scholarly journals Nanotechnology as a Shield against COVID-19: Current Advancement and Limitations

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rai ◽  
Shital Bonde ◽  
Alka Yadav ◽  
Arpita Bhowmik ◽  
Sanjay Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Global Health Problem

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health problem that the WHO declared a pandemic. COVID-19 has resulted in a worldwide lockdown and threatened to topple the global economy. The mortality of COVID-19 is comparatively low compared with previous SARS outbreaks, but the rate of spread of the disease and its morbidity is alarming. This virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people of all ages are susceptible to this virus. With the advancements in nanotechnology, their remarkable properties, including their ability to amplify signal, can be used for the development of nanobiosensors and nanoimaging techniques that can be used for early-stage detection along with other diagnostic tools. Nano-based protection equipment and disinfecting agents can provide much-needed protection against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, nanoparticles can serve as a carrier for antigens or as an adjuvant, thereby making way for the development of a new generation of vaccines. The present review elaborates the role of nanotechnology-based tactics used for the detection, diagnosis, protection, and treatment of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

scholarly journals The role of breastfeeding in preventing a global health problem: pediatric obesity

Pediatru ro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (64) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei ◽  
Alina-Costina Luca
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Global Health Problem

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis in young people

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitorino Modesto dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Suspicion Index

Tuberculosis is a global health problem and the main cause of death in the whole world. Young individuals are significantly affected in the low- and medium income countries. The children are more often infected by close contact with familiar adults at home, and lung tuberculosis with cavities plays a major role in environmental contamination. Their primary infection may evolve to primary tuberculosis without specific manifestations. The diagnostic challenges may be solved by higher clinical suspicion index associated with complementary investigation tools including tuberculin skin test and chest X-rays. These comments aim to enhance the awareness of lung tuberculosis at younger ages.

scholarly journals COVID-19 induced encephalopathy – a Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramy Abdelnaby ◽  
Mohamed Elsayed ◽  
Francis Abele-Haupts ◽  
Mehmet E. Barkin ◽  
Markus A. Rudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Global Health Problem

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has rapidly spread to multiple countries and has become a global health problem. The effects of COVID-19 on the CNS (Central Nervous System) are reported in low but increasing numbers. We report a case of COVID-19-induced encephalopathy with a biphasic clinical presentation only after a neurologically silent period.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies as a Serologic Marker of Infection in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 2066-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Rongqing ◽  
Maohua Li ◽  
Hao Song ◽  
Jianxin Chen ◽  
Wenlin Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Serologic Marker ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract Background Thousands of medical staff have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with hundreds of deaths reported. Such loss could be prevented if there were a serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease. Methods Using Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell–expressed full-length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was developed and validated with negative samples collected prior to the outbreak or during the outbreak and positive samples from patients confirmed with COVID-19. Results The specificity of the ELISA kit was 97.5%, as examined against total 412 normal human samples. The sensitivity was 97.1% by testing against 69 samples from hospitalized and/or recovered COVID-19 patients. The overall accuracy rate reached 97.3%. The assay was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 1 after the onset of COVID-19 disease. The average antibody levels increased during hospitalization and 14 days after discharge. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 28 of 276 asymptomatic medical staff and 1 of 5 nucleic acid test–negative “close contacts” of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions With the assays developed here, we can screen medical staff, incoming patients, passengers, and people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients to identify the “innocent viral spreaders,” protect the medical staff, and stop further spread of the virus.

Review of Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Patients with COVID-19 in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Makson Gleydson Brito de Oliveira ◽  
Mônica Santos de Melo ◽  
Júlia Ferreira Nogueira ◽  
Lucas Vinicius Andrade dos Santos ◽  
Luis Claudio Bettamio de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Indications For Use

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), produced by SARS-CoV-2, remains a challenge for modern medicine and a global health problem. For every 100 patients with COVID-19, about 20 need hospital care. In addition, some patients will be intubated and others under mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it is necessary to use drugs as a sedative and analgesic purpose, mainly. Thus, this study brings a survey on the drugs that can be used for the management of patients with COVID-19 in cases of intubation and mechanical ventilation in Brazil. In this paper, we will report the classes of anaesthetic and analgesic drugs. Highlighting the clinical indications for use, pharmacological characteristics of each drug in terms of doses, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and possible side effects and, in addition, peculiarities of drugs related to use in patients with COVID-19, when possible.

scholarly journals Animal Hosts and Experimental Models of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Chemotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cristina Parolin ◽  
Sara Virtuoso ◽  
Marta Giovanetti ◽  
Silvia Angeletti ◽  
Massimo Ciccozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Animal Hosts

Viruses arise through cross-species transmission and can cause potentially fatal diseases in humans. This is the case of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which recently appeared in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and posing a global health emergency. Sequence analysis and epidemiological investigations suggest that the most likely original source of SARS-CoV-2 is a spillover from an animal reservoir, probably bats, that infected humans either directly or through intermediate animal hosts. The role of animals as reservoirs and natural hosts in SARS-CoV-2 has to be explored, and animal models for COVID-19 are needed as well to be evaluated for countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Experimental cells, tissues, and animal models that are currently being used and developed in COVID-19 research will be presented.

scholarly journals An Update on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the Reportedly Rare Thrombotic Events Following Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 107602962110214
Author(s):  
Bulent Kantarcioglu ◽  
Omer Iqbal ◽  
Jeanine M. Walenga ◽  
Bruce Lewis ◽  
Joseph Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Global Health Problem

Today the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health problem. After more than a year with the pandemic, although our knowledge has progressed on COVID-19, there are still many unknowns in virological, pathophysiological and immunological aspects. It is obvious that the most efficient solution to end this pandemic are safe and efficient vaccines. This manuscript summarizes the pathophysiological and thrombotic features of COVID-19 and the safety and efficacy of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines with an aim to clarify the recent concerns of thromboembolic events after COVID-19 vaccination. The influx of newer information is rapid, requiring periodic updates and objective assessment of the data on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 variants and the safety and efficacy of currently available vaccines.

scholarly journals Viewpoint: How the Graphene Could Help to Decrease SARS-CoV-2 Spread?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ruíz-Santoyo ◽  
Rafael Romero-Toledo ◽  
Beatriz A. Andrade-Espinoza ◽  
Virginia F. Marañón-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Physicochemical Features

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Until February 2021, there are 110 million of infected people, 60 million have recovered and approximately 2.5 million have passed away worldwide according to WHO. The coronavirus pandemic is evolving very rapidly and represents a risk for health care workers and society in general. Moreover, pandemic has tested the limits of health systems by raising questions about forms of prevention, management of infections with conventional therapies and the use of diagnostic tools. In this article we discussed the possible role of the nanostructured-graphene based materials as aid tools for preventing the spread and infection of SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, nanotechnology could take part in the fight against the spread of future diseases caused by deadly viruses. However, its use should be well founded in terms of biocompatibility. Therefore, we have proposed an approach based on graphene nanomaterials as possible allies for the fight against the COVID-19 spread based on the physicochemical features that present these novel nanomaterials.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico: Beyond Detection Methods, Scope and Limitations

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Cynthia Martinez-Liu ◽  
Natalia Martínez-Acuña ◽  
Daniel Arellanos-Soto ◽  
Kame Galan-Huerta ◽  
Sonia Lozano-Sepulveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Containment Strategy ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Global Health Problem

The new coronavirus that was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan China, now called SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease called COVID-19, has spread from China to the entire world in a few months. Due to its contagious potential (R0: 5.7) and because there is still no effective treatment to stop the infection, and a vaccine for prevention it is not yet available to the general population, COVID-19 is currently considered a global health problem. The need to implement sensitive methods for the identification of individuals with COVID-19 has led to the development of different molecular and immunological tests. The importance of a timely and accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the course of the pandemic. The interpretation of the results obtained by each test as well as the factors that affect these results have not been fully described. In this review, we describe and analyze the different SARS-CoV-2 detection methods that have been performed in Mexico and are available worldwide, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. Further, a broader perspective of the correct use and interpretation of the results obtained with these diagnostic tools is proposed to improve the containment strategy and identify the true impact of the pandemic.

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