scholarly journals Human Coronavirus Infections in Israel: Epidemiology, Clinical Symptoms and Summer Seasonality of HCoV-HKU1

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehemya Friedman ◽  
Hadar Alter ◽  
Musa Hindiyeh ◽  
Ella Mendelson ◽  
Yonat Shemer Avni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
One Year

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause mild to severe respiratory diseases. Six types of HCoVs have been discovered, the most recent one termed the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The aim of this study is to monitor the circulation of HCoV types in the population during 2015–2016 in Israel. HCoVs were detected by real-time PCR analysis in 1910 respiratory samples, collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients during the winter sentinel influenza survey across Israel. Moreover, 195 HCoV-positive samples from hospitalized patients were detected during one year at Soroka University Medical Center. While no MERS-CoV infections were detected, 10.36% of patients in the survey were infected with HCoV-OC43 (43.43%), HCoV-NL63 (44.95%), and HCoV-229E (11.62%) viruses. The HCoVs were shown to co-circulate with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and to appear prior to influenza virus infections. HCoV clinical symptoms were more severe than those of RSV infections but milder than influenza symptoms. Hospitalized patients had similar HCoV types percentages. However, while it was absent from the public winter survey, 22.6% of the patients were HCoV-HKU1 positives, mainly during the spring-summer period.

Review of Neurologic Comorbidities in Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Abuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001080
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Nelson ◽  
Katelyn Dolbec ◽  
William Watson ◽  
Hanwen Yuan ◽  
Mam Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spine Disorders

AbstractPurpose of review:Determine the prevalence and burden of neurological comorbidities in hospitalized patients with opioid abuse.Recent findings:From one year of hospital discharges 2,182 opioid abuse patients were identified (prevalence 6.3%), with abuse greater among younger patients (p<0.0001), women (p<0.0001), whites (p<0.0001), and urban population (p=0.028). Matching for age, sex, race, and urban-rural residence, 347 patients were reviewed and 179 (52%) had a neurological comorbidity. The comorbidities frequently overlapped and included: encephalopathy (130), neuromuscular disorders (42), seizures (23), spine disorders (23), strokes (20), central nervous system infections (3), and movement disorders (2). Abuse patients with neurologic comorbidities experienced substantially greater number of hospital and intensive care unit days and mortality, independent of overdose.Summary:Neurological comorbidities are a frequent and heretofore underappreciated contributor to the disease burden of hospitalized patients with opioid abuse. The importance of neurological comorbidities should be included in the public health discussions surrounding the opioid epidemic.

scholarly journals A comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Caul ◽  
D. K. Waller ◽  
S. K. R. Clarke ◽  
B. D. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYAmong 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza A virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza B virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 259 (35 %). Both influenza virus and RSV infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. Influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. Both infections occurred more often, but were not more severe, in children from a conurbation than in those from ‘rural’ areas. Convulsions were the cause of 36% of admissions with influenza A infections, but were rare in RSV infections. Bronchiolitis was the reason for 39% of admissions with RSV infections, but was rare in influenza infections. It is suggested that infants admitted to hospital are a good source of influenza virus strains for monitoring arttigenic variation.

scholarly journals Human Coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infections in Beijing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Jin Cui ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Rou-Jian Lu ◽  
Zheng-De Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nucleoprotein Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Beijing China

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 are two recently discovered coronaviruses that circulate widely and are associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI). We detected HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 in specimens collected from May 2008 to March 2010 from patients with ARI aged <7.75 years of age attending the Beijing Children's Hospital. Thirty-two (8.4%) and 57 (14.9%) of 382 specimens tested positive for HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively, by real-time RT-PCR. Use of a Luminex xTAG RVP Fast kit showed that coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza 3 virus was common among patients infected with either virus type. In HCoV-HKU1-infected patients, the predominant clinical symptoms were cough, fever, and expectoration. In HCoV-NL63-infected patients they were cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Phylogenetic studies showed that the HCoV-HKU1 nucleoprotein gene was relatively conserved compared to NCBI reference sequences, while the 1ab gene of HCoV-NL63 showed more variation.

Susceptibility to rhinovirus-induced early wheezing as a risk factor for subsequent asthma development

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannele Mikkola ◽  
Minna Honkila ◽  
Terhi Tapiainen ◽  
Tuomas Jartti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Interferon Responses

Abstract: Rhinovirus is one of the two most common viral agents that cause bronchiolitis in young children. During the first 12 months, it is second to the respiratory syncytial virus, but after 12 months, it begins dominating the statistics. Wheezing and dry cough are typical clinical symptoms indicative of rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis, although overlap of symptoms with other virus infections is common. Several studies have shown that atopic predisposition and reduced interferon responses increase susceptibility to rhinovirus-induced wheezing. More recent studies have found that certain genetic variations at strong asthma loci also increase susceptibility. Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in the early years of life is known to increase the risk of subsequent asthma development and may be associated with airway remodeling. This risk is increased by aeroallergen sensitization. Currently, there are no clinically approved preventive treatments for asthma. However, studies show promising results indicating that children with rhinovirus-affected first-time wheezing respond to bronchodilators in terms of less short-term symptoms and that controlling airway inflammatory responses with anti-inflammatory medication may markedly decrease asthma development. Also, enhancing resistance to respiratory viruses has been a topic of discussion. Primary and secondary prevention strategies are being developed with the aim of decreasing the incidence of asthma. Here, we review the current knowledge on rhinovirus-induced early wheezing as a risk factor for subsequent asthma development and related asthma-prevention strategies.

scholarly journals 987. Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis as a Complication of Respiratory Viral Infection in Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S584-S584
Author(s):  
Bertha A De Los Santos ◽  
Brian J Barnes ◽  
Nicholas Britt
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly recognized as a complication of severe respiratory viral infections (RVIs), including influenza and COVID-19. However, the incidence and outcomes of IPA following other RVIs is not well-described. We hypothesized that IPA may be an underreported complication of non-influenza RVIs. The objective of this study was to quantify the incidence and associated outcomes of IPA following RVI in hospitalized patients. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of adult hospitalized patients with RVI diagnosed by multiplex PCR-based assay at the University of Kansas Hospital (Kansas City, Kansas) from September 2018-October 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of proven or probable IPA prior to RVI and those with hospital admission &lt; 24 h were excluded from analysis. Proven or probable IPA was defined according to EORTC/MSGERC consensus definitions. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Results A total of 195 patients met study criteria and were included in the analysis. The most common types of RVI observed were rhinovirus/enterovirus (57.9%, n=113), parainfluenza (13.3%, n=26), influenza (8.2%, n=16), and respiratory syncytial virus (7.7%, n=15). The cumulative incidence of IPA infection within 6 weeks of RVI was 5.6% (n=11). Excluding patients co-infected with multiple respiratory viruses (n=5), IPA was numerically more likely to occur following influenza compared to non-influenza RVI (12.5% [ n=2/16] vs. 4.6% [n=8/174]; odds ratio, 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-15.3; P=0.176). Overall, one-year all-cause mortality was 20% (n=39/195) in this cohort. Development of IPA as a complication of RVI was associated with a significant decrease in 1-year survival (hazard ratio [HR], 3.04; 95% CI, 1.19-7.78; P=0.021), and this relationship persisted after adjustment for age (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.08-7.10; P=0.034). Conclusion In a cohort of hospitalized patients with RVI, 5.6% of patients developed proven or probable IPA. Although IPA was more likely to occur in patients with influenza, this complication was also observed with other types of RVI. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis may be an underappreciated complication of non-influenza RVI in hospitalized patients and warrants continued study. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and clonality of Acinetobacter spp in a Lebanese hospital over a period of one year

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02.1) ◽  
pp. 17S
Author(s):  
Micheline Soudeiha ◽  
Elie Salem Sokhn ◽  
Ziad Daoud ◽  
Dolla Sarkis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Keyhole Effect ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
One Year

Introduction: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp and their clonal dissemination call for the investigation into Acinetobacter spp epidemiology. Methodology: 100 nonrepetitive Acinetobacter spp isolates were recovered from patients admitted at Saint- George-Hospital-University-Medical-Center-Beirut, in a one-year period. Identification of the isolates was determined by the API20NE and confirmed by PCR amplification of blaOXA-51-like. Susceptibility to carbapenems and colistin were determined by the microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI, 2015.The β lactamase inhibitors: PBA, EDTA, and Cloxacillin were used for the detection of KPC, MBL and AmpC, respectively. ESBL producers were detected whenever a keyhole effect was observed between 3rd generation cephalosporin and Augmentin®. Simplex PCR was conducted for the genotypic detection of β lactamases. ERIC and 3LST-PCR were performed to determine the clonality of the isolates. Results: Our findings showed that 84% were carbapenem resistant. Only one isolate was resistant to colistin. Phenotypically, 23 were ESBL, 15 KPC, 5 AmpC, and 4 MBL producers. PCR analysis showed that 99%, 93%, 77% and 3 % of the isolates harbored blaOXA-51-like, blaADC, blaOXA-23-like, and blaOXA-40-like, respectively. ERIC-PCR analysis showed that A.baumannii isolates were clustered in 19 possibly related and 30 closely related subtypes. The 3-LST-PCR showed that 86.2% of the A.baumannii isolates pertained to the ICII (international clone II). Conclusion: Our study showed a predominance of OXA-23-like producers and dissemination of ICII. Inhibitor based method was shown not to be accurate for the prediction of carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. Infection control measures are needed for management of Acinetobacter spp infections.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Etiology of Respiratory Virus Infections in Hospitalized Patients Depending on the Demographic, Socio-Economic Factors and Previous Vaccination

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Sominina ◽  
M. M. Pisareva ◽  
Zh. V. Buzitskaya ◽  
L. V. Osidak ◽  
V. F. Sukhovetskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Etiology of respiratory virus infections among 1699 hospitalized patients (HP) was determined by PCR during the period of increased influenza activity in 2012 - 2013 season. The rate of accidence of influenza virus in dependence of gender, age, social and demographic factors and previous vaccination was analysed. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely. According to results obtained rate of influenza detection in HP was significantly higher among adults in comparison with children (63,5 and 30,7% of investigated patients, correspondingly). Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses were detected the most regularly (8.7 and 3.1%, correspondingly) in children, parainfluenza and adenoviruses were registered rarely (1.4 and 2.1%, correspondingly). Rate of detection of coronaviruses and bocavirus was low and varied in the range 0.3 - 0.6%. Indicated above ARI agents among hospitalized adults were detected rarely (0 - 1.5%) with exception of RSV which was detected among elderly (75 - 84 years) in 5.9% cases. No metapneumovirus cases were detected among HP in indicated period. Although males dominated (58%) among HP influenza cases, regardless of the type/subtype, were registered more frequently among girls in comparison with the boys of the same age groups. Influenza cases were registered more frequenly as well among smoking than in not smoking patients. Young children dominated in the age structure of HP, while the elderly were hospitalized very rarely.

Incidence of Completed and Attempted Suicide in Trabzon, Turkey

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Bilici ◽  
Mehmet Bekaroğlu ◽  
Çiçek Hocaoğlu ◽  
Serhat Gürp&inodot;nar ◽  
Cengiz Soylu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
State Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Objective: Studies of completed and attempted suicide in Turkey are based on data of State Institute of Statistics (SIS) and emergency clinics of the large hospitals. This study seeks (1) to find, independent of the SIS and hospital data, the annual incidences of completed and attempted suicide in Trabzon, Turkey; (2) to examine the associated factors between the incidence of completed and attempted suicide. Method: The data are derived by using a method specially designed for this study. Data sources include emergency clinics in all hospitals, village clinics, the Forensic Medical Center of Trabzon, the Governorship of Trabzon, “mukhtars” (local village representatives) of neighborhoods, the Office of the Public Prosecutor of Trabzon, the Police Headquarters and Gendarmerie, and the local press organs. Results: The incidences of completed and attempted suicide per 100,000 inhabitants turned out to be 2.60 and 31.5, respectively, whereas the SIS reported the incidence of completed suicide to be 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in Trabzon in 1995. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that SIS data are inadequate for suicide research in Turkey. Our findings show that the risk of completed and attempted suicide is high in young, unmarried, and unemployed persons, and that these groups must be carefully evaluated for suicide risk. The study highlights the need for culture-specific research on suicidal behavior in Turkey.

Tennis- und Golfer-Ellenbogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lateral Epicondylitis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
One Year ◽  
Golfer’S Elbow ◽  
Non Surgical Treatment

“Tennis and golfer’s elbow” are common pathologies due to overload of forearm extensors and flexors, and actually occur mostly outside tennis and golf sports. Several differential diagnoses of medial and lateral epicondylitis have to be excluded as there are a number of other conditions with similar clinical symptoms. The high rate of spontaneous recovery has to be considered in treatment. Evidence based conservative treatment comprises excentric physiotherapy, local injections, and physical methods. Surgery is reserved for patients with persistence of symptoms for more than one year despite non-surgical treatment.

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