scholarly journals Antibody Response to Feline Calicivirus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Cats

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bergmann ◽  
Speck ◽  
Rieger ◽  
Truyen ◽  
Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Elisa Titer ◽  
Adult Cats

This study evaluated the prevalence of feline calicivirus (FCV) antibodies and response to vaccination in healthy adult cats. Cats >1 year (n = 111) that had not been vaccinated within 12 months of enrollment in the study received a vaccine containing inactivated FCV antigen strains 431 and G1. Antibodies were determined on Days 0, 7, and 28 by virus neutralization (VN) using FCV isolate KS20, and by broad spectrum blocking FCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Factors associated with the presence of antibodies and vaccine response were determined by uni- and multivariate analysis. Pre-vaccination antibodies were detected in 62.2% of cats (CI95%: 52.9–70.1) by VN and in 77.2% (CI95%: 67.5–84.6) by ELISA. A ≥4-fold titer increase after vaccination was observed in 13.6% (CI95%: 8.3–21.4) of cats with VN and 33.7% (CI95%: 24.5–44.5) with ELISA. Factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination VN antibodies were age (≥2 years; OR: 7.091; p = 0.022) and lack of previous vaccination (OR: 3.472; p = 0.014). The presence of pre-vaccination ELISA antibodies was associated with time since last vaccination (OR: 5.672; p = 0.043). Outdoor cats were more likely to have a ≥4-fold ELISA titer increase (OR: 5.556; p = 0.005). Many cats had pre-vaccination FCV antibodies, and their presence depended on previous vaccinations and increases with age. A ≥4-fold titer increase was rarely observed and was influenced by the lifestyle of the cat.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Monika Freisl ◽  
Yury Zablotski ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
Uwe Truyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaccination Response

Background: Re-vaccination against canine adenovirus (CAV) is performed in ≤3-year-intervals but their necessity is unknown. The study determined anti-CAV antibodies within 28 days of re-vaccination and factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Methods: Ninety-seven healthy adult dogs (last vaccination ≥12 months) were re-vaccinated with a modified live CAV-2 vaccine. Anti-CAV antibodies were measured before vaccination (day 0), and after re-vaccination (day 7, 28) by virus neutralization. A ≥4-fold titer increase was defined as vaccination response. Fisher’s exact test and multivariate regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with the absence of antibodies and vaccination response. Results: Totally, 87% of dogs (90/97; 95% CI: 85.61–96.70) had anti-CAV antibodies (≥10) before re-vaccination. Vaccination response was observed in 6% of dogs (6/97; 95% CI: 2.60–13.11). Time since last vaccination (>3–5 years, OR = 9.375, p = 0.020; >5 years, OR= 25.000, p = 0.006) was associated with a lack of antibodies. Dogs from urban areas were more likely to respond to vaccination (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Many dogs had anti-CAV pre-vaccination antibodies, even those with an incomplete vaccination series. Most dogs did not respond to re-vaccination. Based on this study, dogs should be re-vaccinated every 3 years or antibodies should be determined.

Antibody response to feline herpesvirus-1 vaccination in healthy adult cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
Anna Rieger ◽  
Uwe Truyen ◽  
Katrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Privately Owned

Objectives Vaccination against feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is recommended for all cats. However, it is unknown how adult healthy cats with different pre-vaccination antibodies respond to FHV-1 vaccination in the field. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 in healthy adult cats and the response to FHV-1 vaccination within 28 days of vaccination. Methods One hundred and ten cats (⩾1 year of age) that had not received a vaccination within the past 12 months were vaccinated with a combined FHV-1 vaccine. Antibodies against FHV-1 were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 by serum neutralisation test. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and response to vaccination. Results Pre-vaccination neutralising antibody titres (⩾10) were present in 40.9% of cats (45/110; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32.2–50.3); titres were generally low (range 10–640). Antibody response to vaccination (⩾four-fold titre increase) was observed in 8.3% (9/109; 95% CI 4.2–15.1). Cats ⩾2 years of age were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than cats aged between 1 and 2 years (odds ratio [OR] 24.619; P = 0.005). Cats from breeders were more likely to have pre-vaccination neutralising antibodies than privately owned cats (OR 7.070; P = 0.007). Domestic shorthair cats were more likely to have an at least four-fold titre increase vs purebred cats (OR 11.22; P = 0.027). Conclusions and relevance Many cats have no detectable neutralising antibodies against FHV-1 despite previous vaccinations and fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination. This is likely because older cats and cats with a higher FHV-1 exposure risk are more likely to get infected with FHV-1 and thus to have FHV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Purebred cats more often fail to develop a ⩾four-fold titre increase after vaccination.

scholarly journals Antibody response to feline panleukopenia virus vaccination in healthy adult cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Stephanie Schwertler ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
Uwe Truyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Feline Panleukopenia Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Adult Cats

Objectives According to prior studies, between 25.0% and 92.8% of adult cats have antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and thus are likely protected against FPV infection. It is, however, unknown how healthy adult cats with different antibody titres react to FPV vaccination in the field. Therefore, the aim of the study was to measure antibody titres in healthy adult cats within a period of 28 days after vaccination against FPV and to evaluate factors that are associated with a lack of adequate response to vaccination. Methods One hundred and twelve healthy adult cats were vaccinated with a vaccine against FPV, feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus. Antibodies against FPV were determined before vaccination (day 0), on day 7 and day 28 after vaccination by haemagglutination inhibition (HI). A HI titre ⩾1:40 was defined as protective. An adequate response to vaccination was defined as a four-fold titre increase. Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine factors associated with an adequate response. Results Pre-vaccination antibody titres of ⩾1:40 were present in 64.3% (72/112; 95% confidence interval [CI] 55.1–72.6). Only 47.3% (53/112; 95% CI 37.8–57.0) of cats had an adequate response to vaccination. Factors associated with an adequate response to vaccination were lack of previous vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 15.58; 95% CI 1.4–179.1; P = 0.035), lack of antibodies (⩾1:40) prior to vaccination (OR 23.10; 95% CI 5.4–98.8; P <0.001) and breed (domestic shorthair cats; OR 7.40; 95% CI 1.4–38.4; P = 0.017). Conclusions and relevance As none of the cats with high pre-vaccination antibody titres (⩾1:160) had an at least four-fold increase in FPV antibody titres, measurement of antibodies rather than regular revaccinations should be performed. Thus, evaluation of FPV antibody titre in cats with previous vaccinations against FPV are recommended prior to revaccination.

scholarly journals Vaccination of Rabbits with an Alkylated Toxoid Rapidly Elicits Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype B

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Held ◽  
Amy C. Shurtleff ◽  
Scott Fields ◽  
Christopher Green ◽  
Julie Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Titer ◽  
Serotype B

ABSTRACT New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunized with several different nontoxic botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BoNT/B) preparations in an effort to optimize the production of a rapid and highly potent, effective neutralizing antibody response. The immunogens included a recombinant heavy chain (rHc) protein produced in Escherichia coli, a commercially available formaldehyde-inactivated toxoid, and an alkylated toxoid produced by urea-iodoacetamide inactivation of the purified active toxin. All three immunogens elicited an antibody response to BoNT/B, detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by toxin neutralization assay, by the use of two distinct mouse toxin challenge models. The induction period and the ultimate potency of the observed immune response varied for each immunogen, and the ELISA titer was not reliably predictive of the potency of toxin neutralization. The kinetics of the BoNT/B-specific binding immune response were nearly identical for the formaldehyde toxoid and alkylated toxoid immunogens, but immunization with the alkylated toxoid generated an approximately 10-fold higher neutralization potency that endured throughout the study, and after just 49 days, each milliliter of serum was capable of neutralizing 107 50% lethal doses of the toxin. Overall, the immunization of rabbits with alkylated BoNT/B toxoid appears to have induced a neutralizing immune response more rapid and more potent than the responses generated by vaccination with formaldehyde toxoid or rHc preparations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Canine Distemper Virus and Response to Vaccination in Client-Owned Adult Healthy Dogs

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Michèle Bergmann ◽  
Monika Freisl ◽  
Yury Zablotski ◽  
Md Anik Ashfaq Khan ◽  
Stephanie Speck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Re-vaccinations against canine distemper virus (CDV) are commonly performed in 3-year intervals. The study’s aims were to determine anti-CDV antibodies in healthy adult dogs within 28 days of vaccination against CDV, and to evaluate factors associated with the presence of pre-vaccination antibodies and with the antibody response to vaccination. Ninety-seven dogs, not vaccinated within 1 year before enrollment, were vaccinated with a modified live CDV vaccine. A measurement of the antibodies was performed before vaccination (day 0), on day 7, and 28 after the vaccination by virus neutralization. A response to vaccination was defined as a ≥4-fold titer increase by day 28. Fisher´s exact test was used to determine factors associated with a lack of antibodies and vaccination response. In total, 94.8% of the dogs (92/97; CI 95%: 88.2–98.1) had antibodies (≥10) prior to vaccination. A response to vaccination was not observed in any dog. Five dogs were considered humoral non-responders; these dogs neither had detectable antibodies before, nor developed antibodies after vaccination. Young age (<2 years) was significantly associated with a lack of pre-vaccination antibodies (p = 0.018; OR: 26.825; 95% CI: 1.216–1763.417). In conclusion, necessity of re-vaccination in adult healthy dogs should be debated and regular vaccinations should be replaced by antibody detection.

Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Marchioro ◽  
C.M. Colli ◽  
É.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.M. Viol ◽  
S.M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Factors

AbstractThis study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to T. gondii were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to Toxocara were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with T. gondii and Toxocara spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to T. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies to Toxocara spp. The presence of antibodies to Toxocara spp. increased the risk of T. gondii infection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected by T. gondii than those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocara spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for Toxocara spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.

scholarly journals C-Terminal Invariable Domain of VlsE Is Immunodominant but Its Antigenicity Is Scarcely Conserved among Strains of Lyme Disease Spirochetes

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3224-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
Lisa C. Bowers ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal

ABSTRACT VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains located at the amino and carboxyl terminal ends, respectively, and a central variable domain. In this study, both immunogenicity and antigenic conservation of the C-terminal invariable domain were assessed. Mouse antiserum to a 51-mer synthetic peptide (Ct) which reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE from B. burgdorferi strain B31 was reacted on immunoblots with whole-cell lysates extracted from spirochetes of 12 strains from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The antiserum recognized only VlsE from strain B31, indicating that epitopes of this domain differed among these strains. When Ct was used as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, all of the seven monkeys and six mice that were infected with B31 spirochetes produced a strong antibody response to this peptide, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain is immunodominant. None of 12 monkeys and only 11 of 26 mice that were infected with strains other than B31 produced a detectable anti-Ct response, indicating a limited antigenic conservation of this domain among these strains. Twenty-six of 33 dogs that were experimentally infected by tick inoculation were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 5 of 18 serum samples from dogs clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. Fifty-seven of 64 serum specimens that were collected from American patients with Lyme disease were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 12 of 21 European samples contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. In contrast, antibody to the more conserved invariable region IR6 of VlsE was present in all of these dog and human serum samples.

scholarly journals Determinants of Protection Against Measles Infection in a Vaccinated Healthcare Worker

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s185-s185
Author(s):  
Annie St-Pierre ◽  
Anne-Marie Charron ◽  
Pamela Doyon-Plourde ◽  
Caroline Quach
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Secondary Case ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Equivocal Result ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Care Worker

Background: In 2019, a measles community outbreak resulted in a secondary case in a health care worker (HCW) working in a pediatric hospital in Montral, Canada. Following the event, HCWs were screened to identify individuals susceptible to measles infection based on serology results. Objective: Our aim was to assess measles seroprotection rates and to evaluate vaccine responses of susceptible HCWs using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: Emergency department (ED) employees, including doctors, were screened for measles susceptibility as part of a postoutbreak measure by the hospital occupational health service. Demographic information was collected. Measles history and vaccination information were collected using a personal vaccination booklet, employee vaccination profile, or the Qubec vaccination registry. According to the Quebec Immunization Protocol (PIQ), individuals born before 1970, or who have received 2 doses of a measles-containing vaccines are considered protected. Individuals with undetectable or equivocal antibody levels were considered at risk of measles infection. These individuals were offered vaccination and were tested for vaccine response 4 weeks after vaccination. Results: Anti-IgG measles antibody results, demographic information, and vaccination information were obtained for 257 employees. The results are currently available for 233 HCWs: 224 HCWs (96%) were seropositive, 7 (3%) were seronegative, and 2 were equivocal. Among seronegative individuals, 6 (85.7%) were born after 1980 and 3 (42.9%) had received 2 doses of a measles-containing vaccine. Of those with an equivocal result, 1 (50%) had received 2 doses and 1 (50%), born after 1970, did not confirm vaccination status. Finally, 9 (4%) of seropositive individuals were not vaccinated; of whom 8 (88.9%) were born before 1970. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that the 95% immunity threshold that is usually required to prevent secondary transmission of measles has been reached in our ED HCW cohort. Even years after the second MMR dose, HCWs remain well protected. Relying on documented vaccination status is thus acceptable.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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