scholarly journals The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mariana C. Leal ◽  
Danielle Seabra Ramos ◽  
Thiago Pinto Bezerra ◽  
Ana Elizabeth S. C. Vilela ◽  
Rebeka Jacques de F. Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia.

Upper Airway Obstruction in Infectious Mononucleosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Wolfe ◽  
Lee D. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Bulbar Paralysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Life-threatening upper respiratory obstruction is an unusual complication of infectious mononucleosis. Although the majority of fatalities result from progressive bulbar paralysis or the Guillain-Barré syndrome, airway impairment primarily occurs as a result of pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and associated faucial arch edema. Recent experience in a young child with infectious mononucleosis who exhibited progressive hypersomnolence, sleep apnea, and stridor during sleep is presented. In addition, a retrospective analysis of 72 cases of respiratory complications of infectious mononucleosis provides guidelines for specific airway management. Mild upper respiratory obstruction with persistent fever, severe odynophagia, and malaise is treated with parenteral corticosteroids. Immediate tonsillectomy using a halothane and oxygen induction technique is recommended for severe airway occlusion. Tracheotomy is currently reserved for those patients with progressive alveolar hypoventilation, hypercarbia, atelectasis, and bulbar paralysis. In general, tonsillectomy is well-tolerated, eliminating airway obstruction, improving swallowing function, and rapidly resolving pharyngeal discomfort.

scholarly journals Tracheal perforation managed by temporary tracheostomy in a horse : clinical communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Saulez ◽  
N.M. Slovis ◽  
A.T. Louden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Severe Emphysema ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Tracheal trauma with resultant rupture is uncommonly reported in veterinary literature. We report the case of a 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding that sustained a 1 cm longitudinal perforation of the dorsal tracheal membrane in the proximal cervical region. The horse subsequently developed dyspnoea due to acute upper respiratory obstruction secondary to severe emphysema of the guttural pouches. A temporary tracheostomy caudal to the site of tracheal perforation was performed under local anaesthesia. This procedure helped relieve the upper airway obstruction and aided resolution of the injury by diverting air away from the site of tracheal perforation. After conservative management, the gelding recovered completely.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis, neurosyphilis and associated factors in a cross-sectional analysis of HIV infected patients attending Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeodatus Haule ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Evarista Mgaya ◽  
Peter Masikini ◽  
Samuel Kalluvya
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background HIV-syphilis co-infection can enhance the rapid progression of early or late latent syphilis to neurosyphilis and can cause catastrophic neurological complications. In studies in Mwanza, syphilis affects ~ 8% of healthy outpatients and studies done in the 1990s have suggested that up to 23.5% of HIV-syphilis co-infected patients also have neurosyphilis. Methodology This was a cross sectional study in which adult HIV infected patients who were hospitalized or attending the outpatient Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and screened for syphilis using serum Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA). Blood was also taken for CD4+ T cells and viral load. Those who were found to have syphilis underwent neurological examination for any neurologic deficit and were offered a lumbar puncture. Results The prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients was found to be 9.6%. The majority of patients were female (72.5%) and median age was 42 years [interquartile range, 32–50]. Most patients were on ART (99.4%). In the study population of 1748 participants, 9.6% were TPHA positive; the majority (89.2%) reported not knowing their syphilis status and not previously been treated. One hundred and forty-one participants with syphilis had neurological examinations performed. Four of these had abnormal findings that necessitated a lumbar puncture. Neurosyphilis was confirmed in one patient (0.7%). Conclusion The high prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients indicates that there is a need to increase efforts in targeting this population to reduce sexually transmitted infections. Screening for syphilis should be done for all HIV patients given the high prevalence of the infection and the risk that aggressive forms of neurosyphilis can occur despite recovery of CD4+ T cell counts in untreated syphilis.

The Interaction between Physical Illness and Neurotic Morbidity in the Community

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Vazquez Barquero ◽  
P. E. Muñoz ◽  
V. Madoz Jaúregui
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
North Of Spain

SummaryAs part of an epidemiological survey of a rural community in the North of Spain we analysed the interaction between physical illness and neurotic morbidity using a two-phase cross-sectional analysis of a representative sample of the population over 15 years old. There was a very high prevalence of neurosis in the somatically ill (males—15.6 per cent, females—33.1 per cent) and much physical pathology in the group of neurotics (males—42.4 per cent, females—39 per cent). The personal characteristics of the sample, as well as some sociological factors like rural-urban way of life, educational level and social class, appear to influence the relationship between both types of illness. The neurotic morbidity of the somatic group comprised depressive, anxiety and hypochondriac types.

Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis: a nationwide cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
M.-S. Rha ◽  
H.-J. Cho ◽  
J.-H. Yoon ◽  
C.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Whether the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is associated with upper airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationwide cross-sectional surveys: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013–2015), VII (2016–2018), and VIII (2019). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between EC use and CRS or AR. Results: Among a total of 38,413 participants, 6.4% were former EC users and 2.5% were current EC users. Former EC users and current EC showed a significantly increased OR for CRS or AR compared with never EC users. In the subgroup analysis, the “current CC (conventional cigarette)-current EC” and the “current CC-formal EC” group had a significantly higher OR for CRS or AR than the “current CC-never EC” group. In addition, former CC smokers who currently use ECs showed a significantly higher OR for AR than former CC smokers without EC use. Conclusions: EC use is significantly associated with a high prevalence of CRS and AR in the adult population. These results indicate that the use of ECs may increase the risk of upper airway disease.

scholarly journals Perinatal Case Fatality Rate Related to Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil: a Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S22-S22
Author(s):  
Igor Thiago Queiroz ◽  
Jessika Thais Da Silva Maia ◽  
Gleysson Rosa ◽  
Tatyana Vidal Mendes ◽  
S Jayne Alves Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract Background Many studies have demonstrated a causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, microcephaly (MCP), and other congenital abnormalities (CA). This study aimed to determine perinatal case fatality rate in cases of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), a Brazilian Northeast State highly impacted by the Zika virus outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained through the State Health Department (SHD) for cases of MCP and CA in Rio Grande do Norte from April 2015 to February 5, 2016. Definition of perinatal period: commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation and ends seven completed days after birth. Results During the study period, there were 486 cases of MCP and others CA notified in RN, of which 142 were confirmed and 108 remain under investigation. The remaining 236 cases have been ruled out by presenting normal examinations or due to presenting microcephaly by noninfectious causes. Of the total confirmed cases, 26.7% (38/142) died after birth or during pregnancy. 15.78% (06/38) of confirmed deaths had ZIKV infection during pregnancy and 2.63% (01/38) had a positive TORCH blood test. The six cases related to ZIKV were confirmed by RT–PCR and/or IgM/IgG antibodies against ZIKV. The remaining cases of deaths remain either under investigation or have been ruled out. Conclusion This study highlights a high rate of perinatal lethality (15.78%) in cases of CZS. Despite the growing number of CZS cases, the real incidence and prevalence might be higher due to the underreporting and lack of resources for confirmatory diagnostic tests (laboratory and imaging). Due to the high rate of lethality and the ongoing uncontrolled ZIKV outbreak, this study predicts an increase in the infant mortality rate in Brazil and highlights the need for developing public health programs to control the ZIKV outbreak. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Syphilis, Neurosyphilis And Associated Factors In a Cross-Sectional Analysis Of HIV Infected Patients Attending Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeodatus Richard Haule ◽  
Betrand Msemwa ◽  
Evarista Mgaya ◽  
Peter Masikini ◽  
Samuel Kalluvya
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background: HIV-syphilis co-infection can enhance the rapid progression of early or late latent syphilis to neurosyphilis and can cause catastrophic neurological complications. In studies in Mwanza, syphilis affects ~8% of healthy outpatients and studies done in the 1990s have suggested that up to 23.5% of HIV-syphilis co-infected patients also have neurosyphilis.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study in which adult HIV infected patients who were hospitalized or attending the outpatient Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and screened for syphilis using serum Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA). Blood was also taken for CD4+ T cells and viral load. Those who were found to have syphilis underwent neurological examination for any neurologic deficit and were offered a lumbar puncture. Results: The prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients was found to be 9.6%. The majority of patients were female (72.5%) and median age was 42 years [interquartile range, 32-50]. Most patients were on ART (99.4%). In the study population of 1748 participants, 9.6% were TPHA positive; the majority (89.2%) reported not knowing their syphilis status and not previously been treated. One hundred and forty-one participants with syphilis had neurological examinations performed. Four of these had abnormal findings that necessitated a lumbar puncture. Neurosyphilis was confirmed in one patient (0.7%).Conclusion: The high prevalence of syphilis in HIV infected patients indicates that there is a need to increase efforts in targeting this population to reduce sexually transmitted infections. Screening for syphilis should be done for all HIV patients given the high prevalence of the infection and the risk that aggressive forms of neurosyphilis can occur despite recovery of CD4+ T cell counts in untreated syphilis.

A cross-sectional analysis of 2017 stroke symptoms recognition at the US regional level

2020 ◽  
pp. 174239532090565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lam Tran ◽  
Phoebe Tran ◽  
Liem Tran
Keyword(s):  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Symptom Recognition ◽  
Stroke Symptom ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sudden Headache

Objectives Stroke symptom recognition is critical in reducing time to treatment, but it is not known whether the increased support for stroke education programs during the last several years has led to an improvement in regional stroke symptom recognition levels since they were last assessed in the mid-2010s. Methods We used the most current estimates of recognition from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey to examine regional recognition levels for individual stroke symptoms and correct identification of all five stroke symptoms. Results Recognition of individual stroke symptoms was ≥76% in all regions, but correct identification of all stroke symptoms was lower ranging from 68.8 to 70.2%. Recognition of sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side (Northeast: 94.9%, Midwest: 95.8%, South: 93.8%, West: 94.5%) was the highest and recognition of sudden headache with no known cause (Northeast: 77.6%, Midwest: 76.4%, South: 77.7%, West: 76.5%) was the lowest for all regions. Discussion We observed similar stroke symptom recognition levels in each US region with little improvement since the mid-2010s. Additional effort should be made to increase recognition of sudden headache with no known cause in US regions with current high prevalence of stroke risk factors.

scholarly journals 693. Congenital Zika Syndrome: Assessing the Fatality Rate Since the 2015 Zika Outbreak

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S250-S250
Author(s):  
Nilson N Mendes Neto ◽  
Jessika Maia ◽  
Igor Thiago Queiroz ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues Zacarkim ◽  
Maria Goretti Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Abstract Background Many studies have demonstrated a causal link between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, microcephaly (MCP) and other congenital abnormalities (CA). This study aimed to determine the perinatal case fatality rate in cases of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), a Brazilian Northeast State highly impacted by the Zika virus outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained through the State Health Department (SHD) for cases of MCP and CA in Rio Grande do Norte from April 2015 to December 31, 2017. Definition of perinatal period: commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation and ends seven completed days after birth. Perinatal case fatality rate is defined as the number of deaths as a fraction of the number of sick persons with a specific disease (×100). Results During the study period, there were 519 cases of MCP and others CA notified in RN, of which 150 were confirmed and 126 remain under investigation. The remaining 243 cases have been ruled out by presenting normal exams or due to presenting microcephaly by non-infectious causes. Of the total confirmed cases, 30.0% (45/150) died after birth or during pregnancy. 64.4% (29/45) of confirmed deaths had ZIKV infection during pregnancy and 4.4% (02/45) had a positive TORCH blood test. The deaths related to Zika were confirmed using either clinical/epidemiological/radiological (the presence of typical and indicative alterations of congenital ZIKV infection) or clinical/epidemiological/serological (RT-PCR and/or IgM/IgG antibodies against ZIKV). Eleven cases remain under investigation and five were ruled out. Conclusion This study highlights a high rate of perinatal lethality (64.4%) in cases of CZS. Despite the growing number of CZS cases, the real incidence and prevalence might be higher due to the underreporting and lack of resources for confirmatory diagnostic tests (laboratory and imaging). Due to the high rate of lethality, our findings predict an increase in the infant mortality rate in areas endemic for arboviruses. Because the severe neurological complications caused by CZS, it is likely to pose a substantial burden on public spending on healthcare. This study may be used to better describe the congenital Zika syndrome, its prognosis and natural history. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Vitamin D deficiency in Mexicans have a high prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis of the patients from the Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Martínez-Zavala ◽  
Guillermo Nahúm López-Sánchez ◽  
Alma Vergara-Lopez ◽  
Norberto Carlos Chávez-Tapia ◽  
Misael Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis
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