scholarly journals Dynamical Symmetries of the H Atom, One of the Most Important Tools of Modern Physics: SO(4) to SO(4,2), Background, Theory, and Use in Calculating Radiative Shifts

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jordan Maclay
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Invariance Group ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
History Of

Understanding the hydrogen atom has been at the heart of modern physics. Exploring the symmetry of the most fundamental two body system has led to advances in atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and elementary particle physics. In this pedagogic review, we present an integrated treatment of the symmetries of the Schrodinger hydrogen atom, including the classical atom, the SO(4) degeneracy group, the non-invariance group or spectrum generating group SO(4,1), and the expanded group SO(4,2). After giving a brief history of these discoveries, most of which took place from 1935–1975, we focus on the physics of the hydrogen atom, providing a background discussion of the symmetries, providing explicit expressions for all of the manifestly Hermitian generators in terms of position and momenta operators in a Cartesian space, explaining the action of the generators on the basis states, and giving a unified treatment of the bound and continuum states in terms of eigenfunctions that have the same quantum numbers as the ordinary bound states. We present some new results from SO(4,2) group theory that are useful in a practical application, the computation of the first order Lamb shift in the hydrogen atom. By using SO(4,2) methods, we are able to obtain a generating function for the radiative shift for all levels. Students, non-experts, and the new generation of scientists may find the clearer, integrated presentation of the symmetries of the hydrogen atom helpful and illuminating. Experts will find new perspectives, even some surprises.

scholarly journals International Conference PhysicA.SPb/2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 011001
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Lebedev Physical Institute ◽  
State University ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Poster Presentations ◽  
Ioffe Institute

The International Conference PhysicA. SPb was held 18-22 October 2021 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The Conference continues the tradition of St.Petersburg Seminars on Physics and Astronomy originating from mid-90s. Since then PhysicA.SPb maintains both scientific and educational quality of contributions delivered to the audience. This is the main feature of the Conference that makes it possible to combine the whole spectrum of modern Physics and Astronomy within one event. PhysicA. SPb/2021 has brought together over 400 academics from many universities and research institutes across whole Russia as well as from USA, UK, South Africa, Poland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, and Australia. Oral and poster presentations were combined into well-defined sections among which one should name Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optics and spectroscopy, Physics of ferroics, Nanostructured and thin-film materials, Mathematical physics and numerical methods, Devices and materials for the THz and microwave ranges, Biophysics, Optoelectronic devices, Surface phenomena, Physics and technology of energy conversion, Plasma physics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, Nuclear and elementary particle physics, Impurities and defects in solids, Multilayered structures, Spectroscopy of atoms and molecules and Physics of quantum structures. This issue of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series presents the extended contributions from participants of PhysicA.SPb/2021 that were peer-reviewed by expert referees through processes administered by the Presiders of the Organising and Program Committees to the best professional and scientific standards. This was made possible by the efforts of the Sectional and Technical Editors of this Issue: Prof. Petr Arseev (Lebedev Physical Institute), Prof. Alexander Ivanchik (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Polina Ryabochkina (Ogarev Mordova State University), Prof. Yuri Kusraev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Sergey Nekrasov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikolay Bert (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikita Gordeev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Alexey Popov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Prokhor Alekseev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Mikhail Dunaevskii (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Mikhail Nestoklon (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Andrey Dunaev (Orel State University), Prof. Anton Vershovskii (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Vadim Evtikhiev (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Alexey Ustinov (St.Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”), Dr. Alexandra Kalashnikova (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Ivan Mitropolsky (NRC Kurchatov Institute - PNPI), Dr. Evgenia Cherotchenko (Ioffe Institute) and Prof. Dmitry Khokhlov (Moscow State University). The Editors: Nikita S. Averkiev, Sergey A. Poniaev and Grigorii S. Sokolovskii

THE WEAK INTERACTION: ITS HISTORY AND IMPACT ON PHYSICS

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 3633-3658 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Fermi Interaction ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of

It is a pleasure and an honor for me to give this lecture in honor of Oscar Klein who made major contributions to field theory, quantum electrodynamics and particle physics, including weak interactions. He was the first one to observe that the μ decay and the β decay could be described by the same interaction with the same coupling constant; this led to the discovery of the Universal Fermi Interaction. Perhaps I should begin my discussion of the history of weak interactions by separating it into three periods: (1) Classical Period, 1898–1949. (2) Transition Period, 1949–1956. (3) Modern Period, 1956–.

scholarly journals The imperceptible, but zealous genius. To 150 aniversary of Charls Vilson.

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-636
Author(s):  
R. N. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate ◽  
English Physicist

In the early part of the 20th century, the prominent English physicist and Nobel prize laureate Charles Wilson created a device that Ernest Rutherford, a prominent English physicist, described as the "most original and beautiful instrument in the history of science". This device, known as the Wilson camera, was instrumental in facilitating significant discoveries in nucleus, cosmic ray, and elementary particle physics. This article describes milestones in Charles Wilson’s life and describes his remarkable invention and its influence on the evolution of physical investigations in different countries, including the Soviet Union.

Scientific Realism and Chemistry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasok Chang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Chemical Concepts ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Realism Debate

SCIENTIFIC REALISM Is a philosophical issue with relevance to all sciences, but there are some particularly interesting and distinctive ways in which it has manifested itself in chemistry. Paying proper attention to such aspects will deliver two types of benefits: First, it will aid the philosophical understanding of the nature of chemical knowledge; second, it will throw some fresh light on the realism debate in places where it has developed without much attention to chemical practices and chemical concepts. In the following discussion I will attempt to make a reasonably comprehensive survey of relevant literature, while also advancing some original points and viewpoints. Recall Bas van Fraassen’s now-classic formulation of the realism debate as an argument about whether we can know about unobservable entities featuring in scientific theories, and whether we should try to know about them (van Fraassen 1980). If this is how we understand realism, and if we take the long view of the history of science, chemistry is the most important science to consider in the realism debate. Until the development of atomic, nuclear, and elementary-particle physics starting in the early twentieth century, chemistry was the science in which debates about the epistemic and ontological status of unobservable theoretical entities took place with most ferocity and most relevance to practice. An interesting contrast is astronomy, in which the Copernican Revolution brought in a long and secure phase of realism about astronomical objects far out of reach of any human senses (including those that do not even register as tiny specks of light to our eyes). In contrast, the achievements of chemistry up to the early nineteenth century only deepened the sense of inaccessibility and unobservability concerning the putative fundamental entities postulated in chemical theories. Unobservability in relation to chemical theories is not only an issue about atomism, though surely the problem was clearly present with the atomistic particles imagined by a wide range of thinkers from Democritus and Leucippus of ancient times to Descartes and other early-modern mechanical philosophers.

scholarly journals A Cosmologist's Tour through the New Particle Zoo (Candy Shop?)

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 445-488
Author(s):  
Michael S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Density Inhomogeneities ◽  
Invisible Axion ◽  
Birth Processes ◽  
The Universe

Recent developments in elementary particle physics have led to a renaissance in cosmology, in general, and in the study of structure formation, in particular. Already, the study of the very early (t ≤ 10−2 sec) history of the Universe has provided valuable hints as to the ‘initial data’ for the structure formation problem — the nature and origin of the primeval density inhomogeneities, the quantity and composition of matter in the Universe today, and numerous candidates for the constituents of the ubiquitious dark matter. I review the multitude of WIMP candidates for the dark matter provided by modern particle physics theories, putting them into context by briefly discussing the theories which predict them. I also review their various birth sites and birth processes in the early Universe. At present the most promising candidates seem to be a 30 or so eV neutrino, a few GeV photino, or the ‘invisible axion’ (weighing in at about 10−5 eV!), with a planck mass monopole, quark nuggets, and shadow matter as the leading ‘dark’ horse candidates. I also mention some very exotic possibilities — unstable WIMPs, cosmic strings, and even the possibility of a relic cosmological term.

SEMI-RELATIVISTIC SOLUTIONS OF THE TWO-BODY SPINLESS SALPETER EQUATION UNDER THE WOODS–SAXON POTENTIAL AND THE PEKERIS APPROXIMATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350039 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. FEIZI ◽  
M. HOSEININAVEH ◽  
A. H. RANJBAR
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Bound States ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Shape Invariance ◽  
Energy Eigenvalues ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Pekeris Approximation

In this paper, by applying the Pekeris approximation and in the frame of Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics (SUSYQM), the semi-relativistic solutions of the two-body spinless Salpeter equation are obtained analytically. For an interaction of nuclear form, we obtain the approximate bound-state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions using the shape invariance concept. The solutions are reported for any l state and some energy eigenvalues are given. These results are useful in elementary-particle physics and nuclear physics to obtain the bound states spectra of relativistic systems such as fermion–antifermion systems.

THE STORY OF THE TEVATRON ACCELERATORS: ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BREAKTHROUGHS, ACHIEVEMENTS AND LESSONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1230001 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. SHILTSEV
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Proton Antiproton ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Physics Program ◽  
History Of

For almost a quarter of a century, the Tevatron proton–antiproton collider was the centerpiece of the world's high energy physics program — since it began operation in December of 1985, until it was overtaken by LHC in 2011. The aim of this unique scientific instrument was to explore the elementary particle physics reactions with center of mass collision energies of up to 1.96 TeV. The initial design luminosity of the Tevatron was 1030 cm -2 s -1, however as a result of two decades of upgrades, the accelerator has been able to deliver 430 times higher luminosities to each of two high luminosity experiments, CDF and D0. The Tevatron has been shut off since September 30, 2011. The collider was arguably one of the most complex research instruments ever to reach the operation stage and is widely recognized for many technological breakthroughs and numerous physics discoveries. In this paper, we briefly present the history of the Tevatron, major advances in accelerator physics, technology implemented during the long quest for better and better performance, and the lessons learned from our experience.

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