scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Puumala orthohantavirus in Rodents and Human Patients in Austria, 2012–2019

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Jeremy V. Camp ◽  
Eva Schmon ◽  
Robert Krause ◽  
Wolfdieter Sixl ◽  
Daniela Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Rodent Host ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Highly Correlated

Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) has a wide distribution throughout Europe. Distinctive temporal patterns of spillover into the human population are related to population dynamics of the reservoir host, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). As the rodent host is tied to specific habitats with small individual ranges, PUUV genetic diversity is also highly correlated with geographic distance. Using sequenced portions of viral S and M segments, we determined whether geographic clusters were supported. Human cases of PUUV infections are concentrated in southeastern Austria. We detected four distinct genotypes: two genotypes of the Alpe-Adria (ALAD) lineage typically associated with southeast Europe, and two sublineages of the Central Europe (CE) lineage. One cluster of CE genotypes represents a phylogenetically distinct sublineage compared to previously reported CE clades, and extends the boundary of the CE lineage further south than previously reported.

Detection of genetic diversity in rough fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb) populations of southern Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, using RAPD markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Zhao Mengli ◽  
Han Bing ◽  
Walter D Willms
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Potential Adaptation ◽  
Rough Fescue

Mountain rough fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb.) is a tufted native grass in southern Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, and has attracted interest for use in reclamation. However, its seed is often available from only a few localized sources and may not be adapted for areas removed from the collection site. We conducted a study to determine the genetic variability among rough fescue populations to assess its potential adaptation. Thirty plants were collected from each of six populations and analyzed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). One population (Kamloops, BC) was separated by several mountain ranges from the five easterly Alberta populations.The Kamloops population was also separated from the Alberta populations by genetic distance in two clusters. Of the total genetic variation present in the data, 21% was found among populations while the remaining (79%) was found within populations. Nei’s genetic distances among populations were related to their geographical distances. Genetic differences among populations appeared to be caused primarily by differences in gene frequencies rather than rare genes. Also, genetic diversity appeared to increase from west to east suggesting that the more easterly populations had greater adaptation potential. We speculate that the more easterly populations are less likely to share genes since the prevailing winds are from the west. Germplasm from the more easterly populations may be used with suitable precautions within Alberta and possibly around Kamloops. Key words: Genetic distance, geographic distance, reclamation, potential adaptation

scholarly journals The role of environment, local adaptation and past climate fluctuation on the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in the teosinte in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gasca-Pineda ◽  
Yocelyn T. Gutiérrez-Guerrero ◽  
Erika Aguirre-Planter ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Assignment Analysis ◽  
Climate Fluctuation

AbstractWild maize, commonly known as teosinte, has a wide distribution in central Mexico and inhabits a wide range of environmental conditions. According to previous studies, the environment is a determinant factor for the amount and distribution of genetic diversity. In this study, we used a set of neutral markers to explore the influence of contemporary factors and historical environmental shifts on genetic diversity, including present and three historical periods. Using a set of 22 nuclear microsatellite loci, we genotyped 527 individuals from 29 localities. We found highly variable levels of genetic diversity (Z. m. parviglumis HE= 0.3646–0.7699; Z. m. mexicana HE= 0.5885–0.7671) and significant genetic structure among localities (average DEST= 0.4332). Also, we recovered significant values of heterozygote deficiency (average FIS= 0.1796) and variable levels of selfing (sg2=0.0–0.3090). The Bayesian assignment analysis yielded four genetic clusters dividing the sample into subspecies, that in turn, were separated into two clusters. Environmental conditions played a strong influence in the distribution of genetic diversity, as demographic analysis and changes in species range revealed by modeling analyses were consistent. We conclude that current genetic diversity in teosinte is the result of a mixture of local adaptation and genetic isolation along with historical environmental fluctuations.

Weak genetic structuring suggests historically high genetic connectivity among recently fragmented urban populations of the scincid lizard, Ctenotus fallens

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Krawiec ◽  
Siegfried L. Krauss ◽  
Robert A. Davis ◽  
Peter B. S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Sizes

Populations in fragmented urban remnants may be at risk of genetic erosion as a result of reduced gene flow and elevated levels of inbreeding. This may have serious genetic implications for the long-term viability of remnant populations, in addition to the more immediate pressures caused by urbanisation. The population genetic structure of the generalist skink Ctenotus fallens was examined using nine microsatellite markers within and among natural vegetation remnants within a highly fragmented urban matrix in the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia. These data were compared with samples from a large unfragmented site on the edge of the urban area. Overall, estimates of genetic diversity and inbreeding within all populations were similar and low. Weak genetic differentiation, and a significant association between geographic and genetic distance, suggests historically strong genetic connectivity that decreases with geographic distance. Due to recent fragmentation, and genetic inertia associated with low genetic diversity and large population sizes, it is not possible from these data to infer current genetic connectivity levels. However, the historically high levels of gene flow that our data suggest indicate that a reduction in contemporary connectivity due to fragmentation in C. fallens is likely to result in negative genetic consequences in the longer term.

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and differentiation of Dendrolimus punctatus (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Thousand Island Lake, China, based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lv ◽  
J.-R. Wang ◽  
T.-Q. Li ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
J.-Q. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
High Dispersal

AbstractThousand Island Lake (TIL) is a typical fragmented landscape and an ideal model to study ecological effects of fragmentation. Partial fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of 23 island populations of Dendrolimus punctatus in TIL were sequenced, 141 haplotypes being identified. The number of haplotypes increased significantly with the increase in island area and shape index, whereas no significant correlation was detected between three island attributes (area, shape and isolation) and haplotype diversity. However, the correlation with number of haplotypes was no longer significant when the ‘outlier’ island JSD (the largest island) was not included. Additionally, we found no significant relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. Geographic isolation did not obstruct the gene flow among D. punctatus populations, which might be because of the high dispersal capacity of this pine moth. Fragmentation resulted in the conversion of large and continuous habitats into isolated, small and insular patches, which was the primary effect on the genetic diversity of D. punctatus in TIL. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that habitat fragmentation reduced the biological genetic diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection.

scholarly journals The use of cotyledon proteins to assess the genetic diversity in sweet holm oak

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martín M ◽  
R. Navarro-Cerrillo ◽  
P. Ortega ◽  
B. Alvarez J
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Sweet holm oak (<I>Quercus ilex</I> ssp. <I>ballota</I> Desf. Samp.) is an important broad-leaved tree spread in the Mediterranean basin. In Spain, few studies on the genetic variability of this species have been displayed. Storage seed proteins are a useful tool in the evaluation of the genetic variability of many species. The objective of this study was to analyze the usefulness of cotyledon proteins as markers of the genetic diversity in sweet holm oak. The evaluated populations were highly polymorphic for the glutelins, being detected up to 32 polymorphic bands with a wide distribution among all them. Considering all evaluated populations, about 35.8% of the total allelic variation was distributed among populations. This method of analysis of cotyledon storage proteins (glutelins) could be considered an additional tool for the evaluation of genetic diversity in this species.

scholarly journals Indications of Genetic Admixture in the Transition Zone between Fagus sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis Greut. & Burd

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Müller ◽  
Precious Annie Lopez ◽  
Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou ◽  
Ioannis Tsiripidis ◽  
Oliver Gailing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Two subspecies of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) can be found in southeast Europe: Fagus sylvatica ssp. sylvatica L. and Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greut. & Burd. (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). In a previous study, based on genetic diversity patterns and morphological characters, indications of hybridization between both subspecies were found in northeastern Greece, a known contact zone of F. sylvatica and F. orientalis. Nevertheless, potential genetic admixture has not been investigated systematically before. Here, we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure of 14 beech populations originating from Greece and Turkey as well as of two reference F. sylvatica populations from Germany based on nine expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Very low genetic differentiation was detected among F. sylvatica populations (mean GST: 0.005) as well as among F. orientalis populations (mean GST: 0.008), but substantial differentiation was detected between populations of the two subspecies (mean GST: 0.122). Indications for hybridization between both subspecies were revealed for one population in Greece. One of the genetic markers showed specific allele frequencies for F. sylvatica and F. orientalis and may be used as a diagnostic marker in future studies to discriminate both subspecies.

scholarly journals Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belibasakis ◽  
Maula ◽  
Bao ◽  
Lindholm ◽  
Bostanci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Oral Condition

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a periodontal pathogen colonizing the oral cavity of a large proportion of the human population. It is equipped with several potent virulence factors that can cause cell death and induce or evade inflammation. Because of the large genetic diversity within the species, both harmless and highly virulent genotypes of the bacterium have emerged. The oral condition and age, as well as the geographic origin of the individual, influence the risk to be colonized by a virulent genotype of the bacterium. In the present review, the virulence and pathogenicity properties of A. actinomycetemcomitans will be addressed.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentata(Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) in the southern boundary of the Brazilian Subregion, Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Bruno ◽  
Jorge Rafael Casciotta ◽  
Adriana Edith Almirón ◽  
Marta Susana Lizarralde
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Paleoclimatic Changes ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jenynsia Multidentata

The Atlantic drainage basins are located in the southern Pampean area, in the southernmost part of the Brazilian subregion. Tectonic and paleoclimatic phenomena, occurring during the Quaternary, have currently isolated these basins from the present hydrographic system. Their ichthyofaunal composition is similar to that of hydric systems located further northward. Jenynsia multidentata is a species with wide distribution in the Atlantic drainage basins, as well as in those Northern basins. Here we investigated the phylogeographic pattern of Jenynsia multidentataand analyzed its relationships with the paleoclimatic and geologic history of the region. The analysis of the population's assemblage showed moderate genetic diversity, demographic equilibrium and marked genetic structure in the populations that occupy the extremes of the distributional range. The populations in the center of the range did not present genetic diversity, sharing a single haplotype. These results allow inferring that the presence of Jenynsia multidentata in the area results from historical demographic processes that are independent but complementary. In turn, these processes could arise from paleoclimatic changes occurred during the Quaternary.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Spatial Genetic Structure of Stellaria Holostea Populations from Urban Forest Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wodkiewicz ◽  
Bożenna Gruszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Ancient Forest ◽  
Forest Islands

Abstract Stellaria holostea is a clonal herb highly confined to well-established deciduous forests. This study examined whether its genetic diversity and spatial genetic organization in urban forest islands is similar to the values from well-established populations outside urban landscape. We studied four populations in Warsaw and two populations from well preserved forests outside the city. Genetic diversity was greater in populations from well-preserved forests than from forests heavily exploited in the past. High clonal diversity indices indicate that the studied populations did not lose the ability to reproduce sexually. The small populations in urban forests differed from the remaining sites in spatial organization. High overall FST (0.24) and the lack of correlation between genetic and geographic distance between the studied populations indicate limited gene flow. Urban forests may be of great value for conservation of S. holostea and other ancient forest species as they may still harbor substantial genetic variability despite their isolation.

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