scholarly journals The Outcome of Porcine Foetal Infection with Bungowannah Virus Is Dependent on the Stage of Gestation at Which Infection Occurs. Part 2: Clinical Signs and Gross Pathology

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Finlaison ◽  
Peter D. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Gross Pathology ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Foetal Infection

Bungowannah virus is a novel pestivirus identified from a disease outbreak in a piggery in Australia in June 2003. The aim of this study was to determine whether infection of pregnant pigs with Bungowannah virus induces the clinical signs and gross pathology observed during the initial outbreak and how this correlates with the time of infection. Twenty-four pregnant pigs were infected at one of four stages of gestation (approximately 35, 55, 75 or 90 days). The number of progeny born alive, stillborn or mummified, and signs of disease were recorded. Some surviving piglets were euthanased at weaning and others at ages up to 11 months. All piglets were subjected to a detailed necropsy. The greatest effects were observed following infection at 35 or 90 days of gestation. Infection at 35 days resulted in a significant reduction in the number of pigs born alive and an increased number of mummified foetuses (18%) and preweaning mortalities (70%). Preweaning losses were higher following infection at 90 days of gestation (29%) and were associated with sudden death and cardiorespiratory signs. Stunting occurred in chronically and persistently infected animals. This study reproduced the clinical signs and gross pathology of the porcine myocarditis syndrome and characterised the association between the time of infection and the clinical outcome.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Rubella outbreak in Poland in 2013 – an analysis of surveillance data at the national and province level

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn ◽  
Renata Majewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kiełtyka ◽  
Małgorzata Augustyniak
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation

Abstract Introduction. Poland is a member of the WHO European Region where a complete eradication of measles and rubella is planned to be finished by 2015. Poland accounted for 99% of all reported rubella cases in 27 EU/EEA countries in 2013. It is a good time to evaluate whether the established Polish vaccination strategy was sufficient to reach the goal of rubella elimination in the near future. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of rubella in Poland when the disease outbreak took place in 2013, to determine the reasons of that situation and to find the solution for future rubella elimination strategies. Material and methods. To analyze the epidemiology of rubella in Poland during the disease outbreak in 2013 the authors used rubella surveillance data collected by the Provincial and National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in 2004-2013. The information at the provincial level derived from one of the 16 provinces (Malopolska). The data on MMR vaccination coverage in 2003-2012 derived from the National Surveillance System. The percentages of rubella cases and vaccine coverage between Poland with Malopolska province were compared. Results. The outbreak started in late 2012 and continued through 2013, when 38548 rubella cases (incidence rate 100.1/ 100 000) were notified. Geographically, rubella cases were reported from the entire country, with the highest incidence rate in Malopolska province (254.9/100 000). Only 5 cases from Malopolska and 120 in whole country were laboratory confirmed, the remaining 99.7% were reported solely on the basis of clinical signs. The vaccination coverage was not sufficient to protect the population against rubella outbreak in Poland, especially among adolescents and young adult males. Conclusions. The strengthening of routine immunization program and implementation of some additional vaccination campaigns in young adults as well as laboratory confirmation of all suspected cases are the challenges that will have to be met to eliminate rubella in Poland

CA-549 Serum Levels in Breast Cancer Monitoring

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zamagni ◽  
A. Martoni ◽  
N. Cacciari ◽  
B. Bellanova ◽  
F. Vecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Extent Of Disease

CA-549 serum levels were assessed in 288 patients, 156 with early breast cancer (after surgery) and 132 with advanced breast cancer. CA-549 was abnormal (> 12 U/ml) in 25/156 patients (16%) without clinical signs of disease after surgery (median 9 U/ml), in 49/60 patients (82%) with disease in progression (P) (median 50 U/ml), in 19/27 patients (70%) with stationary disease (NC) (median 14 U/ml), in 25/33 patients (76%) with partial remission (PR) (median 18 U/ml) and in 4/12 patients (33%) with complete remission (CR) (median 9 U/ml). CA-549 serum levels correlated mainly with the extent of disease and secondarily with the prevalent metastatic site, higher values being observed in patients with visceral involvement (median 32.5 U/ml). CA-549 serum levels were also assessed in 51 patients at the start of treatment and at the time of objective evaluation: the results underline the concordance of CA-549 behavior with the clinical outcome in 71% of the cases. We conclude that CA-549 is a useful marker for monitoring breast cancer patients during the advanced stages of the disease.

scholarly journals Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bassetti ◽  
Antonio Vena ◽  
Daniele Roberto Giacobbe ◽  
Marco Falcone ◽  
Giusy Tiseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016–June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy. Results C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8–7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9–5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01–0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14–0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success. Conclusions Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT.

Ovine Adenovirus Serotype 7-associated Mortality in Lambs in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Debey ◽  
H. D. Lehmkuhl ◽  
C. Chard-Bergstrom ◽  
L. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adenovirus Serotype ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

Adenoviral infections were diagnosed in three neonatal lambs that died spontaneously, and no other etiologic agents were identified. Clinical signs were anorexia, weakness, abdominal distention, and sudden death. Microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, multifocal subacute interstitial nephritis, and loss of enterocytes from intestinal villi. Adenovirus inclusions were identified by light microscopy in the kidneys only. Adenoviral antigen, however, was identified in the liver, kidney, and intestine of the lambs by immunohistochemical techniques. An ovine adenovirus serotype 7, not previously isolated from sheep in the United States, was characterized from these lambs.

scholarly journals Swine Erysipelas; It’s Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Control and Preventive Measures, Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dessalew Habte ◽  
◽  
Dessalew Tamir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Swine Erysipelas

Erysipelas is an infectious disease seen mainly in growing pigs and characterized clinically by fever, arthritis, skin lesions and sudden death. The disease may be acute, subacute, or chronic. Swine erysipelas is a disease caused by a specific micro organ Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae whic h is a zoonotic ubiquitous gram-positive bacterium that causes erysipelas in swine, mammals, birds and erysipeloid in humans. People in contact with animals, animal products or animal wastes are at greatest risk. The acute form of swine erysipelas may have been confused for other diseases in pigs which are characterized by acute symptoms such as sudden death (for example, African swine fever). It can be diagnosed by its clinical signs, necropsy findings, bacteriology, antimicrobial response, molecular and serological examinations. It is recommended to increase awareness of the disease among animal and human practitioners as treatment is easy and available and vaccination is possible. However, the disease is still unknown to local veterinarians, clinical doctors, meat inspectors, butchers and laboratory personnel. Proper hygiene, regular pork inspection, use of protective wear among people working/ in contact with animals should be promoted. The disease causes high economic loss in pig rearing areas and influences the public health being a severe zoonotic disease. So the objective of this review is to create a better understanding of the disease for proper control and prevention of the disease

scholarly journals Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of Babesia sp. in Persistently Infected Cattle

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Alvarez ◽  
Carmen Rojas ◽  
Julio V. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
International Health ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Persistently Infected

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Babesia divergens are considered by International health authorities (OIE) as the principal species of Babesia that cause bovine babesiosis. Animals that recover from a babesial primo infection may remain as persistent carriers with no clinical signs of disease and can be the source of infection for ticks that are able to acquire Babesia parasites from infected cattle and to transmit Babesia parasites to susceptible cattle. Several procedures that have been developed for parasite detection and diagnosis of this infectious carrier state constitute the basis for this review: A brief description of the direct microscopic detection of Babesia-infected erytrocytes; PCR-based diagnostic assays, which are very sensitive particularly in detecting Babesia in carrier cattle; in-vitro culture methods, used to demonstrate presence of carrier infections of Babesia sp.; animal inoculation, particularly for B. divergens isolation are discussed. Alternatively, persistently infected animals can be tested for specific antibabesial antibodies by using indirect serological assays. Serological procedures are not necessarily consistent in identifying persistently infected animals and have the disadvantage of presenting with cross reactions between antibodies to Babesia sp.

DISSEMINATED PATHERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS IN A 4-MONTH-OLD INFANT: A CASE REPORT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-979
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Collins ◽  
Harold A. Rosenberg ◽  
Philip Warren
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Underlying Pathology

A 4-month-old infant in whom sudden death terminated a clinical picture which included conjunctivitis but was dominated by high fever, leukocytosis, and clinical signs and x-ray evidence of pneumonitis is reported along with autopsy findings. The pathologic findings were dominated by a productive, exudative, and thrombotic occlusive vasculitis involving principally the coronary arteries and their branches with a lesser degree of vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation of lungs and spleen. The clinical picture may have given a clue to the underlying pathology. Fienberg's term, "pathergic granulomatosis," may be appropriately applied to cases of this type until more is known of the etiology.

Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Mendes Bandeira ◽  
Gabriela Cardoso Caldas ◽  
Fernanda Cunha Jácome ◽  
Arthur da Costa Rasinhas ◽  
Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract The aim of the present study was to infect BALB/c mice with ZIKV to evaluate clinical signs and to quantify the viral load in different tissues at three different kinetic points. For this purpose, fifteen mice were inoculated with a 100µl of a viral solution and five other mice were used as negative controls. After euthanasia, nine different tissues were collected and macerated for RNA extraction and quantification. The infections were not lethal. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one heart sample, eight samples of spleen and two of skeletal muscle. Seven out of eleven positive samples were from mice euthanized on the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time of infection. These results contribute to a better understanding of clinical signs and replication dynamics of Zika virus in different organs of BALB/c mice, which are still scarce data in the scientific literature.

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