scholarly journals Breaking Symmetry: Fluctuating Asymmetry and Geometric Morphometrics as Tools for Evaluating Developmental Instability under Diverse Agroecosystems

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A. Benítez ◽  
Darija Lemic ◽  
Amado Villalobos-Leiva ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Rodrigo Órdenes-Claveria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Bilateral Asymmetry ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Breaking Symmetry

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), in contrast with other asymmetries, is the bilateral asymmetry that represents small, random developmental differences between right and left sides. After nearly a century of using traditional morphometrics in the estimation of FA, geometric morphometrics (GM) now provides new insights into the use of FA as a tool, especially for assessing environmental and developmental stress. Thus, it will be possible to assess adaptation to various environmental stressors as particular triggers for unavoidable selection pressures. In this review, we describe measures of FA that use geometric morphometrics, and we include a flow chart of the methodology. We also describe how this combination (GM + FA) has been tested in several agroecosystems. Nutritional stress, temperature, chemical pollution, and population density are known stressors experienced by populations in agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Population density and developmental stress in the Neolithic: A diachronic study of dental fluctuating asymmetry at Çatalhöyük (Turkey, 7,100-5,950 BC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Milella ◽  
Barbara J. Betz ◽  
Christopher J. Knüsel ◽  
Clark Spencer Larsen ◽  
Irene Dori
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Diachronic Study

Food stress, fluctuating asymmetry and reproductive performance in the gryllid crickets Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllodes sigillatus

Behaviour ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Mallard ◽  
C.J. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Food Stress ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus ◽  
Measures Of Performance

AbstractWhile associations between sexual selection, developmental stress and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) remain controversial, this does not necessarily undermine the more general hypothesis that FA reflects developmental instability and functional competence. This applies as much to reproductive processes as to any other. If this is the case, however, we should expect FA and measures of performance to covary under conditions of developmental stress. Using an established association between morphometric FA and reproductive performance in the gryllid crickets Gryllus bimaculatus and Gryllodes sigillatus, we looked at the effect of food stress on covariation between FA and measures of performance (vigour of locomotion and interaction, mating speed, sperm transfer, egg production and offspring weight). The results showed a clear effect of food treatment in males and females of both species, with composite measures reflecting greater FA and reduced performance being greatest when crickets were reared on impoverished food. Inspection of independent means suggested FA may have been most influenced by a relaxation of food stress under high quality feeding conditions, while reproductive performance was more susceptible to the reduction in food quality under low quality conditions.

Can linear enamel hypoplasia be used as a novel welfare indicator in pigs?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
E. Genever ◽  
K. Dobney ◽  
D.M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Event ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Welfare Indicator ◽  
Calcified Tissue ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Incremental Lines

Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) produces abnormal incremental lines or depressions in teeth enamel caused by a deficiency in the growth of calcified tissue. The depth and width of the LEH events can indicate the severity and duration of a stressful life event. LEH can be used to investigate developmental stress, as it will occur when the individual is unable to cope with environmental stressors during development, such as food shortage, pathological challenge or other stressful events. The LEH technique has been used by zoo-archaeologists to obtain information on early domestication and husbandry practices in ancient populations of pigs, where high levels of LEH have been found to correspond to birth and weaning. The objective of this work was to investigate if LEH was present in modern pigs and whether it could be used as a welfare indicator.

Calculation of Fluctuating Asymmetry of the biggest Caspian whipsnake population in Hungary compared to a common snake species

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mátyás Bellaagh ◽  
Eszter Lazányi ◽  
Zoltán Korsós
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) is a special type of asymmetry in the populations of bilaterally symmetrical creatures. The FA gives us numerical data on the developmental instability of the populations and refers to potential genetical and environmental stressors affecting the populations. Here we give the first data on the FA of the protected Caspian whipsnake (Hierophis caspius) from Hungary. The FA indices of the biggest population from Villány Mts were compared to the FA indices of two differently stressed Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) populations [stressed (Mád) and seminatural (Lake Balaton)]. Based on the values of the multiple and the simple indices derived from sublabial scales, we can say that the status quo of the highly protected Caspian whipsnake population does not represent significant deviation from the near-natural dice snake population from the Lake Balaton.

The effect of air pollution and other environmental stressors on leaf fluctuating asymmetry and specific leaf area of Salix alba L

2011 ◽  
Vol 159 (10) ◽  
pp. 2405-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Wuytack ◽  
Karen Wuyts ◽  
Stefan Van Dongen ◽  
Lander Baeten ◽  
Fatemeh Kardel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Salix Alba

scholarly journals BMD Loci Contribute to Ethnic and Developmental Differences in Skeletal Fragility across Populations: Assessment of Evolutionary Selection Pressures

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Medina-Gómez ◽  
Alessandra Chesi ◽  
Denise H.M. Heppe ◽  
Babette S. Zemel ◽  
Jia-Lian Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Skeletal Fragility ◽  
Evolutionary Selection

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry: A Technique for Measuring Developmental Stress Caused by Inbreeding

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Clarke ◽  
GW Brand ◽  
MJ Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Developmental Homeostasis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
The Relationship

Fluctuating asymmetry has sometimes been employed to indicate disruption of developmental homeostasis. Such disruption is thought to be a result of increased developmental stress. In this study we examine the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and inbreeding level in two differing breeding systems: the marine harpacticoid copepod Tisbe holothuriae, a typically outbreeding diploid, and the common honeybee Apis melli/era, which is haplo-diploid. Inbreeding has previously been shown to constitute a developmental stress in populations of T. holothuriae, but the same is yet to be conclusively shown in A. melli/era.

Fluctuating asymmetry in certain morphological traits in laboratory populations of Drosophila ananassae

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Vishalakshi ◽  
B N Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexual Traits

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA, subtle random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is often used as a measure of developmental instability (DI), which results from perturbations in developmental pathways caused by genetic or environmental stressors. During the present study, we estimated FA in 5 morphological traits, viz. wing length (WL), wing to thorax ratio (W:T), sternopleural bristle number (SBN), sex-comb tooth number (SCTN), and ovariole number (ON) in 18 laboratory populations of Drosophila ananassae. FA levels of measured traits differed significantly among populations except for SBN (in males and females) and W:T ratio (in females). Positional fluctuating asymmetry (PFA), a sensitive measure of DI, also varied significantly among the populations for SBN in females and SCTN in males. Interestingly, both males and females were similar for nonsexual traits. However, when FA across all traits (sexual and nonsexual) was combined into a single composite index (CFA), significant differences were found for both populations and sexes. Males showed higher CFA values than females, suggesting that males are more prone to developmental perturbations. The magnitude of FA differed significantly among traits, being lowest for nonsexual traits (SBN, WL, W:T ratio) and highest for sexual traits (SCTN and ON). The trait size of sexual traits (SCTN and ON) was positively correlated with their asymmetry. The possible reasons for variation in FA both among traits and among populations, and the usefulness of FA as an indicator of developmental stress and phenotypic quality in D. ananassae are discussed.Key words: fluctuating asymmetry, developmental instability, morphological traits, laboratory populations, D. ananassae.

scholarly journals Divergent scute asymmetry among pure and crossed individuals of Testudo hermanni (Gmelin, 1789)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
P. M. Parés–Casanova ◽  
J. Minoves ◽  
J. Soler ◽  
A. Martínez–Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Left And Right

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) refers to subtle differences between left and right sides in bilaterally symmetrical organisms or their parts. Both genetic and environmental changes can increase FA, reflecting deterioration in developmental homeostasis of adult morphology due to a loss of developmental stability. In this study, we used geometric morphometric techniques to examine plastral scute asymmetries in a sample of 31 pure and crossed Testudo species (T. hermanni hermanni n = 23 and crosses with T. hermanni boettgeri n = 8) only females by means of 19 anatomical landmarks. Procrustes ANOVA indicated that FA in crossed individuals was significantly higher than that in pure individuals. Crossed individuals also showed a greater degree of phenotypic plasticity than T. hermanni hermanni. We conclude that crosses among T. hermanni hermanni and T. hermanni boettgeri can increase homozygosity and are responsible for greater developmental instabilities. Nonetheless, more information on crossed phenotypes could be of great interest to raise pure Hermann’s tortoises for reintroduction programmes. Key words: Carapace, Geometric morphometrics, Hybridization, Plastron, Testudines

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