scholarly journals Papillomaviruses in Domestic Cats

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
John S. Munday ◽  
Neroli A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Cell Regulation ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Human Cancers

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are well established to cause hyperplastic papillomas (warts) in humans and animals. In addition, due to their ability to alter cell regulation, PVs are also recognized to cause approximately 5% of human cancers and these viruses have been associated with neoplasia in a number of animal species. In contrast to other domestic species, cats have traditionally been thought to less frequently develop disease due to PV infection. However, in the last 15 years, the number of viruses and the different lesions associated with PVs in cats have greatly expanded. In this review, the PV life cycle and the subsequent immune response is briefly discussed along with methods used to investigate a PV etiology of a lesion. The seven PV types that are currently known to infect cats are reviewed. The lesions that have been associated with PV infections in cats are then discussed and the review finishes with a brief discussion on the use of vaccines to prevent PV-induced disease in domestic cats.

scholarly journals Role of Virally-Encoded Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Regulation of the Virus Life Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4438
Author(s):  
Jessica Proulx ◽  
Kathleen Borgmann ◽  
In-Woo Park
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzyme ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzymes ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dependent Processes

The ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in regulation of numerous cellular processes, including innate and adaptive immune responses that are essential for restriction of the virus life cycle in the infected cells. Deubiquitination by the deubiquitinating enzyme, deubiquitinase (DUB), is a reversible molecular process to remove Ub or Ub chains from the target proteins. Deubiquitination is an integral strategy within the UPS in regulating survival and proliferation of the infecting virus and the virus-invaded cells. Many viruses in the infected cells are reported to encode viral DUB, and these vial DUBs actively disrupt cellular Ub-dependent processes to suppress host antiviral immune response, enhancing virus replication and thus proliferation. This review surveys the types of DUBs encoded by different viruses and their molecular processes for how the infecting viruses take advantage of the DUB system to evade the host immune response and expedite their replication.

scholarly journals Survival correlation of immune response in human cancers

Oncotarget ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (64) ◽  
pp. 6885-6897
Author(s):  
Yuexin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Cancers

On Syngamus ierei sp. nov. from Domestic Cats, with some Observations on its Life-cycle

1934 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. C. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
A New Species

1. A new species of Syngamus from the pharynx and nares of domestic cats in Trinidad is described.2. The larval development from egg to 3rd stage larva is described with particular reference to the anatomy of the 3rd stage larva.3. An attempt to trace the life cycle of the worm by direct infection of cats with the 3rd stage larvae was unsuccessful. It is suggested that an intermediate host is essential in the life cycle of this species.

scholarly journals Inside Scoop on Outside Proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-923
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Dvorin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Essential Step

ABSTRACTInvasion into red blood cells is an essential step in the life cycle of parasites that cause human malaria. Antibodies targeting the key parasite proteins in this process are important for developing a protective immune response. In the current issue, Boyle and colleagues provide a detailed examination ofPlasmodium falciparuminvasion and specifically illuminate the fate of surface-exposed parasite proteins during and immediately after invasion.

scholarly journals Interspecific two-dimensional visual discrimination of faces in horses (Equus caballus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247310
Author(s):  
Giulia Ragonese ◽  
Paolo Baragli ◽  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Angelo Gazzano ◽  
Antonio Lanatà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Instrumental Conditioning ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Two Dimensional Image ◽  
Two Dimensional Images

In social animals, recognizing conspecifics and distinguishing them from other animal species is certainly important. We hypothesize, as demonstrated in other species of ungulates, that horses are able to discriminate between the faces of conspecifics and the faces of other domestic species (cattle, sheep, donkeys and pigs). Our hypothesis was tested by studying inter-and intra-specific visual discrimination abilities in horses through a two-way instrumental conditioning task (discrimination and reversal learning), using two-dimensional images of faces as discriminative stimuli and food as a positive reward. Our results indicate that 8 out of 10 horses were able to distinguish between two-dimensional images of the faces of horses and images showing the faces of other species. A similar performance was obtained in the reversal task. The horses’ ability to learn by discrimination is therefore comparable to other ungulates. Horses also showed the ability to learn a reversal task. However, these results were obtained regardless of the images the tested horses were exposed to. We therefore conclude that horses can discriminate between two dimensional images of conspecifics and two dimensional images of different species, however in our study, they were not able to make further subcategories within each of the two categories. Despite the fact that two dimensional images of animals could be treated differently from two dimensional images of non-social stimuli, our results beg the question as to whether a two-dimensional image can replace the real animal in cognitive tests.

Rhinencephalon and Behavior

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Schreiner ◽  
Arthur Kling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Copulatory Activity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behavior

Lesions of the rhinencephalon, primarily restricted to the amygdaloid complex, modify aggressive behavior of lynxes ( Lynx rufus), agoutis ( Dasyprocta agouti), monkeys ( Macacus rhesus) and domestic cats toward relative docility and precipitate a state of chronic hypersexuality. Relative docility was characterized by failure of the experimental animals to exhibit aggressive behavior, fear, or escape activity in the presence of threatening situations which precipitated such behavior in their preoperative periods. Hypersexuality was exhibited by marked increases in copulatory activity with males and females of their own and other animal species. It is concluded that the rhinencephalon and its diencephalic connections, in association with endocrine systems, are important regulators of emotional and sexual behavior of rodents, carnivores and primates.

Human glial cell regulation of immune response

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Jack P. Antel ◽  
Voon Wee Yong
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Cell Regulation
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