scholarly journals Estimating the Risk of Human Herpesvirus 6 and Cytomegalovirus Transmission to Ugandan Infants from Viral Shedding in Saliva by Household Contacts

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Mayer ◽  
Elizabeth M. Krantz ◽  
Anna Wald ◽  
Lawrence Corey ◽  
Corey Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Herpesvirus 6

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common in early childhood. In a prospective Ugandan birth cohort study, most infants acquired HHV-6 (24/31; 77%) and CMV (20/30; 67%) during follow-up. To assess the transmission risk, we modeled a dose–response relationship between infant HHV-6 and CMV infections and weekly oral viral shedding by mothers and all other (“secondary”) children in the home. Oral viral loads that were shed by mothers and secondary children were significantly associated with HHV-6 but not CMV transmission. While secondary children had higher and more frequent HHV-6 shedding than their mothers, they had a lower per-exposure transmission risk, suggesting that transmission to maternal contacts may be more efficient. HHV-6 transmission was relatively inefficient, occurring after <25% of all weekly exposures. Although HHV-6 transmission often occurs following repeated, low dose exposures, we found a non-linear dose–response relationship in which infection risk markedly increases when exposures reached a threshold of > 5 log10 DNA copies/mL. The lack of association between oral CMV shedding and transmission is consistent with breastfeeding being the dominant route of infant infection for that virus. These affirm saliva as the route of HHV-6 transmission and provide benchmarks for developing strategies to reduce the risk of infection and its related morbidity.

A dose-response relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood obesity: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michikazu Sekine ◽  
Takashi Yamagami ◽  
Kyoko Handa ◽  
Tomohiro Saito ◽  
Seiichiro Nanri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

scholarly journals Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K18 Superantigen Expression and Human Herpesvirus-6 and Human Herpesvirus-7 Viral Loads in Chronic Fatigue Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Oakes ◽  
Matthias Hoagland-Henefield ◽  
Anthony L. Komaroff ◽  
Jessica L. Erickson ◽  
Brigitte T. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Herpesvirus 6

Distribution and quantification of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis and control brains

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Tuke ◽  
S Hawke ◽  
P D Griffiths ◽  
D A Clark
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Variant Type ◽  
Post Mortem Brain ◽  
Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be precipitated by environmental factors, potentially including viruses, in genetically susceptible individuals and recently human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has been associated with the disease. We have analysed post mortem brain for the presence, variant type and quantity of HHV-6 by PCR. A total of 124 samples from seven anatomically defined regions of brain were tested from MS cases and controls. HHV-6 DNA was detected in 41% and 44% of MS case and control samples. The median viral loads were 11 and 9 genome copies/mg DNA in cases and controls respectively and the viral load was not increased in lesions. Except in one instance, the HHV-6 DNA detected was variant B. There was no apparent difference in the distribution of HHV-6 DNA in the brains of MS cases versus controls, nor between normal appearing and lesional tissue in MS cases. Periventricular regions of the brain were more frequently positive for HHV-6 DNA in both MS cases and controls, although this difference was not statistically significant. These studies confirm the neurotropism of HHV-6 but do not demonstrate differences in the distribution, variant type or quantity of HHV-6 in brains from patients with MS versus controls.

A SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION ASSAY FOR ANTI-ANDROGENS IN THE CHICK

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

ABSTRACT The stimulating action of testosterone on the chick's comb can be inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of norethisterone or Ro 2-7239 (2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene), 0.5 mg of cortisol or progesterone, and by 4.5 mg of Mer-25 (1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl ethanol). No dose response relationship could be established. Norethisterone was the most active anti-androgen by this test.

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