstrating that the error depends on the resolution of the tessellated surface rather than on the algorithm itself.

scholarly journals Choice-Related Activity during Visual Slant Discrimination in Macaque CIP but Not V3A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Caitlin Elmore ◽  
Ari Rosenberg ◽  
Gregory C. DeAngelis ◽  
Dora E. Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Orientation ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
3D Surface

AbstractCreating three-dimensional (3D) representations of the world from two-dimensional retinal images is fundamental to many visual guided behaviors including reaching and grasping. A critical component of this process is determining the 3D orientation of objects. Previous studies have shown that neurons in the caudal intraparietal area (CIP) of the macaque monkey represent 3D planar surface orientation (i.e., slant and tilt). Here we compare the responses of neurons in areas V3A (which is implicated in 3D visual processing and which precedes CIP in the visual hierarchy) and CIP to 3D oriented planar surfaces. We then examine whether activity in these areas correlates with perception during a fine slant discrimination task in which monkeys report if the top of a surface is slanted towards or away from them. Although we find that V3A and CIP neurons show similar sensitivity to planar surface orientation, significant choice-related activity during the slant discrimination task is rare in V3A but prominent in CIP. These results implicate both V3A and CIP in the representation of 3D surface orientation, and suggest a functional dissociation between the areas based on slant-related decision signals.Significance StatementSurface orientation perception is fundamental to visually guided behaviors such as reaching, grasping, and navigation. Previous studies implicate the caudal intraparietal area (CIP) in the representation of 3D surface orientation. Here we show that responses to 3D oriented planar surfaces are similar in CIP and V3A, which precedes CIP in the cortical hierarchy. However, we also find a qualitative distinction between the two areas: only CIP neurons show robust choice-related activity during a fine visual orientation discrimination task.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESTABILAN JALAN GIRIAN - KEMA PADA DAERAH PERBUKITAN MINAHASA UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Pricilia Imanuela Jozias ◽  
Gregorius Sandjaja Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
The Road ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Safe Condition

The construction of a highway in a hilly area requires attention to the stability of the land on which the road body is laid. On the widening of the road between the cities of Girian-Kema, North Sulawesi, the road body is designed to pass through hillside areas that have a slope of about 36°. In designing the road body in the hilly area must be considered the stability of the slopes on the left and right side of the road, the ability to support the soil and other structures so that the road is in a safe condition. To check the safety of this roadway, three locations of the most critically considered points will be selected to fail. At the location, slope stability analysis was carried out using the MIDAS GTS NX program and obtained the most critical security factors ranging between 1,1 and 1,4. To find out the carrying capacity of the soil, calculated the possibility of roads supporting the most extreme load using standard a crated load of 80 kN, from the analysis is known that the stress that occurs if strengthened with soil geogrid can support the load better by 46,1042 kN/m2, and obtained efficiency of 18,83%.Pembuatan jalan raya di daerah perbukitan memerlukan perhatian terhadap kestabilan tanah tempat badan jalan diletakkan. Pada pelebaran jalan antar kota Girian-Kema, Sulawesi Utara, badan jalan dirancang harus melewati daerah lereng perbukitan yang memiliki kemiringan lereng sekitar 36°. Dalam merancang badan jalan pada daerah perbukitan tersebut harus diperhatikan kestabilan lereng yang berada di kiri dan kanan jalan, kemampuan daya dukung tanah dan struktur lainnya agar jalan berada dalam kondisi aman. Untuk memeriksa keamanan lintasan jalan ini, dipilih tiga lokasi titik yang dianggap paling kritis akan mengalami kegagalan. Pada lokasi tersebut dilakukan analisis kestabilan lereng dengan menggunakan Program aplikasi MIDAS GTS NX dan diperoleh Faktor kemanan paling kritis berkisar antara 1,1 dan 1,4. Untuk mengetahui daya dukung tanah, dihitung kemungkinan jalan mendukung beban yang paling ekstrem menggunakan beban gandar standar 80 kN, dari analisis diketahui bahwa tegangan yang terjadi jika diperkuat dengan geogrid tanah dapat mendukung beban dengan lebih baik sebesar 46,1042 kN/m2, dan diperoleh efisiensi 18,83%.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of the road system connecting the left and right-bank part of Szczecin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (8) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stoeck
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Road System

The article presents the current problems of the road system connecting Prawobrzeże with other administrative districts of Szczecin. The analysis and calculations were carried out based on the criterion of evaluation, scores and measurements of their own. They were conducted in standard situations (without delay) and critical blockages occurring in the main thoroughfares of the city. The possibilities of mitigate the difficulties and disadvantages in view of the actual regions of their occurrence. The final results are presented in tabulated form.

scholarly journals Physiotherapeutic Applications of Biomechanical Opposing Indicators – Based on Measurements of Taekwon-Do Athlets

2017 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
Jacek Wąsik ◽  
Dorota Ortenburger ◽  
Tomasz Góra
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Kinematic Effect ◽  
The Road ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Left And Right

Background. In everyday life people constantly face the dilemma of speed and accuracy. The aim of the cognitive quantification was to increase the knowledge about kinematic effect of a target. The practical aim would be to apply kinematic effect of a target in clinical situations, to supply for physiotherapeutic programs. Material and Method. The analysis was performed 14 taekwondo ITF athletes. During research they performed front left and right kicks in a lateral standing position: into the air (without a physical target), to a table tennis ball hanging on a line and a training target. The laboratory for the analysis of movement named HML was used here. Results. The highest average maximum velocity was obtained by the kicks without a physical target (10,78 - 1,32 m/s for men and 8,51 - 1,50 m/s for women)(p<0,05), then to the shield (9,98 - 1,40 m/s for men and 8,28 - 1,59 m/s for women) (p<0,05) and to the ball (9,63 -0,94 m/s for men 7,73 - 2,01 m/s for women) (p<0,05). Discussion.The obtained results provided the argument supporting the thesis that the type of target influences on the method of solving the dilemma: the velocity of movement and its precision during a frontal kick. Both, in the case of women and men who practisetaekwon-do, lowering the velocity of a kick, performed towards a precisely established target, in comparison with the velocity of a kick without a precisely established physical target (into the air) was observed. For many people with the dysfunctions of the movement organs, everyday functioning, especially related to movement, makes a challenge. In such a case crossing the road at the green light in particular time or stepping on the escalator (the examples of such barriers are numerous) are the tasks that reveal the dilemma of velocity and precision. There are many factors that may support the efficiency of these efforts. One of them may be the feeling of the efficiency of activity that has a psychological character.

The Lock of the Heart Controversy in Taiwan, 1962–63: A Question of Artistic Freedom and a Writer's Social Responsibility

1985 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 462-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edel Lancashire
Keyword(s):  
New Techniques ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
The Road ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Face ◽  
Artistic Freedom ◽  
The Government

The early 1960s marked a period of intellectual and literary ferment in Taiwan. The East-West Controversy, which had its roots in the debate that took place in the middle of the last century regarding the continued validity of the Chinese tradition in the face of western military and economic superiority and in the controversy regarding westernization as the road to modernization in the 1930s, had broken out afresh. Creative writers, musicians and painters were experimenting with new forms and new techniques. As early as 1954 the writers of modern Chinese poetry had started the search for a more contemporary expression of their art form; and modern poetry societies, each with its own philosophy on how modernization should take place, had come into being. Writers of fiction who up till then had been almost exclusively concerned with the Sino-Japanese War; the mainland before the communist takeover in 1949, or the various aspects of the struggle against communism, were moving away from this kind of “propaganda-motivated writing” towards the production of “pure literature.” However, there were few modern Chinese creative writers of stature on whom either the poet or fiction writer could model himself. This was because of the ban imposed by the government in Taiwan on the works of writers prior to 1949 due to the association of many of them with communism or with ideologies unacceptable to the authorities. This meant that they had to seek for inspiration in the works of western writers which could be found in translation or in pirated versions of the original texts in the major cities of Taiwan. The traditionalists viewed this growing trend with alarm as did those writers who were closely associated with the Kuomintang. The latter had formed themselves during the early 1950s into three writers' associations, the China Association of Literature and Art, the Chinese Youth Writers' Association, and the Taiwan Women Writers' Association.

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