scholarly journals Revenue Sharing of a TOT Project in China Based on Modified Shapley Value

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Yanhua Du ◽  
Jun Fang ◽  
Jingxiao Zhang ◽  
Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Shapley Value ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
The Shapley Value ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Initial Correction

In recent years, China’s government has encouraged the adoption of the TOT (Transfer-Operate-Transfer) model to realize the marketization of China’s public service stock projects. The TOT model is a cooperation mechanism through sharing investment, revenue and risks between the government and private partner. Therefore, a fair and reasonable revenue sharing method (RSM) is the key to the success of the TOT project. This paper aims to provide a fair and reasonable RSM based on a modified Shapley value with a triangular symmetric fuzzy structure element, which has better motivation, flexibility, forecasting function and dynamic precise distribution function. According to the factors that affect revenue sharing, the Shapley value is improved with initial correction coefficient composed of investment ratio, risk-sharing ratio, execution degree, and fuzzy payment to achieve fairness and reasonableness. The methodology is illustrated by a case study of a TOT project selected from Laohekou city of Hubei province, China. The results testify that the revenue-sharing ratios of participants is positively correlated with the initial correction coefficient, which make the RSM more motivating; and the Shapley value with fuzzy payment by using triangular symmetric fuzzy element function make the RSM more flexible, and it has both forecasting function and precise dynamic distribution function under project revenue uncertainty.

scholarly journals A Novel Algorithm for Profit Distribution of Sustainable Development Using E-Commerce Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Shapley Value ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Profit Distribution ◽  
The Shapley Value

E-commerce supply chain actually deals with the acquisition of the raw materials, their timely processing, and on-time delivery to the right place. It deals with a number of processes such as supply and demand, managing order entry, and inventory tracking. Now profit distribution models are actually stochastic models that are used to optimize the gains and profits in a particular business. They actually generate modern time solutions to the existing problems in a sustainable environment. However, in order to solve the problems existing in the traditional profit distribution algorithm of the e-commerce supply chain, such as low distribution accuracy and large time cost, a profit distribution algorithm of the e-commerce supply chain under the concept of sustainable development was designed. It was supported by the concept of sustainable development, and the coefficient of income distribution is calculated according to the equilibrium bidding strategy of supply chain alliance and its members, net present value of income distribution, total investment, minimum expected rate of return on investment, and other parameters. First, calculate the Shapley value of the profit distribution of the power supply chain, and obtain the correction coefficient through the correction matrix, dimensionless processing, and analytic hierarchy process. Use the correction coefficient to correct the Shapley value and the income distribution coefficient to realize the design of the profit distribution algorithm for the power supply chain. The experimental results show that the algorithm has low relative error rate, high precision, and short time cost of profit distribution coefficient calculation.

scholarly journals Developing a Revenue Sharing Method for an Operational Transfer-Operate-Transfer Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du ◽  
Fang ◽  
Ke ◽  
Philbin ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shapley Value ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Project Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resource Input ◽  
Input Ratio

The transfer-operate-transfer (TOT) project model is used widely as a commercial framework for public-private-partnerships to support provision of infrastructure and enable the delivery of services. However, operational delivery of such projects can encounter certain challenges, such as the need for improved revenue sharing between governmental and private partners. The purpose of this paper is to design a revenue sharing method (RSM) that satisfies the revenue-sharing forecast in the contract design stage and the realized revenue sharing in the contract execution period for an operational TOT project. This approach identifies the impact of external uncertainty and effort level as well as the input ratio on revenue sharing of participants, distributes and reasonably minimizes the project revenue uncertainty among the participants, and achieves an improved matching of the participants’ revenue sharing with their risk-sharing, resource input and effort level. The paper utilizes the fuzzy-payoffs Shapley value method for revenue distribution for an operational TOT project, where the fuzzy alliance and input ratio coefficient are adopted to gradually optimize the Shapley value and form the RSM of an operational TOT project. The RSM allows prediction of the revenue sharing of participations under uncertain conditions of project revenue and supports improved decision-making by participants.

scholarly journals Sharing Economy for Cost Reduction and Efficiency Increase: The Case of Sharing E-Commerce Logistics

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Daguang Sun ◽  
Xinyu Gou ◽  
Chunguang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Order Flow ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Delivery Service ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Express Delivery

In the real business environment, due to unpredictable market demand or high prediction difficulty and low prediction accuracy, there will be inevitably operational loss in the field of e-commerce logistics caused by undersupply or oversupply of express service capabilities. At present, China is deepening the supply-side structural reforms. Confronted with the growing demand for e-commerce logistics express delivery, especially the urgent demand for tackling orders piling up to 1 billion pieces during the recent “Double 11” shopping carnival, it is very important and practical for us to study how to make scientific decisions on the supply side in the field of e-commerce express delivery. Therefore, in this paper, we design a sharing logistics cooperation mechanism considering both the undersupply and oversupply of express delivery service capabilities under stochastic demand. By comparing the earnings data of several listed express companies, we analyze four types of optimization strategies: the order flow proportion revenue sharing strategy (RE-OFP), the combined factors revenue sharing strategy (RE-RSF), the order flow proportion risk sharing strategy (RS-OFP), and the combined factors risk sharing strategy (RS-RSF). The research results demonstrate that the four optimization strategies of RE-OFP, RE-RSF, RS-OFP, and RS-RSF could achieve Pareto improvements in the operational performance of e-commerce express service. The performance of four revenue sharing and risk sharing strategies varies with different revenue sharing or risk sharing factors. Under some certain combined factors, the revenue sharing contract could help realize the supply chain coordination of the sharing logistics service. The sharing logistics cooperation mechanism based on equity investment proposed hereafter provides a feasible solution to solve the problems of high empty driving rate and operational cost of e-commerce express delivery service in urban areas.

scholarly journals How Promotion Incentives and Environmental Regulations Affect China’s Environmental Pollution?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Shiwen Liu ◽  
Zhong Zhang ◽  
Guangyao Xu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Government

As for the academics and policymakers, more attention has been given to the issue on how to reduce environmental pollution through the cooperation of environmental regulation and local officials’ promotion incentives. With the use of a city-level panel data of 266 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2016, this study preliminary explores the impacts of environmental regulations, local officials’ promotion incentives, and their interaction terms on urban environmental pollution at national and regional levels by using the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that the impacts of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives on urban environmental pollution have achieved the desired goal with the other’s cooperation, and their interaction term’s coefficients on urban environmental pollution are significantly negative. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is established, and the uneven development of urban environmental pollution among different regions deserves more attention. In order to effectively reduce the level of urban environmental pollution in China, the government should focus on such solutions as enhancing the implementation and supervision efficiency of environmental regulation, optimizing the performance appraisal system of local officials, improving the synergistic effects of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives, and establishing a multi-scale spatial cooperation mechanism based on both geographical and economic correlations.

Query Games in Databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Ester Livshits ◽  
Leopoldo Bertossi ◽  
Benny Kimelfeld ◽  
Moshe Sebag
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Shapley Value ◽  
Cooperative Game Theory ◽  
The Shapley Value ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Aggregate Query ◽  
Boolean Query

Database tuples can be seen as players in the game of jointly realizing the answer to a query. Some tuples may contribute more than others to the outcome, which can be a binary value in the case of a Boolean query, a number for a numerical aggregate query, and so on. To quantify the contributions of tuples, we use the Shapley value that was introduced in cooperative game theory and has found applications in a plethora of domains. Specifically, the Shapley value of an individual tuple quantifies its contribution to the query. We investigate the applicability of the Shapley value in this setting, as well as the computational aspects of its calculation in terms of complexity, algorithms, and approximation.

scholarly journals A new basis and the Shapley value

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yokote ◽  
Yukihiko Funaki ◽  
Yoshio Kamijo
Keyword(s):  
Shapley Value ◽  
The Shapley Value
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