scholarly journals Prolonged Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Infection in the Semen of Bulls

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Read ◽  
Sarah Gestier ◽  
Kate Parrish ◽  
Deborah S. Finlaison ◽  
Xingnian Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Low Levels

Infection of bulls with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can result in the development of virus persistence, confined to the reproductive tract. These bulls develop a normal immune response with high neutralizing antibody titres. However, BVDV can be excreted in the semen for a prolonged period. Although relatively rare, in this study we describe six separate cases in bulls being prepared for admission to artificial breeding centres. Semen samples were tested in a pan-Pestivirus-reactive real-time PCR assay and viral RNA was detected in semen from five of the bulls for three to eight months after infection. In one bull, virus was detected at low levels for more than five years. This bull was found to have one small testis. When slaughtered, virus was only detected in the abnormal testis. The low levels of BVDV in the semen of these bulls were only intermittently detected by virus isolation in cell culture. This virus-contaminated semen presents a biosecurity risk and confirms the need to screen all batches of semen from bulls that have been previously infected with BVDV. The use of real-time PCR is recommended as the preferred laboratory assay for this purpose.

scholarly journals Viral shedders in a herd vaccinated against infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) without prior testing for the presence of persistently infected animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław P. Polak ◽  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Jan F. Żmudziński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Term Basis

Abstract Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), is one of the most important diseases of cattle worldwide. The purpose of the study was to determine the BVDV infection status in a dairy herd vaccinated against BVD. Before vaccination started in 2008, there had been no prior identification or the removal of the possible source of infection (persistently infected animals). It was expected that vaccination itself would enable the elimination of viral shedders on a long term basis. Material and Methods: Serological screening for antibodies against BVDV with determination for antibodies titres, BVDV antigen, and the presence of the viral genome with phylogenetic analysis of positive samples in the herd were performed, despite the lack of any clinical problems indicating possible presence of BVDV infection. Results: 19 individuals persistently infected with BVDV were identified among calves and heifers but not in adult cattle. All virus shedders were antibody negative and the genotype of isolated virus was BVDV-1b, indicating a single source of infection. The vaccine used in the herd was composed of BVDV-1a strain. In each of the tested cowsheds, antibody titres against BVDV-1b were higher than against BVDV-1a (median values). Conclusion: Despite a long-lasting vaccination programme and relatively high sequence homology of vaccinal and field strains of BVDV (83.6%), it was not possible to avoid transplacental infections of foetuses and the birth of persistently infected calves from vaccinated heifers although the protection against clinical disease was accomplished.

scholarly journals Infertility in dairy cows – Possible bacterial and viral causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Dobos ◽  
Levente Szeredi ◽  
Mislav Kovačić ◽  
Dražen Đuričić ◽  
István Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Histiocytic Infiltration

In this research uterine swab and biopsy samples were collected from 40 infertile dairy cows kept at five dairy cattle farms in Hungary. Samples were tested for bacteria including Coxiella burnetii chlamydiae, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma, and for the viruses Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 22/40 (55%) samples. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected in 3/40 (7.5%) cases by real-time PCR. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma DNA was found in 2/40 (5%) and 4/40 (10%) cows, respectively. BVD and BoHV-1 DNA was not detected in any samples. Escherichia coli as a recognised uterine pathogen was found in two cases. The following potential uterine pathogens were found: Bacillus licheniformis (one case), non- haemolytic streptococci (five cases), Histophilus somni (two cases) and Candida krusei (two cases). Blood samples were collected at same time as swab samples from all 40 cows, and their examination for C. burnetii antibodies by ELISA revealed seropositivity in 26/40 cows (65%). Histological examination of the uterine biopsy samples showed the presence of mild lympho-histiocytic infiltration in the mucosain 22 cases (59%). Moderatelympho-histiocytic infiltration of the endometrium was evident in 13 cases (35%), while in two cases (6%) severe inflammatory cell infiltration of the endometrium with lympho-histiocytes and neutrophil granulocytes was found. Although no statistical correlation could be demonstrated between the severity of histological lesions of the endometrium and the uterine pathogenicity of the bacteria (P = 0.8555), endometritis of a certain severity grade and/or a recognised or potential uterine pathogen were found in all samples. The latter may play a role in the development of infertility either collectively or independently.

Pathological lesions of lambs infected in utero with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1c (BVDV-1c)

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Evans ◽  
Lucy Woolford ◽  
Farhid Hemmatzadeh ◽  
Michael P. Reichel ◽  
Peter D. Cockcroft
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1b infection associated with congenital tremor and hypomyelination in Holstein calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 109047
Author(s):  
Laura Gallina ◽  
Michel C. Koch ◽  
Arcangelo Gentile ◽  
Ida Treglia ◽  
Cristiano Bombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Congenital Tremor

A survey for bvdv antibodies in cattle farms in Slovakia and genetic typing of bvdv isolates from imported animals

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Vilček ◽  
Jana Mojžišová ◽  
Viera Bajová ◽  
Š. Paulík ◽  
L. Strojný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Cattle Farms

A serological survey for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies on a collection of 1295 serum samples obtained from 6-12 months old cattle originating from 45 farms in Slovakia was carried out. On 13 farms more than 90% of the examined animals were seropositive, on 14 farms 71-90% seroprevalence was observed, on 13 farms only 50-70% animals were found to be positive for BVDV antibodies, while the remaining 5 farms showed fewer than 50% seropositive animals. The average incidence of BVDV antibodies (around 70%) was similar as determined 30 years ago. Of 84 serum samples from seronegative animals originating from 14 farms in which 70-98% seropositivity was observed, six were positive in Ag-BVDV ELISA indicating persistently infected (PI) cattle. On a farm to which animals were imported from abroad, a BVD outbreak was observed. Of 110 animals tested, four were positive in Ag-ELISA indicating the presence of PI cattle on this farm. Genetic typing of two isolates from imported animals performed by RT-PCR (324/326 primers from 5´-UTR), sequencing of PCR products and computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belong to BVDV-1h group.

Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antibodies in Adult Zambian Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giangaspero ◽  
G Vacirca ◽  
D Morgan ◽  
K S Baboo ◽  
N P Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus is a cosmopolitan pestivirus of animals which is associated with diarrhoea, immunosuppression and synergy with other pathogens. This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of anti-BVD virus antibodies in healthy Zambian adults and those with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV disease. Sera from 1159 adults were tested for anti-BVD virus antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence test and the confirmatory Western blot. Of the 1159 sera examined, 180 (15.5%) showed significantly elevated titres of anti-BVD antibodies. These included 70 out of 477 (14.7%) HIV-negative healthy adults; 73 out of 480 (15.2%) of HIV-positive asymptomatic individuals; 23 out of 129 (17.8%) HIV-seropositive patients with associated illnesses excluding diarrhoea; and 14 out of 73 (19.2%) of HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhoea. HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhoea or associated illnesses appear to have significantly increased seroprevalence of anti-BVD virus antibodies ( P = >0.01). The mechanism of interaction between BVD virus and HIV infections and the synergistic effects with other opportunistic pathogens in humans requires definition.

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