scholarly journals Final Consumer Options to Control and Prevent Foodborne Norovirus Infections

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Guix ◽  
Rosa Pintó ◽  
Albert Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Consumer Habits ◽  
Final Consumer ◽  
Made In

Norovirus (NoV) causes about one-fifth of all cases of foodborne diseases and is a foremost cause of domestically acquired foodborne acute gastroenteritis and outbreaks. NoV infections are often associated with the consumption of contaminated fresh and ready-to-eat produce, fresh and frozen berries, raw/undercooked bivalve mollusks and products which become contaminated during handling. Despite many industrial efforts to control and prevent NoV contamination of foods, the prevalence of NoV in high-risk foodstuffs at retail is still significant. Although certain consumer behaviors may even increase the risk of virus transmission, interventions aiming at changing/implementing consumer habits may be considered as opportunities for risk mitigation. This review aims at providing an update on the progress made in characterizing the effect that consumer habits, which are most critical to prevent NoV transmission (food choice and hygiene, disinfection and cooking during food preparation), may have on reducing the risk of NoV infection. A better understanding of the options for NoV control and prevention may be translated into innovative educational, social or even technological tools targeting consumers with the objective of mitigating the risk of NoV transmission.

scholarly journals The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Maryam Feiz Arefi ◽  
Amin Babaei-Pouya ◽  
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND: Quarantine is considered as an effective solution in the early stages of an epidemic. In the case of the coronavirus epidemic, quarantine was also recommended and implemented as a significant guideline to prevent the disease. However, despite the benefits of quarantine, there are also complications and problems. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study was conducted as a literature review through searching the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct for papers published before July 2020. The research was conducted based on the keywords “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “quarantine.” The references of the papers were also reviewed to find the ones not found in the databases. The guidelines published by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used in this study. RESULTS: Although quarantine is applied as an important and primary solution in the outbreak of epidemics, in cases of pandemics, it may not be free of negative effects on individuals and public health. However, because of the need to reopen and restart social and economic activities, some changes should be made in lifestyles and work activities. Using cyberspace and telework can be helpful. As the findings showed, COVID-19 bubbles can be used to restore social communications. CONCLUSION: Using masks, avoiding unnecessary gatherings, complying with personal and social hygiene, and respecting social distancing can be valuable solutions that, if implemented properly, can decrease the rate of the disease significantly. It is also emphasized that quarantine is still necessary and important as the best solution for sick people and individuals who are suspected carriers of the disease.

Multimedia Technologies in Education

2009 ◽  
pp. 1017-1022
Author(s):  
Armando Cirrincione
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
The Web ◽  
Made In

Multimedia technologies (MMT) are tools that make it possible to transmit information in a very large meaning, transforming them into knowledge through leveraging the learning power of senses in learners and stimulating their cognitive schemes. This kind of transformation can assume several different forms: from digitalized images to virtual reconstructions; from simple text to iper-texts that allow customized, fast, and cheap research within texts; from communications framework like the Web to tools that enhance all our senses, allowing complete educational experiences (Piacente, 2002b). MMT are composed by two great conceptually-different frameworks (Piacente, 2002a): • Technological supports, such as hardware and software: this refers to technological tools such as mother boards, displays, videos, audio tools, databases, communications software and hardware, and so on, that make it possible to transfer contents; • Contents: this refers to information and knowledge transmitted with MMT tools. Information is simply data (such as visiting timetable of museum, cost of tickets, the name of the author of a picture), while knowledge comes from information elaborated in order to get a goal. For instance, a complex iper-text about a work of art, where several pieces of information are connected in a logical discourse, is knowledge. For the same reason, a virtual reconstruction comes from knowledge about the rebuilt facts. Contents can also be video games, as far as they are conceived for educational purposes (Egenfeldt-Nielsen, 2005; Gros, 2007). It is relevant to underline that to some extent technological supports represent a condition and a limit for contents (Wallace, 1995). In other words, content could be expressed just through technological supports, and this means that content has to be made in order to fit for specific technological support, and that the limits of a specific technological support are also the limits of its content. For instance, the specific architecture of a database represents a limit within which contents have to be recorded and have to be traced. This is also evident when thinking about content as a communicative action: Communication is strictly conditioned by the tool that we are using.

scholarly journals Viruses as a cause of foodborne diseases: a review of the literature 

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vasickova ◽  
L. Dvorska ◽  
A. Lorencova ◽  
I. Pavlik
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Viruses ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Cellular Specificity ◽  
Contaminated Food

Viruses cause many diseases in plants, animals, and humans. They are strict intracellular parasites with cellular specificity. Viral particles can be transmitted by different routes, such as contaminated food and water. People usually get infected orally, after ingestion of products contaminated during processing or subsequent handling or preparation. This review article is focused on the most severe foodborne viruses specific for humans, of the following genera: Norovirus, Enterovirus, Hepatovirus, Astrovirus, and some others. Methods for detecting viruses in food and strategies for preventing virus transmission via food are also discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhiman Cheeyandira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

Abstract Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Brief Report of Guidelines and Protocols for the Management of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira ◽  
Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca ◽  
Roberto Badaró ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coordinate Data

In less than a year, the novel coronavirus rapidly changed the world scenario. To dealing with the fast spread of the disease, health associations coordinate data flows and issue guidelines to better mitigate the impact of the threat. Also, scientific groups around the world are working to ensure that all information about the mechanisms of the virus, transmission, and disease clinics is updated as the disease progresses. The objective of this study was to present the guidelines and recommendations for preventing, management strategies, clarifications about pandemics disinformation, and diagnosing COVID-19 infection in human specimens adopted from the main health centers and institutions in the world, such as WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It is important to highlight that the rapid and effective enforcement of existing international and national action plans, as well as parallel review and improvisation, is facilitating the affected countries to contain transmission and possibly delay the peak of outbreak and mortality.

scholarly journals Variations in infection control practices suggest a need for guidelines in primary ciliary dyskinesia patient care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Caliskan ◽  
Amjad Horani ◽  
Michele Manion ◽  
Steven Brody
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Respiratory Tract ◽  
And Function

Primary ciliary dyskinesis (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with impaired mucociliary clearance caused by defects in ciliary structure and function. The major clinical feature of PCD is recurring or persistent respiratory tract infection. Respiratory tract colonization with drug-resistant organisms impact the frequency of infections and lung function decline. Protective gear has been employed by caregivers in an attempt to control respiratory tract bacterial spread between patients with cystic fibrosis but use in PCD is not known. We conducted a web-based survey to investigate infection control and prevention practices of PCD centers in North America. The response rate was 87.0%. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, glove, gown and mask use was variable, and only 3.7% of centers used masks during encounters with PCD outpatients. After COVID-19 mandates are lifted, 48.1% of centers plan to continue to use masks during outpatient care, while the practice regarding use of gloves and gowns was not influenced by the current pandemic. There is no uniform practice for infection control in PCD care indicating the need for practice guidelines. Mitigation of respiratory virus transmission learned during the COVID-19 pandemic may impact future infection control approaches used for patients with PCD and other lung diseases.

A New Approach for the Geotechnical Zoning of the Rights of Way

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Chaves Agudelo ◽  
Jaime Aristizabal Ceballos ◽  
Carlos Motta Tierradentro ◽  
Juan Alvarado Franco
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract Usually, the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones is established through the analysis of information on a regional (and even national) scale of those characteristics that define the topographic, geological, climatic, and land use conditions by categorizing them and applying algorithms of interaction between these variables. However, in technical literature and in technical reports of state entities that manage natural hazards, new advances are being made in the determination of other aspects or variables that detail the condition of geotechnical susceptibility; at the same time, nowadays there are technological tools for the massive analysis of information and its spatialization. This article presents a new approach to the definition of geotechnically homogeneous zones using these technological tools. A comparison is made against the conventional definition.

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