scholarly journals Bateson and Wright on Number and Quantity: How to Not Separate Thinking from Its Relational Context

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
William P. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Relational Context ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Logical Types ◽  
Made In

As part of his explication of the epistemological error made in separating thinking from its ecological context, Bateson distinguished counts from measurements. With no reference to Bateson, the measurement theory and practice of Benjamin Wright also recognizes that number and quantity are different logical types. Describing the confusion of counts and measures as schizophrenic, like Bateson, Wright, a physicist and certified psychoanalyst, showed mathematically that convergent stochastic processes informing counts are predictable in ways that facilitate methodical measurements. Wright’s methods experimentally evaluate the complex symmetries of nonlinear and stochastic numeric patterns as a basis for estimating interval quantities. These methods also retain connections with locally situated concrete expressions, mediating the data display by contextualizing it in relation to the abstractly communicable and navigable quantitative unit and its uncertainty. Decades of successful use of Wright’s methods in research and practice are augmented in recent collaborations of metrology engineers and psychometricians who are systematically distinguishing numeric counts from measured quantities in new classes of knowledge infrastructure. Situating Wright’s work in the context of Bateson’s ideas may be useful for infrastructuring new political, economic, and scientific outcomes.

Social-media-weaponised populism and community development

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Jacques Boulet
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter assesses the resurfacing of populism and its much-discussed and documented adoption and enactment by leaders and citizens. More specifically, it discusses reasons for this (re-)emergence and its effects on people's daily lives and their participation in community life against the wider political-economic background, two areas central to much community development theory and practice. The first question posed is: what is going on with and around people — especially their modalities of 'being' and 'relating' — rendering them more 'prone' to being influenced by populisms and become populisms' 'accomplices'? Second, what role does social media play in this imposition/complicity dialectic? Indeed, social media powerfully invades and interpenetrates all levels and processes of the political economy, of people's everyday experiences and their subjective-affective lives, and they infest the mediating institutions operating 'between' the virtual global and the imperceptible here and now. Finally, a third question is posed: what is the effect of such socially mediated populism on communities and on efforts to (re)develop and maintain them? The chapter concludes with some ideas about ways to resist the (combined) assault of populism and social media and restart the project of democracy.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Andreas Televantos
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Economic Instability ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Made In

This concluding chapter reiterates the points made in the previous chapters to tell a story of how a commercial law was created by giving voice in law to broader political economic concerns. Although, as with the Factors Acts, there were instances of conflict between judges and merchants, the overall picture here is not one of judges pushing back against merchants riding the tide of economic progress. Unlike many modern courts, judges did not see their role as simply encouraging commercial activity. This was rooted in the wider belief that commercial activity was not per se desirable, as too much trade was causing economic instability. This was not a mindset specific to judges or lawyers. This analysis itself raises a broader question. Given that large joint stock companies were perceived of us inefficient and even immoral, why did England introduce general incorporation in 1844, and limited liability in 1855? The chapter draws from the foregoing analysis to make some observations.

12. Conclusion: histories of the future

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-274
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bowling ◽  
Robert Reiner ◽  
James Sheptycki
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Police Powers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

The concluding chapter pulls together the implications of the earlier chapters of this book for an assessment of where policing is heading, and what is to be done to achieve greater effectiveness, fairness, and justice. It seeks to answer eight specific questions: What is policing? Who does it? What do police do? What are police powers? What social functions do they achieve? How does policing impact on different groups? By whom are the police themselves policed? How can policing practices be understood? It considers technological, cultural, social, political, economic changes and their implications for crime, order, and policing. It also examines the multifaceted reorientation of police thinking, especially shifts in the theory and practice of policing in the 1990s that included the rhetoric of consumerism. The chapter considers the limits of police reform and the implications of neo-liberalism for the police before concluding with a call for policing based on the principles of social democracy.

scholarly journals Re-defining the Play Cycle: An empirical study of playworkers’ understanding of playwork theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete King ◽  
Shelly Newstead
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Six Elements ◽  
Out Of School

In 1998, Sturrock and Else introduced the Play Cycle which has been integrated into both playwork theory and practice. An online survey with 157 responses found that playworkers’ understanding Play Cycle varied to how they were first introduced to the theory. In addition, understandings of the six elements of the Play Cycle were significantly different from the original author’s definitions. To provide a more consistent use of the Play Cycle in both future research and practice, this article offers new definitions for each element of the Play Cycle based on the results from this study. This has implications for any childhood setting where the Play Cycle is used, including playgroups, nurseries and out of school provision catering for primary-aged children.

SEMI-AUTOMATIC ANNOTATION OF WEB SERVICES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH AGENDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-259
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD MOURHAF AL ASSWAD ◽  
AUHOOD ALFARIES ◽  
SERGIO DE CESARE ◽  
MARK LYCETT
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Web Services ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Annotation Process

Semantic web services (SWS) have recently attracted much attention because of their potential to automate all common service tasks such as discovery, composition, invocation and execution. The successful implementation of SWS is profoundly based on the availability of appropriate methods for SWS description. There is, however, no consensus in the SWS arena on the significant service elements that make SWS description comprehensive. Furthermore, semantic annotation of those elements is still a manual process where human involvement is a must. Therefore, automating the annotation process is highly desired as the manual annotation is a difficult, costly and time-consuming process. Few approaches exist aiming to semi-automate the annotation task. These approaches have limitations preventing their wide adoption by the research and practice communities. This paper contributes by analysing and comparing those existing semi-automatic Web service annotation approaches in order to highlight the major challenges and provide fruitful guidelines to aid future research. Particularly, a synthesis of service elements that require semantic annotation is provided and then used to assess the completeness of semi-automated approaches. The comparison leads to significant implications for theory and practice.

scholarly journals The UK community anchor model and its challenges for community sector theory and practice

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 3826-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henderson ◽  
Christopher McWilliams
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Community Sector ◽  
Sector Theory

The growing policy focus since the 1970s in Scotland, the UK and internationally on ‘community’, community development and community ownership and enterprise has facilitated a certain growth of the community sector and therefore of concern for related discussions of theory and practice. This paper positions this turn to community within the shifting global political economic context, in particular the rolling out of the neoliberal state internationally from the 1980s and a related urban crisis management of structural inequality (Brenner and Theodore, 2002). By focusing on the emergence of community anchor organisations – understood in the UK context as multi-purpose, local community-led organisations – within Scottish and UK policy-making since the 2000s, the central dilemma for critical community sector theory and practice of sustaining a local egalitarian vision and practice (Pearce, 2003) given this neoliberal context is explored. A Scottish urban community anchor provides an illustration of this challenge for theory and practice and of how it can be re-considered through discussions of ‘progressive mutualism’ (Pearce, 2009) and ‘resilience, re-working and resistance’ (Cumbers, 2010; Katz, 2004).

scholarly journals STEGANOGRAPHY – THEORY AND PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir Barannik ◽  
Bogdan Gorodetsky ◽  
Natalia Barannik
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Political Economic

Analysis of modern interstate conflicts, trends in the development of forms of warfare. It is shown that confrontation is characterized by various forms, is hidden in nature and is carried out mainly in the political, economic, informational and other spheres. It is proved that a significant part of hybrid wars are information operations used for the destructive impact on society, commercial activities, politics and economics using information and communication space and technologies. The article expresses the need to create a theoretical basis for combating cyber attacks in special telecommunication systems as an integral part of the national security of the state. The development of methods for hiding information as well as providing information during video streaming and images in networks is underway. The basic calculations are given at the initial stages of information hiding and methods for ensuring the latent transfer of data in telecommunication systems.

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