Location-Specific Orientation Set Is Independent of the Horizontal Benefit with or Without Object Boundaries

Zhe Chen; Ailsa Humphries; Kyle R. Cave

doi:10.3390/vision3020030

Location-Specific Orientation Set Is Independent of the Horizontal Benefit with or Without Object Boundaries

Vision ◽

10.3390/vision3020030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhe Chen ◽

Ailsa Humphries ◽

Kyle R. Cave

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Location ◽

Stimulus Configuration ◽

Attentional Set ◽

Target Configuration ◽

Visual Comparison ◽

Object Based ◽

Specific Orientation

Chen and Cave (2019) showed that facilitation in visual comparison tasks that had previously been attributed to object-based attention could more directly be explained as facilitation in comparing two shapes that are configured horizontally rather than vertically. They also cued the orientation of the upcoming stimulus configuration without cuing its location and found an asymmetry: the orientation cue only enhanced performance for vertical configurations. The current study replicates the horizontal benefit in visual comparison and again demonstrates that it is independent of surrounding object boundaries. In these experiments, the cue is informative about the location of the target configuration as well as its orientation, and it enhances performance for both horizontal and vertical configurations; there is no asymmetry. Either a long or a short cue can enhance performance when it is valid. Thus, Chen and Cave’s cuing asymmetry seems to reflect unusual aspects of an attentional set for orientation that must be established without knowing the upcoming stimulus location. Taken together, these studies show that a location-specific cue enhances comparison independently of the horizontal advantage, while a location-nonspecific cue produces a different type of attentional set that does not enhance comparison in horizontal configurations.

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Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100238 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 98-99

Author(s):

C. C. Clawson ◽

L. W. Anderson ◽

R. A. Good

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

New Method ◽

Microscope Examination ◽

Small Areas ◽

Selective Sampling ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149386 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

G. McMahon ◽

T. Malis

Keyword(s):

Particle Surface ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Physical Sciences ◽

Pull Out ◽

Large Particles ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Metal Wires ◽

Frequent Problem ◽

Specific Orientation ◽

Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

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