scholarly journals Studies on the Occurrence of Viruses in Planting Material of Grapevines in Southwestern Germany

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Noemi Messmer ◽  
Patricia Bohnert ◽  
Stefan Schumacher ◽  
René Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus ◽  
Propagation Material

Viral diseases in viticulture lead to annual losses in the quantity and quality of grape production. Since no direct control measures are available in practice, preventive measures are taken to keep the vines healthy. These include, for example, the testing of propagation material for viruses such as Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) or Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and 3 (GLRaV-3). As long-term investigations have shown, GLRaV-1 (2.1%) occurs most frequently in southwestern German wine-growing regions, whereas GLRaV-3 (<0.1%) is almost never found. However, tests conducted over 12 years indicate that there is no general decline in virus-infected planting material. Thus, it can be assumed that a spread of the viruses via corresponding vectors still takes place unhindered. Beyond the examinations regulated within the German Wine Growing Ordinance, one-time tests were carried out on Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This analysis showed that GPGV was found in 17.2% of the samples.

scholarly journals Understanding contributors to quality of care in long-term care and changes under COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 960-960
Author(s):  
Sara Luck ◽  
Katie Aubrecht
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nursing home facilities are responsible for providing care for some of the most vulnerable groups in society, including the elderly and those with chronic medical conditions. In times of crisis, such as COVID-19 or other pandemics, the delivery of ‘regular’ care can be significantly impacted. In relation to COVID-19, there is an insufficient supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) to care for residents, as PPE not only protects care staff but also residents. Nursing homes across the United States and Canada have also taken protective measures to maximize the safety of residents by banning visitors, stopping all group activities, and increasing infection control measures. This presentation shares a research protocol and early findings from a study investigating the impact of COVID-19 on quality of care in residential long-term care (LTC) in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. This study used a qualitative description design to explore what contributes to quality of care for residents living in long-term care, and how this could change in times of crisis from the perspective of long-term care staff. Interviews were conducted with a broad range of staff at one LTC home. A semi-structured interview guide and approach to thematic analysis was framed by a social ecological perspective, making it possible to include the individual and proximal social influences as well as community, organizations, and policy influencers. Insights gained will improve the understanding of quality of care, as well as potential barriers and facilitators to care during times of crisis.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF PRIMARY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO PATIENTS WITH ECZEMA: STUDY OF THE SCOPE AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
L.V. Cherkashyna
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Scientific Specialty ◽  
Chronic Eczema ◽  
Generalized Indicator

The development of general medical practice as a scientific specialty and practice and the structuring of medical care according to the levels of its delivery are characterized by shifting the emphasis on long-term care for patients with chronic dermatoses to the level of general practitioners. This paper describes the scope of treatment and prophylactic measures at the stage of primary medical care for 75 patients with eczema of different severity. It was revealed that the completeness of the use of non-medicated means in the period between the exacerbations of eczema prescribed by general practitioners was at the level of 56.1 ÷ 60.2% according to the generalized quality index and was characterized by insufficient use of autotraining techniques with elements of psychological correction in 76.7 ± 5,0%, herbal ointments in 72,7 ± 5,1%, as well as insufficient physiotherapeutic corrections in 57,3 ± 5,7%. Adequate use of pharmacological medicines prescribed by general practitioners for the periods between the exacerbation of eczema makes up 53,1 ÷ 53,9% according to the generalized indicator of quality and is characterized by low use of magnesium-containing products in 76,0 ± 4 9% of cases and adrenal gland stimulants in 74,7 ± 5,0% of cases, as well as detoxification agents (53,3 ± 5,8)% of cases.  The analysis of general indicators of the quality of therapeutic and prophylactic process in the periods between exacerbations of chronic eczema has shown that general practitioners prefer to prescribe non-medicinal means, underestimating the importance of using immunomodulatory drugs and vitamins (A, E, B and C).

scholarly journals The emergent diseases in grapevine nursery: Critical point analysis for developing a protected and sustainable propagation process

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
E. Battiston ◽  
S. Di Marco ◽  
E. Angelini ◽  
L. Mugnai
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Propagation Process ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Critical Point Analysis

The diffusion of emergent pathogens in grapevine nursery is increasingly compromising the sanitary quality of the propagation material. The complexity of the problem lies on the plurality of plant diseases involved and on the high environmental and economic impact of the conventional methods applied to comply the phytosanitary standards. By a critical point analysis, the study suggests the development of nursery strategies focused on the sanitary quality of the production and on its long-term environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Temporary Immersion Bioreactor – Derived Potato Microtubers in a Peruvian Low Input Cropping Agriculture System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de Lourdes Tapia y Figueroa ◽  
José Faustino Beraún Tapia ◽  
Elliosha Hajari ◽  
Maritza Escalona ◽  
Hervé Etienne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Production ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Propagation Material

Abstract Potato cultivation is limited by a lack of access to quality propagation material. The application of micropropagation techniques combined with the diagnosis and sanitation of the main pathogens of the crop, has contributed to increased production efficiencies. In this regard, the use of temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs) has improved the quality of microtubers micropropagated along with savings in costs of production. With the final goal of applying these technologies for commercial production, the current study investigated the agronomic performance of Peruvian Canchan potato microtubers derived from TIBs (basic agamic seed 1 and 2) under low-input agro-technology in the coastal zone of Peru. The results indicated that following 75 d of growth, plants derived from microtubers produced in TIBs displayed slower vegetative growth than those from conventional tubers. However, at harvest, these differences were no longer apparent. Although plants raised from conventional tubers produced the highest fresh mass of tubers, significantly more propagules were produced by plants regenerated from basic agamic seed 1 and 2 derived from micropropagation in liquid media. These results demonstrate that much more planting material (seed tubers) can be obtained from microtubers in the field (basic agamic seed 1) than from the conventional commercial seed tubers.

scholarly journals Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Rheumatic Diseases: Prevention and Rehabilitation in Modern Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Ragif Kalimovich Mutalimov ◽  
Karina Valeryevna Kravtsova ◽  
Amina Magometovna Bairamkulova ◽  
Sherifat Magometovna Bairamkulova ◽  
Alena Olegovna Voynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Prolonged Pain ◽  
Full Life

The article examines approaches to the prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and rheumatic diseases, as well as to the rehabilitation of such patients. It is this type of disease that has a negative impact on the quality of life of most people, since it not only makes it difficult for them to move in space, but also worsens the general state of health due to pain, which may manifest to a greater or lesser extent. Treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is a rather long-term process, for this reason, the prevention of such diseases seems very relevant, since it not only allows the patient to avoid prolonged pain, but also reduces the financial burden in the field of insurance medicine, since the need for expensive medical and physiotherapy treatment for such patients is eliminated. Rehabilitation of patients with this diagnosis also makes it possible to reduce the time to restore their health and return to a full life. Accordingly, the tasks set in the work meet the requirements of today and will contribute to improving the effectiveness of preventive measures for patients suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 immunity and functional recovery of COVID-19 patients 1-year after infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhan ◽  
Yufang Zhu ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Shijun Jia ◽  
Yunling Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Abnormal Chest ◽  
Normal Chest

AbstractThe long-term immunity and functional recovery after SARS-CoV-2 infection have implications in preventive measures and patient quality of life. Here we analyzed a prospective cohort of 121 recovered COVID-19 patients from Xiangyang, China at 1-year after diagnosis. Among them, chemiluminescence immunoassay-based screening showed 99% (95% CI, 98–100%) seroprevalence 10–12 months after infection, comparing to 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7–0.9%) in the general population. Total anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies remained stable since discharge, while anti-RBD IgG and neutralization levels decreased over time. A predictive model estimates 17% (95% CI, 11–24%) and 87% (95% CI, 80–92%) participants were still 50% protected against detectable and severe re-infection of WT SARS-CoV-2, respectively, while neutralization levels against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were significantly reduced. All non-severe patients showed normal chest CT and 21% reported COVID-19-related symptoms. In contrast, 53% severe patients had abnormal chest CT, decreased pulmonary function or cardiac involvement and 79% were still symptomatic. Our findings suggest long-lasting immune protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while also highlight the risk of immune evasive variants and long-term consequences for COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic micromycetes associated with conifers in Middle Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-151
Author(s):  
В.А. Сенашова ◽  
Е.А. Шилкина ◽  
И.Е. Сафронова
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Middle Siberia ◽  
Long Term Studies ◽  
Pathogenic Micromycetes

Микроорганизмы, ассоциированные с растениями, в том числе хвойными, играют важную роль в их жизни, формируя микробные сообщества филлосферы, ризопланы и ризосферы. Условно состав таких комплексов можно разделить на патогенную и сапротрофную части. Знание видового разнообразия патогенов, вызывающих заболевания сеянцев и саженцев хвойных, крайне необходимо специалистам сферы лесовозобновления для коррекции агротехнических мероприятий и контроля качества посадочного материала. Цель данных исследований - изучение видового разнообразия патогенных микромицетов хвойных на территории Средней Сибири как в искусственных, так и естественных насаждениях. Применялись классические и современные методы идентификации патогенов. Приводятся данные по видовому составу патогенных микромицетов хвойных за последние 10 лет. Многолетние исследования видового разнообразия микромицетов хвойных на территории Средней Сибири выявили представителей 36 родов, относящихся к различным систематическим группам: Lophodermium Chevall., Lophodermella Höhn., Cyclaneusma DiCosmo, Peredo et Minte, Gremmenia Korf., Hypodermella Tubeuf, Lirula Darker, Sarea Fr., Herpotrichia Fucke, Gremmeniella M. Morelet, Coleosporium Lév., Chrysomyxa Unger, Melampsora Castagne, Melampsorella J. Schröt., Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth., Cronartium Fr., Typhula (Pers.) Fr., Mucor Fresen., Rhizosphaera L. Mangin et Har, Pestalotia De Not., Sclerophoma Höhn. (телеоморфа - Sydowia Bres.), Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (= Hendersonia Berk.), Lecanosticta Syd., Dothistroma Hulbary, Fusarium Link, Meria Vuill. (телеоморфа - Rhabdocline Syd.), Phoma Sacc., Didymella Sacc., Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Link, Rhizoctonia DC., Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers., Septorioides Quaedvl., Verkley et Crous, Epicoccum Link, Trichothecium Link., Verticillium Nees., Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. (телеоморфа - Neonectria Wollenw). Идентифицированные патогены вызывают преждевременную гибель ассимиляционного аппарата, нарушают деятельность корневой и проводящих систем, снижают качество семян хвойных растений. Microorganisms associated with plants, including conifers, play an important role in their life, forming microbial communities of the phyllosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere. Conventionally, the composition of such complexes can be divided into pathogenic and saprotrophic parts. For specialists involved in reforestation, the knowledge of the species diversity of pathogens that cause diseases of seedlings of conifers is essential for correcting agrotechnical measures and controlling the quality of planting material. The goal of this research is to study the species diversity of pathogenic micromycetes of conifers in the Middle Siberia territory, both in artificial and natural plantings. Such long-term studies found representatives of 36 genera belonging to different taxonomic groups: Lophodermium Chevall., Lophodermella Höhn., Cyclaneusma DiCosmo, Peredo et Minte, Gremmenia Korf., Hypodermella Tubeuf, Lirula Darker, Sarea Fr., Herpotrichia Fucke , Gremmeniella M. Morelet, Coleosporium Lév., Chrysomyxa Unger, Melampsora Castagne, Melampsorella J. Schröt., Pucciniastrum G.H. Otth., Cronartium Fr., Typhula (Pers.) Fr., Mucor Fresen., Rhizosphaera L. Mangin et Har, Pestalotia De Not., Sclerophoma Höhn. (teleomorph - Sydowia Bres.), Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (= Hendersonia Berk.), Lecanosticta Syd., Dothistroma Hulbary, Meria Vuill.( teleomorph- Rhabdocline Syd.), Phoma Sacc., Didymella Sacc., Alternaria Nees, Cladosporium Link, Rhizoctonia DC., Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers., Septorioides Quaedvl., Verkley et Crous, Epicoccum Link, Trichothecium Link., Cylindrocarpon Wollenw. (teleomorph - Neonectria Wollenw). The identified pathogens cause premature death of the assimilation apparatus, disrupt the activity of the root and vascular systems, and reduce the quality of coniferous plants seeds.

scholarly journals Quality of the Measurement of the Infrarenal Aortic Diameter by Ultrasound

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABM Wilmink ◽  
C S F F Hubbard ◽  
C R G Quick ◽  
A B M Wilmink
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements

Objectives— To assess quality and variability in measurements of the infrarenal aortic diameter by ultrasound, and to recommend quality control measures to improve consistency in measurements of the infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD) in a long running screening programme. Setting— An aneurysm screening programme in Huntingdon. Methods— Quality of the ultrasound image was subjectively assessed by each ultrasonographer. Quality of the measurements was assessed by analysing the frequency of measurements that were outside the normal variability of the estimated true diameter. The interobserver variability was measured by analysing repeated measurements of the IAD in the same patient by two ultrasonographers, using the same scanner. The variability between different scanners was measured by analysing repeat measurements of the IAD in the same patient by the same ultrasonographer, using two scanners. The intraobserver variability was estimated by analysing all patients with three consecutive measurements of the IAD, carried out by the same ultrasonographer. Results— Although the subjective assessment of the quality of the ultrasound image of the aorta varied, there were no statistically significant differences in the likelihood of obtaining measurements outside the limits of agreement between the ultrasonographers. The interobserver, intraobserver, and between scanner variability of ultrasound measurements of the IAD were all around 6 mm. Conclusion— The variability in ultrasound measurements of aortic diameters is acceptable for clinical decision making, and the interobserver variability is very similar to the long term intraobserver variability. Quality control measures are suggested to maintain long term consistency of ultrasound measurements of the IAD.

scholarly journals Grapevine Pinot gris virus infecting grapevines in Romania - Short Communicaiton

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Ionela-Catalina Guta ◽  
Elena-Cocuta Buciumeanu
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Propagation Material

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) has been identified in many grape growing countries of the world since 2012. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of GPGV on some accessions collected from a germplasm collection, in addition to the propagation material and clonal selection samples. During 2019–2020, a total of 199 samples have been analysed by a double antibody sandwich – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the presence of GPGV, Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1+3 (GLRaV-1+3) and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV). Among them, 107 samples (53.76%) showed a GPGV-infection, associated with or without symptoms on the leaves (deformations, chlorosis, mosaic, wrinkles) or stunting plants. The distribution of infected varieties showed a high rate of infection in old varieties (37.38%), followed by clones (32.71%), rootstocks (11.21%), clonal selections (9.35%) and new varieties (9.35%). The tests revealed the association of GPGV with GFkV (5 cases) and GLRaV-1+3 (2 cases). GPGV should be included in the rules of grapevine certification schemes for the production of virus-free mother plants.

‘A Winter's Tale’: parasite control in cattle at housing

Livestock ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Andrew Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Negative Impacts

Although some cattle farms operate year-round with stock outside, cattle are housed at the onset of winter on the majority of farms. Housing typically coincides with the onset of cold, wet weather, a decline in the quantity and quality of grazing and wet underfoot conditions leading to poaching of fields. While the transition from a fresh grass-based diet under extensive conditions outside to a controlled forage-based ration in close confinement inside requires some adaptations by both cattle and farmers, it also provides an opportunity for an assessment of parasite status and the implementation of appropriate control measures. Exposure to new helminth infections while grazing is essentially eliminated during housing; thus effective treatments can provide long-term control until turnout the following year. Obligate ectoparasites such as lice and mange mites, with short survival times off the host, can also be eliminated over winter through effective ectoparasiticide treatment of at-risk groups. To comply with the ethos of ‘responsible use’ of parasiticides, group treatments of cattle at housing must be justified through risk assessments, though potential negative impacts on selection for anthelmintic resistance and environmental impact can also be mitigated through manure and slurry management and disposal.

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