scholarly journals Recent Progress on Epidemiology and Pathobiology of Porcine Circovirus 3

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Guyu Niu ◽  
Linzhu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Affected Animal ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3

The recently discovered porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) belongs to the Circovirus genus of the Circoviridae family together with the other three PCVs, PCV1, PCV2, and PCV4. As reported, PCV3 can infect pig, wild boar, and several other intermediate hosts, resulting in single or multiple infections in the affected animal. The PCV3 infection can lead to respiratory diseases, digestive disorders, reproductive disorders, multisystemic inflammation, and immune responses. Up to now, PCV3 infection, as well as the disease caused by PCV3, has been reported in many swine farms worldwide with high positive rates, which indicates that the virus may be another important pathogen in the swine industry. Therefore, we reviewed the current progress on epidemiology and pathobiology of PCV3, which may provide the latest knowledge of the virus and PCV3-related diseases.

scholarly journals Sensitive detection of porcine circovirus 3 by droplet digital PCR

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Hecheng Meng ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Lili Li
Keyword(s):  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Droplet Digital Pcr ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Clinical Detection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
High Degree

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is a newly emerging virus that poses a potential threat to the swine industry. We developed a sensitive assay utilizing droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to detect PCV-3. Specificity of the assay was confirmed by the failure of amplification of DNA of other relevant viruses. The detection limit for ddPCR was 1 copy/μL, 10 times greater sensitivity than TaqMan real-time PCR (rtPCR). Both methods showed a high degree of linearity, although TaqMan rtPCR showed less sensitivity than ddPCR for clinical detection. Our findings indicate that ddPCR might offer faster and improved analytical sensitivity for PCV-3 detection.

scholarly journals Frequency of Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) in Healthy Primiparous and Multiparous Sows and Their Mummified Fetuses and Stillborn

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Saporiti ◽  
Susanna Martorell ◽  
Taís F. Cruz ◽  
Francini Klaumann ◽  
Florencia Correa-Fiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been suggested as a putative causal agent of swine reproductive disease. A number of different studies have pointed out this association, but there is still a lack of information regarding the normal rates of PCV-3 infection in farms with normal reproductive parameters. The objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of PCV-3 detection in primiparous and multiparous sows and in tissues from their respective fetuses from farms with average reproductive parameters. Sera from 57 primiparous and 64 multiparous sows from 3 different farms were collected at two time points. Brain and lung tissues from 49 mummies and 206 stillborn were collected at farrowing. Samples were tested by PCR, and when positive, quantified by quantitative PCR. Thirty-nine complete genomes were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed. All sera from multiparous sows were negative, while 19/57 (33.3%) primiparous sows were PCV-3 PCR positive. From the 255 tested fetuses, 86 (33.7%) had at least one tissue positive to PCV-3. The frequency of detection in fetuses from primiparous sows (73/91, 80.2%) was significantly higher than those from multiparous ones (13/164, 7.9%). It can be concluded that PCV-3 is able to cause intrauterine infections in absence of overt reproductive disorders.

scholarly journals Development and validation of direct PCR and quantitative PCR assays for the rapid, sensitive, and economical detection of porcine circovirus 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
Cinzia Centelleghe ◽  
Claudia M. Tucciarone ◽  
Mattia Cecchinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Since the identification of species Porcine circovirus 2, the relevance of genus Circovirus has increased given its impact on the swine industry. A new species ( Porcine circovirus 3, PCV-3) has been detected in association with various clinical conditions. Consequently, there is an urgent need for reliable and widely accessible tests for both routine diagnostic and research purposes. We developed a direct PCR (requiring no DNA extraction) and a quantitative (q)PCR targeting the conserved rep gene to detect the PCV-3 genome. Test performance was assessed by testing 120 field samples within different matrices. Both methods were sensitive (detection of 10 viral genome/µL), specific, and repeatable. The substantially perfect agreement between the 2 assays strongly supports their high sensitivity and specificity. The low cost and short processing time of the direct PCR protocol, together with the reliable quantitative results provided by qPCR, support the establishment of common testing guidelines.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3): A Novel Virus With a Yet Unknown Impact on the Swine Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francini Klaumann ◽  
Florencia Correa-Fiz ◽  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Marina Sibila ◽  
José I. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3

scholarly journals Milk Production and Reproductive Performance of Retained and Culled Cows in a Large Holstein Herd in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Nadia Hamdi Fahim ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Amin ◽  
Rabie Ragab Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study aimed to identify the culling reasons of Holstein cows raised in a large commercial herd in Egypt with emphasis on the performance of retained and culled cows. A total of 31534 complete lactation records for 10994 cows calved from 2008 to 2019 were used. The overall rate of culling per lactation was 61.1%. Involuntary culling represented 92% of all culling cases. The reasons for culling included mastitis and udder problems (24.2%), reproductive disorders (18.7%), metabolic and digestive disorders (13.6%), lameness (13%), endemic diseases (10.8%), low milk yield (8.1%), respiratory diseases (4.3%) and unknown causes (7.3%). Means of 305-day milk yield and daily milk yield were significantly lower in culled cows than the retained ones. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed between culled and retained cows for days open and the number of services/conception. The high involuntary culling rate of Holstein under the Egyptian conditions revealed that management practices regarding mastitis prevention and reproductive efficiency should be improved.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 3 Strains and the First Detection of Two Different PCV3 Strains Coinfecting the Same Host in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Sisdelli Assao ◽  
Marcus Rebouças Santos ◽  
Nívia Carolina Lopes Rosado ◽  
Gustavo Costa Bressan ◽  
Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
First Time

Abstract Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently emerged circovirus discovered in 2016, which since then has drawn the attention of the swine industry worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains in pig farms. A total of 261 samples from sows, weaning pigs, growing pigs, and stillborn/mummified fetuses were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed that PCV3 strains have at least two main lineages circulating in Brazil. For the first time, it was possible to detect the presence of two different PCV3 strains in the same host.

scholarly journals A Multivalent Vaccine Containing Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens Elicits Strong Immune Responses and Promising Protection in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Hoai Thu Dao ◽  
Woo-Sung Shin ◽  
Van Tan Do ◽  
Quang Lam Truong ◽  
Jong-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Multivalent Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Pleuropneumonia ◽  
Rtx Toxins ◽  
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia ◽  
Adhesin Protein

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) cause porcine pleuropneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia, respectively, and have serious impacts on the swine industry because they retard the growth of pigs. To protect pigs against these diseases, we have developed a multivalent vaccine consisting of App bacterins, APP RTX toxins (Apx toxins), and Mhp bacterin and adhesin protein. This vaccine induced the production of higher levels of antibodies against App and Mhp than the commercial vaccine (Nisseiken Swine APM Inactivated Vaccine). Furthermore, the vaccine efficiently protected pigs against virulent App challenge, showing promise as an efficient vaccine for the prevention of two important respiratory diseases, porcine pleuropneumonia and mycoplasmal pneumonia.

scholarly journals First detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in female donkeys with reproductive disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Wenqiong Chai ◽  
Yonghui Wang ◽  
Wenqiang Liu ◽  
Zetong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3

Abstract Background PCV3 is a pathogen associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like clinical signs, reproductive failure, and cardiac and multiorgan inflammation, which was newly identified in 2016 in sows in USA. Recently, PCV3 has also been identified from several non-porcine species like (cattle, dog, wild boar, deer, mice and ticks). However, PCV3 infection in donkey is not well established. Since 2019, 300 blood samples were collected from female donkey, which was characterized by abortion and sterility, in Liaocheng city of China. Results In the present study, an investigation of PCV3 in donkey blood samples was undertaken employing by real time PCR. Positive rates of PCV3 in donkeys reach to 21.0 %. In addition, one full-length PCV3 genome sequence was obtained, and it had a highest identity with porcine circovirus 3 PCV3/CN/Nanjing2017 strain and is clustered to PCV3a genotype based on ORF2 sequences. Conclusions This is the first report of detection of PCV3 from female donkeys presenting reproductive failure in large-scale donkey farms, China. In addition, the PCV3 strain identified in this study shared the closest relationship with those from porcine, suggesting that PCV3 may be transmitted from pigs to donkeys. Totally, PCV3 infection in donkey should be concerned although the association between it and reproductive failure are not better understood.

Molecular Characterization of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Pig Populations in the North of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Giap ◽  
Chung Hee Chun ◽  
Huynh Thi My Le ◽  
Cao Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Vu Thi Ngoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
The North ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3

scholarly journals Porcine Gammaherpesviruses in Italian Commercial Swine Population: Frequent but Harmless

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
Laura Grassi ◽  
Maria Luisa Menandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Differently from alpha- and betaherpesviruses affecting swine, interest in the recently discovered Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, Suid gammaherpesvirus 4, and Suid gammaherpesvirus 5, also known as porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3), has largely focused on their role as potential zoonotic agents in cases of xenotransplantation. However, their role as primary pathogens of swine or as co-factors for other lymphotropic infections has essentially been neglected. The present study aims at filling this gap, evaluating the association between PLHVs infection and different clinical conditions and/or porcine circovirus (PCV) co-infection. One hundred seventy-six samples were obtained from different animals located in a high-density pig area of Northern Italy in the period 2017–2020. The presence of PLHVs and PCVs was tested and quantified by specific real-time PCR: PLHVs were widespread among pigs (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3 prevalence was 28.97%, 10.79%, and 4.54%, respectively) and detected in all considered tissues and clinical conditions. Frequent co-infections were also observed among PLHVs and with PCVs, although a significant association was not detected with the exception of a positive interaction between PLHV-1 and PLHV-3, and a negative one between PLHV-2 and PCV-2. Significantly, no association between PLHVs, alone or in co-infection, emerged with any of the considered clinical signs, their frequency being comparable between healthy and diseased animals. Based on these pieces of evidence and despite their high prevalence, PLHVs’ relevance for the swine industry appears negligible, either as primary pathogens or as predisposing factors for circovirus-induced diseases.

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