scholarly journals Persistent Detection and Infectious Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Clinical Specimens from COVID-19 Patients

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Michael Zapor
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infectious Potential ◽  
Infective Potential

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in December 2019 as the causative agent of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020 has several distinctive features, including extensive multiorgan involvement with a robust systemic inflammatory response, significant associated morbidity and mortality, and prolonged persistence of viral RNA in the clinical specimens of infected individuals as detected by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. This review begins with an overview of SARS-CoV-2 morphology and replication and summarizes what is known to date about the detection of the virus in nasal, oropharyngeal, and fecal specimens of patients who have recovered from COVID-19, with a focus on the factors thought to contribute to prolonged detection. This review also provides a discussion on the infective potential of this material from asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and convalescing individuals, to include a discussion of the relative persistence and infectious potential of virus in clinical specimens recovered from pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Sahhar ◽  
Karly Derwitz ◽  
Erica Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus syndrome – COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur ◽  
◽  
Gautam Allahbadia ◽  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019 in Wuhan China, this novel Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) has spread worldwide taking not only epidemic proportions but with its rapid spread world health organization(WHO) was forced to declare it as a pandemic. The Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus is responsible for clusters of severe respiratory illness that simulates acute respiratory syndrome that was what was initially. It is thought although that it is equivalent to the high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), showing glass ground opacities in lungs. More experience is getting acquired with changes in treatment approaches from PEEP to avoid intubation and just ensure oxygen levels maintained. Human to human transmission through droplets, contaminated hands as well as surfaces, has been revealed with an incubation period varying from 2-14 days. Early diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan chest, quarantine, as well as supportive treatment are necessary for getting a cure. In this review we have tried to analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, including antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and ivermectin. With 3 successful cases of convalescent plasma achieved in USA, trials going on in India along with vaccines are also detailed in this article.

scholarly journals Contribution of CT Features in the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Houdong Zuo
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Ct Features

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread across the country and worldwide quickly. It has been defined as a major global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). As this is a novel virus, its diagnosis is crucial to clinical treatment and management. To date, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been recognized as the diagnostic criterion for COVID-19. However, the results of RT-PCR can be complemented by the features obtained in chest computed tomography (CT). In this review, we aim to discuss the diagnosis and main CT features of patients with COVID-19 based on the results of the published literature, in order to enhance the understanding of COVID-19 and provide more detailed information regarding treatment.

scholarly journals The Expression of miR-155-5p and Local Matrix Gla Protein in Meningiomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Simona Roxana Gheorghe ◽  
Cătălin Marian ◽  
Ligia Gabriela Tătăranu ◽  
Anica Dricu ◽  
Cees Vermeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ectopic Calcification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Meningiomas are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in three grades, based on morphological features. Independent of this grading, the presence of calcification in meningiomas influences their growth rate. The messenger RNA of matrix Gla protein (MGP), an extra-hepatic protein with different conformations involved in the homeostasis of ectopic calcification has been found in meningiomas and was shown to be regulated in breast cancer by miR-155-5p, a specific micro RNA. Therefore, we investigated the expression of miR-155-5p and its relationship with local MGP conformations in different grade meningiomas. According to the WHO classification, our 41 samples of meningiomas were stratified in groups WHO I and WHO II. Using real time polymerase chain reaction, we observed a higher miR-155-5p expression in group WHO I versus group WHO II [with a fold change (FC) of 3.83, p=0.027)]. Moreover, the expression of miR-155-5p was higher in calcified tumors compared to non-calcified tumors in all samples (FC=3.01, p=0.047) and in group WHO I (FC=3.65, p=0.048). Utilizing immunohistochemistry, we determined the concurrent presence of all MGP conformations in calcified meningiomas. This study was the first to establish higher miR-155-5p expression in grade WHO I and calcified meningiomas, which could improve molecular classification and targeted therapy and also the presence of all MGP conformations in calcified meningiomas, confirming the existence of an anti-calcification mechanism in meningiomas..

scholarly journals Vulvar Tuberculosis—A Rare Manifestation of the Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (09) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bragança ◽  
Inês Gonçalves ◽  
Luísa Guerreiro ◽  
Maria Janeiro
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractTuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to data from the World Health Organization, this disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although it most commonly affects the lungs, tuberculosis can compromise any organ. The present study reports a rare case of vulvar tuberculosis in a postmenopausal woman with a history of asymptomatic pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis, with no prior documented contact with the bacillus. Diagnosis was based on vulvar lesion biopsies, with histological findings suggestive of infection and isolation of M. tuberculosis by microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) essays. The lesions reverted to normal after tuberculostatic therapy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 testing: Essential for tracking infection and helping authority to overcome the challenges of spread

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rano Mal Piryani ◽  
Suneel Piryani ◽  
Shomeeta Piryani ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Muzaherul Huq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplet infection and spread very fast compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. For the countries, it is important to know at what stage the COVID-19 epidem­ic is? So, as to take appropriate steps to contain the epidemic. This will only be known by testing the suspects and contacts of confirmed cases. If there is poor testing, then most of the infected people may remain undetected, however they could spread the virus to hundreds of other people and potential contacts, which could not be known and quarantined in time continuing the spread. If there is quality assured, highly sensitive and specific testing along with adequate isolation and quarantine, then the spread will be limited. There are two types of tests available for COVID-19: the tests directly detecting the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) collected in nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, and tests detecting antibodies from the blood sample. At this point in time, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used for confirmation of the disease while antibodies tests may provide information regarding the prevalence of infection. World Health Organization advices the countries to increase the testing and get to know the level of epidemic and act accordingly for containment of infection.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of metallo-β-lactamase genes in carbapenem-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from patients in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawlah Jabbar Hussein Al-abedi ◽  
FiarsSrhan Abd Al-Mayahi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: The World Health Organization(WHO) has rated Carbapenems Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosafrom toppriority pathogens to research and develop new antibiotics.Objectives: The current work intended to detect the presence of the metallo-β-lactamase genes in Pseudomonasaeruginosaisolates cultivated from some healthcare centers in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq.Materials and methods: After induction of specific traditional cultivation and identification methods for 630 samples (244 burnswabs, 163 sputa, 115 urine samples, and 108 ear swabs), a monoplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) method aiming at 8metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) genes was followed. Partial-gene sequencing of the MBLs was also performed to understand someof the evolution history of those isolates.Results: The P. aeruginosa was identified in 100 isolates. MBL-related MPCR results showed the presence of blaVIM, blaSPM,blaGIM, blaNDM, blaAIM,blaSIM, and blaDIM genes in 16 (66.6%), and 14 (14.3%), 13 (54.1%), 1 (36.5%), 9 (37.5%), 8 (33.3%), 2(8.3%), respectively, of the isolates. No detection of the blaIMP was observed. The phylogenic study demonstrated high matchingrates, 99%, with global strains from the NCBI-related database.Conclusion: To the best of our awareness, the current work is the first in Iraq identifying metallo-β-lactamase genes inPseudomonasaeruginosa isolates.

scholarly journals Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children - a clinical example in pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
V. M. Dudnyk ◽  
V. Н. Furman ◽  
I. I. Andrikevych ◽  
N. O. Buglova ◽  
O. V. Кutsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Annotation. Peculiarities of clinical course and differential diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children with coronavirus infection are described. The main features of this disease are long-term fever, multiorgan dysfunction, laboratory signs of inflammation and positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcription (RT-PCR), antigen test or positive serological test). The criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used to confirm the MIS-C diagnosis.

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