scholarly journals pUC18-CpG Is an Effective Adjuvant for a Duck Tembusu Virus Inactivated Vaccine

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Xintao Gao ◽  
Lichun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Tembusu Virus

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus responsible for massive economic losses in the duck industry. However, commercially inactivated DTMUV vaccines have been ineffective at inducing protective immunity in ducks. The widely used adjuvant cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) reportedly improve humoral and cellular immunities in animal models. However, its effectiveness in DTMUV vaccines requires validation. Here, we assessed the protective efficacy of pUC18-CpG as an adjuvant in an inactivated live DTMUV vaccine in ducks. Our results revealed that the serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers, positive rates of anti-DTMUV antibodies, the concentration of serum cytokines, and protection efficacy were significantly increased in ducks immunized with pUC18-CpG compared to that in the control group. Moreover, ducks immunized with a full vaccine dose containing a half dose of antigen supplemented with 40 μg of pUC18-CpG exhibited the most potent responses. This study suggests that pUC18-CpG is a promising adjuvant against DTMUV, which might prove effective in treating other viral diseases in waterfowl.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cross Protective Efficacy of Commercial Vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Waffa A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protection Efficacy

Mannheimia haemolytica together with Pasteurella multocida represents as a major bacterial causative agent of cattle, sheep and goats respiratory diseases and its one of the most important causes for economic losses to these animals .Commercially available vaccines were used to prevent infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cross protection efficacy of two vaccines to protect mice against M.haemolytica, studying humeral immunity, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Forty five mice were divided into three equal groups, group one and two were inoculated subcutaneously  4μl\JOVAPAST® and 1μl of Al-kindy vaccines respectively, while the third group was with 0.5 ml sub cutaneous PBS. LD50for M.haemolytica was estimated as 2× 106 cfu \ml and challenge test was conducted by dropping 0.05 ml 2× 106 cfu \ml intranasally after three weeks of immunization for the three groups. The results of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, showed significant increase of antibody titters at (P<0.01) in (group 1 and 2) after first and second weeks post immunization, in comparison with control group. Also, the re-isolation of M.haemolytica from lungs tissue of all groups after challenged were positive with significant difference between control and immunized group, control group was 4× 108 cfu ∕ml which was higher than immunized group one and group two,which were 2.5×104 cfu∕ml and 3,5×105 cfu∕ml respectively after 24 hour of vaccine. In conclusion, the two commercial vaccines showed good cross protection efficacy against M. haemolytica, but JOVAPAST® vaccine showed higher efficacy than Alkindy vaccine, as that it contain  two  heterologous  killed strains and providing the basis for production a vaccine from the two  pathogen of local strains. 

scholarly journals Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against duck Tembusu virus envelope protein

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Han ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Neutralization Titer ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Tembusu Virus

Abstract Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused massive economic losses to the duck industry in China. Envelope (E) protein of DTMUV is an important structural protein, which is able to induce protective immune response in target animals and can be used as specific serological diagnosis tool. In this study, a novel monoclonal antibody, designated mAb 3E9, was generated against DTMUV E protein. It is positive in indirect ELISA against both His-E protein and the purified whole viral antigen. Also, this mAb showed positive reaction with DTMUV in Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay, and the isotype was IgG1. End-point neutralizing assay performed in BHK-21 cells revealed that the neutralization titer of 3E9 against DTMUV JS804 strain reached 1:50. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that 3E9 blocks infection of DTMUV at a step on viral attachment. The anti-E mAbs produced in the present work may be valuable in developing an antigen-capture ELISA test for antigen detection or a competitive ELISA test for antibody detection or therapeutic medicine for DTMUV in poultry.

scholarly journals Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of a Formalin-Killed Francisella Noatunensis Subsp. Orientalis Vaccine Evaluated through Intraperitoneal and Immersion Challenge Methods in Oreochromis Niloticus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theeraporn Pulpipat ◽  
Shun Maekawa ◽  
Pei-Chi Wang ◽  
Shih-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Group A ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), an intracellular bacterium, causes systemic granulomatous diseases, resulting in high mortality and huge economic losses in Taiwanese tilapia farming. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a formalin-killed Fno vaccine in cultured tilapia. Fno was isolated from diseased tilapia, inactivated with formalin, and mixed with the mineral oil base adjuvant (MontanideTM ISA 763 AVG). A total of 300 tilapia were divided into two groups. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL of vaccine, which was substituted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the control group. A booster was administered at 2 weeks post-immunization. Tilapia were challenged at 6 weeks post primary immunization by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and immersion methods. Mortality was recorded at 21 and 60 days. The results revealed that the vaccine induced a greater antibody titer and led to 71% and 76% of relative percent survival (RPS) after the IP and immersion challenge. The transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related genes, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and interleukin-17C (IL-17C), were significantly upregulated after vaccination. Additionally, vaccinated fish had lower bacterial loads in the blood and lower granuloma intensities in the kidney, spleen, liver, and gill than control fish. The results in this study demonstrate that the inactivated Fno vaccine could be an essential resource in Taiwanese tilapia farming.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Attenuation of Duck Tembusu Virus Strain Du/CH/LSD/110128 following Serial Passage in Chicken Embryos

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Sun ◽  
Yunxia Li ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zongxi Han ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Tembusu Virus ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken

ABSTRACTDuck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused massive economic losses to the duck industry in China. In the current study, a virulent strain of DTMUV, designated Du/CH/LSD/110128, was isolated from the livers of diseased ducks and attenuated by serial passage in embryonated chicken eggs. The virus was partially attenuated after 50 and 70 passages and was fully attenuated after 90 passages, based on mortality and morbidity rates and viral loads in inoculated ducklings. Fourteen amino acid substitutions were observed in the capsid, prM, envelope, NS1, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 proteins of the fully attenuated strain of Du/CH/LSD/110128, which might be responsible for the observed changes in replication and pathogenicity. A 72-nucleotide deletion was also observed in the 3′ untranslated region of the virus after 30 passages. The fully attenuated virus retained the immunogenicity of the parental strain, providing effective protection to challenge with virulent Du/CH/LSD/110128, and may represent a suitable candidate as a vaccine strain against DTMUV infection in ducks. Our results also lay the foundation for future studies on the replication and pathogenic mechanisms of DTMUV.

scholarly journals Co-Expression of Chicken IL-2 and IL-7 Enhances the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a VP2-Expressing DNA Vaccine against IBDV in Chickens

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Huo ◽  
Jianlou Zhang ◽  
Jinghui Fan ◽  
Xing Wang ◽  
Fengyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gene Vector ◽  
Safe Vaccine ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Gene Vectors ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Ifn Γ

Chicken infectious bursal disease (IBD) is still incompletely controlled worldwide. Although IBD virus (IBDV) VP2 DNA vaccine was considered a safe vaccine for IBD prevention, the immunogenicity by itself remains poor, resulting in the failure of effectively protecting chickens from infection. We and others demonstrated that chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) and chIL-7 have the capacity to enhance the immunogenicity of the VP2 DNA vaccine. However, whether chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance the immunogenicity of VP2 DNA vaccine and thereby augment the latter’s protection efficacy remains unknown. By using chIL-2/chIL-7 bicistronic gene vector to co-immunize the chickens together with the VP2 DNA vaccine, we now show that chIL-2 and chIL-7 significantly increased IBDV VP2-specific antibody titers, T cell proliferation, and IFN-γ production, resulting in the ultimate enhancement of vaccine-induced protection efficacy relative to that of chIL-2 or chIL-7 gene vectors alone. These results suggest that chIL-2 and chIL-7 can mutually enhance VP2 DNA vaccine’s efficacy, thereby establishing a concrete foundation for future optimization of IBDV VP2 DNA vaccine to prevent/treat chicken IBD.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an EB66® cell culture-derived duck Tembusu virus vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-456
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Xiuqing Wang ◽  
Huijuan Duan ◽  
Pingyou He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Tembusu Virus

scholarly journals Immune Protective Evaluation Elicited by DNA Vaccination With Neospora caninum Dense Granules Proteins in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Yu ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Qiankun Yang ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Genes Encoding

Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan, is the major cause for neosporosis and brings serious economic losses to cattle breeding industries worldwide. After invasion, dense granules proteins are abundantly secreted and being important components of parasitophorous vacuole and intravacuolar network where N. caninum survives and replicates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccines with genes encoding dense granules proteins 1 (GRA1), GRA4, GRA9, GRA14, GRA17, and GRA23 against N. caninum tachyzoites in BALB/C mice. Eukaryotic expressing plasmids of pcNcGRAs were constructed and the mice were intramuscularly immunized with pcNcGRAs followed by challenging infection with lethal doses of N. caninum. Immune responses were evaluated through monitoring the levels of serum antibodies, measurement of lymphocyte proliferation, and secretion of cytokines. Immune protection assays were carried out through monitoring survival time, body weight, and parasite burden in the brains. Results showed that all the pcNcGRA DNA vaccines could trigger remarkably specific humoral and cellular responses, with higher levels of IgG and IgG2a antibodies as well as obviously increased secretion of Th1-type IFN-γ cytokines. The immune protective efficacy revealed that pcNcGRA4, pcNcGRA14, and pcNcGRA17 DNA vaccines could individually increase the survival rate to 50, 37.5, and 25% in comparison with 0% in the control group; prolong the survival time more than 20.88 ± 11.12, 18.88 ± 10.83, and 16.63 ± 10.66 days compared with the control group of 4 ± 1.31 days; and decrease parasite burden in the brains to 297.63 ± 83.77, 471.5 ± 110.74, and 592.13 ± 102.2 parasites/100 ng comparing with 1221.36 ± 269.59 parasites/100 ng in the control group. These findings indicated that NcGRA4, NcGRA14, and NcGRA17 are potential vaccine candidates; NcGRA4 displayed better performance in immune protective efficacy and could be further combined with other advantageous antigens applied to the development of safe and effective DNA vaccines against N. caninum.

scholarly journals A recombinant adenovirus expressing the E protein of duck Tembusu virus induces protective immunity in duck

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu TANG ◽  
Dongdong YIN ◽  
Rui WANG ◽  
Qi ZHOU ◽  
Xiaoya ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Tembusu Virus

scholarly journals ITRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Proteome Profiles of Primary Duck Embryo Fibroblast Cells Infected with Duck Tembusu Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Kexiang Yu ◽  
Bing Huang ◽  
Xiuli Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Duck Embryo ◽  
Tembusu Virus

Outbreaks of duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) have caused substantial economic losses in the major duck-producing regions of China since 2010. To improve our understanding of the host cellular responses to virus infection and the pathogenesis of DTMUV infection, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling coupled with multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the protein changes in duck embryo fibroblast cells (DEFs) infected and mock-infected with DTMUV. In total, 434 cellular proteins were differentially expressed, among which 116, 76, and 339 proteins were differentially expressed in the DTMUV-infected DEFs at 12, 24, and 42 hours postinfection, respectively. The Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the biological processes of the differentially expressed proteins were primarily related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, response to stimulus, and cellular organismal processes and that the molecular functions in which the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved were binding and catalytic activity. Some selected proteins that were found to be differentially expressed in DTMUV-infected DEFs were further confirmed by real-time PCR. The results of this study provide valuable insight into DTMUV-host interactions. This could lead to a better understanding of DTMUV infection mechanisms.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Rhesus Macaques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan He ◽  
Abishek Chandrashekar ◽  
Roland Zahn ◽  
Frank Wegmann ◽  
Jingyou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Antibody Titers

AbstractWe previously reported that a single immunization with an adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector-based vaccine expressing an optimized SARS-CoV-2 spike (Ad26.COV2.S) protected rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of reduced doses of Ad26.COV2.S. 30 rhesus macaques were immunized once with 1×1011, 5×1010, 1.125×1010, or 2×109 vp Ad26.COV2.S or sham and were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by the intranasal and intratracheal routes. Vaccine doses as low as 2×109 vp provided robust protection in bronchoalveolar lavage, whereas doses of 1.125×1010 vp were required for protection in nasal swabs. Activated memory B cells as well as binding and neutralizing antibody titers following vaccination correlated with protective efficacy. At suboptimal vaccine doses, viral breakthrough was observed but did not show evidence of virologic, immunologic, histopathologic, or clinical enhancement of disease compared with sham controls. These data demonstrate that a single immunization with a relatively low dose of Ad26.COV2.S effectively protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. Moreover, our findings show that a higher vaccine dose may be required for protection in the upper respiratory tract compared with the lower respiratory tract.

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