scholarly journals Fishing for the Virome of Tropical Tuna

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Elsa Gadoin ◽  
Christelle Desnues ◽  
Sonia Monteil-Bouchard ◽  
Thierry Bouvier ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Tropical Tuna

While planktonic viruses have received much attention in recent decades, knowledge of the virome of marine organisms, especially fish, still remains rudimentary. This is notably the case with tuna, which are among the most consumed fish worldwide and represent considerable economic, social and nutritional value. Yet the composition of the tuna virome and its biological and environmental determinants remain unknown. To begin to address this gap, we investigated the taxonomic diversity of viral communities inhabiting the skin mucus, gut and liver of two major tropical tuna species (skipjack and yellowfin) in individuals fished in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. While we found significant differences in the virome composition between the organs, this was totally independent of the tuna species or sex. The tuna virome was mainly dominated by eukaryotic viruses in the digestive organs (gut and liver), while bacteriophages were predominant in the mucus. We observed the presence of specific viral families in each organ, some previously identified as fish or human pathogens (e.g., Iridoviridae, Parvoviridae, Alloherpesviridae, Papillomaviridae). Interestingly, we also detected a ‘core virome’ that was shared by all the organs and was mainly composed of Caudovirales, Microviridae and Circoviridae. These results show that tuna host a mosaic of viral niches, whose establishment, role and circulation remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms from the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) as a Potential Natural Source of Antibacterial Compounds

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawrin Pech-Puch ◽  
Mar Pérez-Povedano ◽  
Patricia Gómez ◽  
Marta Martínez-Guitián ◽  
Cristina Lasarte-Monterrubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Agelasine B

A total of 51 sponges (Porifera) and 13 ascidians (Chordata) were collected on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) and extracted with organic solvents. The resulting extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against four multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens: the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the organic extracts of each marine organism were determined using a broth microdilution assay. Extracts of eight of the species, in particular the Agelas citrina and Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis, displayed activity against some of the pathogens tested. Some of the extracts showed similar MIC values to known antibiotics such as penicillins and aminoglycosides. This study is the first to carry out antimicrobial screening of extracts of marine sponges and ascidians collected from the Yucatan Peninsula. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extracts from the sponges Amphimedon compressa and A. citrina displayed, as a preliminary result, that an inseparable mixture of halitoxins and amphitoxins and (-)-agelasine B, respectively, are the major compounds responsible for their corresponding antibacterial activities. This is the first report of the antimicrobial activity of halitoxins and amphitoxins against major multidrug-resistant human pathogens. The promising antibacterial activities detected in this study indicate the coast of Yucatan Peninsula as a potential source of a great variety of marine organisms worthy of further research.

scholarly journals Fishing for the Bacteriome of Tropical Tuna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Gadoin ◽  
Christelle Desnues ◽  
Emmanuelle Roque d'Orbcastel ◽  
Thierry Bouvier ◽  
Jean-Christophe Auguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Site ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Tropical Tuna ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

Abstract Background : Although tunas represent a significant part of the global fish economy and a major nutritional resource worldwide, their consumption poses a risk of food poisoning through the development of particular bacterial pathogens. However, their microbiome still remains poorly documented. Here, we conducted a multi-compartmental analysis of the taxonomic composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting the gut, skin and liver of two most consumed tropical tuna species (skipjack and yellowfin), from individuals caught in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Results : Our results revealed that the composition of the microbiome was independent of fish sex, regardless of the species and ocean considered. Instead, the main determinants were (i) tuna species for the gut and(ii) sampling site for the skin mucus layer, and (iii) a combination of both parameters for the liver. Interestingly, only 4.5% of all ASVs were shared by the three compartments, raising numerous questions about the circulation of microorganisms within the tuna body. Our results also revealed the presence of a unique and diversified bacterial assemblage within the liver, comprising a substantial proportion of histamine-producing bacteria, well known for their potential pathogenicity and their contribution to fish poisoning cases. Conclusions : These results indicate that the tuna liver is an unexplored microbial niche whose role in the health of both the host and consumers remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Prevalence of lipase producer Aspergillus niger in nuts and anti-biofilm efficacy of its crude lipase against some human pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa S. Yassein ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Rokaia B. Elamary
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dilution Plate Method

AbstractNuts are the natural source of healthy lipids, proteins, and omega-3. They are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxins contamination because of their high nutritional value. Twenty-five species comprising 12 genera were isolated from 80 samples of dried fruits and nuts using the dilution plate method. Peanut recorded the highest level of contamination followed by coconut; almond and raisin were the lowest. Aspergillus was the most prevalent genus and A.niger, was the most dominant species. The morphological identification of the selected A.niger isolates as they were detected in high frequency of occurrence was confirmed by using 18SrRNA sequence. Ochratoxin biosynthesis gene Aopks was detected in the tested isolates. Lipase production by the selected A.niger isolates was determined with enzyme activity index (EAI) ranging from 2.02 to 3.28. A.niger-26 was the highest lipase producer with enzyme activity of 0.6 ± 0.1 U/ml by the trimetric method. Lip2 gene was also detected in the tested isolates. Finally, the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency of crude lipase against some human pathogens was monitored. Results exhibited great antibacterial efficacy with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 20 to 40 µl/100 µl against Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Proteusmirabilis, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA). Interestingly, significant anti-biofilm efficacy with inhibition percentages of 95.3, 74.9, 77.1 and 93.6% was observed against the tested pathogens, respectively.

scholarly journals Viromes outperform total metagenomes in revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural soil viral communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Santos-Medellin ◽  
Laura A. Zinke ◽  
Anneliek M. ter Horst ◽  
Danielle L. Gelardi ◽  
Sanjai J. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics ◽  
Viral Communities

AbstractViruses are abundant yet understudied members of soil environments that influence terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Here, we characterized the dsDNA viral diversity in biochar-amended agricultural soils at the preplanting and harvesting stages of a tomato growing season via paired total metagenomes and viral size fraction metagenomes (viromes). Size fractionation prior to DNA extraction reduced sources of nonviral DNA in viromes, enabling the recovery of a vaster richness of viral populations (vOTUs), greater viral taxonomic diversity, broader range of predicted hosts, and better access to the rare virosphere, relative to total metagenomes, which tended to recover only the most persistent and abundant vOTUs. Of 2961 detected vOTUs, 2684 were recovered exclusively from viromes, while only three were recovered from total metagenomes alone. Both viral and microbial communities differed significantly over time, suggesting a coupled response to rhizosphere recruitment processes and/or nitrogen amendments. Viral communities alone were also structured along an 18 m spatial gradient. Overall, our results highlight the utility of soil viromics and reveal similarities between viral and microbial community dynamics throughout the tomato growing season yet suggest a partial decoupling of the processes driving their spatial distributions, potentially due to differences in dispersal, decay rates, and/or sensitivities to soil heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Bromatological Analysis of the Fodder Marketed in the Peri-Urban Areas of Bujumbura (Burundi): Towards Spontaneous Fodder Conservation by Transformation into Silage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Butore ◽  
Daniel Sindaye ◽  
Mathias Hitimana ◽  
Jacques Nkengurutse ◽  
Tatien Masharabu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forage Species

Peri-urban areas of Bujumbura host a significant number of dairy cattle, which consequently ensure a substantial production of milk consumed in the Burundian capital. The presence of these cows in peri-urban areas has led to the emergence of an atypical market for spontaneous forage species. The present study seeks to determine the food and nutritional value of this fodder. A test on its conservation by transformation into silage was also carried out. Botanical field investigations and plant samples collection were carried out under the guidance of fodders suppliers. Based on the bromatological value deficiency thresholds for cattle, the results showed that the content of digestible nitrogenous matter and major elements (Ca, P, K, and Mg) in the forage is within acceptable limits. The final product obtained after fermentation, based on its color, its smell, and its consistency, is indeed silage. The chemical composition of fermented fodder showed that the nutritional quality has remained almost the same. Further research on digestibility of this forage is necessary. A study of the environmental determinants of spontaneous forage distribution at multiple sites and over a wide range of parameters may contribute to a better understanding of the importance of this fodder particularly in times of fodder deficit.

scholarly journals Viromes outperform total metagenomes in revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural soil viral communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Santos-Medellin ◽  
Laura A. Zinke ◽  
Anneliek M. ter Horst ◽  
Danielle L. Gelardi ◽  
Sanjai J. Parikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Size Fractionation ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics ◽  
Viral Communities

AbstractViruses are abundant yet understudied members of soil environments that influence terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Here, we characterized the dsDNA viral diversity in biochar-amended agricultural soils at the pre-planting and harvesting stages of a tomato growing season via paired total metagenomes and viromes. Size fractionation prior to DNA extraction reduced sources of non-viral DNA in viromes, enabling the recovery of a vaster richness of viral populations (vOTUs), greater viral taxonomic diversity, broader range of predicted hosts, and better access to the rare virosphere, relative to total metagenomes, which tended to recover only the most persistent and abundant vOTUs. Of 2,961 detected vOTUs, 2,684 were recovered exclusively from viromes, while only three were recovered from total metagenomes alone. Both viral and microbial communities differed significantly over time, suggesting a coupled response to rhizosphere recruitment processes and nitrogen amendments. Viral communities alone were also structured along a spatial gradient. Overall, our results highlight the utility of soil viromics and reveal similarities between viral and microbial community dynamics throughout the tomato growing season yet suggest a partial decoupling of the processes driving their spatial distributions, potentially due to differences in dispersal, decay rates, and/or sensitivities to soil heterogeneity.

Plasminogen Activation by Invasive Human Pathogens

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D P Boyle ◽  
Richard Lottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Human Pathogens

SummaryIn this review the interaction between invasive human pathogens expressing plasmin(ogen) receptors and/or producing plasminogen activators with the human plasmin(ogen) system is described. Evidence is presented for multiple mechanisms by which human pathogens can acquire a surface bound form of plasmin that cannot be regulated by host serpins. The potential importance of these pathways in providing the organisms with the ability to cross tissue barriers is discussed.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽  
Anna S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Influence of bioactivation of barley grain on the nutritional value and consumer properties of cereals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
L. V. Chirkova ◽  
◽  
I.S. Vitol ◽  
O.V. Politukha ◽  
N.A. Igoryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Barley Grain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document