scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of n-Hexane Fraction of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Bark Extract and Selected Antibiotics on Bacterial Isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatayo Abioye ◽  
David Akinpelu ◽  
Anthony Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa

scholarly journals Influence of First-Line Antibiotics on the Antibacterial Activities of Acetone Stem Bark Extract ofAcacia mearnsiiDe Wild. against Drug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe ◽  
Roger M. Coopoosamy
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Diffusion

Background.This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of the acetone extract ofA. mearnsiiand its interactions with antibiotics against some resistant bacterial strains.Methods.The antibacterial susceptibility testing was determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods while the checkerboard method was used for the determination of synergy between the antibiotics and the extract.Results.The results showed that the susceptibility of the different bacterial isolates was concentration dependent for the extract and the different antibiotics. With the exception ofS. marcescens, the inhibition zones of the extract produced by 20 mg/mL ranged between 18 and 32 mm. While metronidazole did not inhibit any of the bacterial isolates, all the antibiotics and their combinations, except for ciprofloxacin and its combination, did not inhibitEnterococcus faecalis. The antibacterial combinations were more of being antagonistic than of being synergistic in the agar diffusion assay. From the macrobroth dilution, the extract and the antibiotics exerted a varied degree of inhibitory effect on the test organisms. The MIC values of the acetone extract which are in mg/mL are lower than those of the different antibiotics which are inμg/mL. From the checkerboard assay, the antibacterial combinations showed varied degrees of interactions including synergism, additive, indifference, and antagonism interactions. While antagonistic and additive interactions were 14.44%, indifference interaction was 22.22% and synergistic interaction was 37.78% of the antibacterial combinations against the test isolates. While the additivity/indifference interactions indicated no interactions, the antagonistic interaction may be considered as a negative interaction that could result in toxicity and suboptimal bioactivity.Conclusion.The synergistic effects of the herbal-drug combinations may be harnessed for the discovery and development of more rational evidence-based drug combinations with optimized efficiency in the prevention of multidrug resistance and therapy of multifactorial diseases.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN POTENSI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN SIKKAM (Bischofia javanica Blume) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN METODE DPPH DAN SITOTOKSIK DENGAN METODE BSLT

Alotrop ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapot Parulian Manurung ◽  
Agus Sundaryono ◽  
Hermansyah Amir
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bischofia Javanica ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

This study aims to determine the level of antioxidant activity of Sikkam bark extract (Bischofia javanica Blume) and its potential as an anticancer agent. This research was conducted in November 2018 - April 2019 in the Laboratory of Chemical Education Guidance and Counseling and Basic Science Laboratory, University of Bengkulu. The sample in this study was obtained from Gunung Mariah village in Simalungun district, North Sumatra. The method used in this study was extraction using maceration, liquid-liquid fractionation, phytochemical test, DPPH (Diphenylpicrylhiydrazyl) test and BSLT test (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Extraction maceration using ethanol 96%, fractionation using a solvent n-hexane and ethyl acetate, phytochemical tests using Mayer's reagent, Lieberman-Burchard, FeCl3 1% and H2SO4 2N, antioxidant test using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and cytotoxic tests using shrimp Artemia salina Leach larvae. The results of the study on maceration of 800 grams of Sikkam bark obtained a crude extract of 53.6 grams (6.7%). Fractionation from 10 grams of crude extract obtained 7.24 gram ethanol fraction (72.4%), ethyl acetate fraction 2.14 gram (21.4%) and n-Hexane fraction 0.39 gram (3.9%). Phytochemical test results obtained the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids with the highest yield on tannin compounds. The antioxidant activity test results obtained IC50 values in crude extracts of 20.94 ppm, ethanol fraction 36.29 ppm, ethyl acetate fraction 83.28 ppm and n-Hexane fraction 39.13 ppm which showed that crude extract, ethanol fraction, n-Hexane fraction were categorized as very strong antioxidants and Ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as a strong antioxidant. The cytotoxic test results using crude extract obtained an LC50 value of 54,827 ppm which showed that Sikkam bark extract was toxic so that it was potential as an anticancer agent.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized with Beech Bark Extract

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2153
Author(s):  
Anca Delia Mare ◽  
Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea ◽  
Adrian Man ◽  
Mihai Mareș ◽  
Felicia Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Tube Production ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Biofilm Production

Biosynthesis is a green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of two silver nanoparticle solutions, synthesized using beech bark extract (BBE) and acetate and nitrate silver salts (AgNP Acetate BBE and AgNP Nitrate BBE), their influence on biofilm production, their potential synergistic effects with fluconazole, on different Candida spp., and their influence on virulence factors of C. albicans (germ tube production, gene expression for ALS3, SAP2, HSP70). Both the AgNP BBEs presented different minimum inhibitory concentrations for all the studied Candida spp., but biofilm production was inhibited only for C. albicans and C. guilliermondii. The growth rates of all the studied Candida spp. were inhibited in the presence of both AgNP BBEs, except for C. auris. Synergistic activity was observed for C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii, for different combinations of fluconazole with both the AgNP BBEs. The germ tube production of C. albicans was slightly inhibited by the AgNP BBEs. Only AgNP Acetate BBE was able to down-regulate the expression of SAP2. Overall, we can conclude that, even if more studies are necessary, AgNPs synthesized with beech bark extract might be an interesting alternative to classic antifungal treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Combination Effects of Ethanolic Extract ofZiziphus mucronataWilld. subsp.mucronataWilld. and Antibiotics against Clinically Important Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Concentration Indices

A pragmatic approach to the treatment of infectious diseases with multicausal agents and prevention of the development of resistant isolates is the combination of herbal remedies with the first-line antimicrobial agents to which most of them have become resistant. This study evaluated the interactions between the ethanolic bark extract ofZiziphus mucronatawith known antimicrobial agentsin vitro. In this study, the results showed that varied zones of inhibitions (ZME—chloramphenicol (17–42 mm), ZME—amoxicillin (17–35 mm), ZME—tetracycline (17–36 mm), ZME—ciprofloxacin (20–41 mm), ZME—nalidixic acid (17–34 mm), and ZME—kanamycin (17–38 mm)) were produced by the antibacterial combinations. At the highest combined concentrations, 12 isolates (ZME—ciprofloxacin) > 10 isolates (ZME—chloramphenicol) = (ZME—kanamycin) > 6 isolates (ZME—amoxicillin) = (ZME—nalidixic acid) and 5 isolates (ZME—tetracycline) were inhibited with zones of inhibition greater than20±1.0 mm. Although the agar diffusion assay suggested that the interactions between the ethanolic extract ofZ. mucronataand the antibiotics were both synergistic and additive in nature, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) showed that the interactions were synergistic (54.17%), additive (27.78%), indifferent (16.67%), and antagonistic (1.39%). While the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) for synergism ranged between 0.00391 and 0.5, that of additivity ranged between 0.516 and 1.0, indifferences ranged between 1.062 and 3.0 and antagonistic interaction was 5.0. The synergistic effects implied that the antibacterial combinations would be more effective and useful in the treatment of multicausal and multidrug-resistant bacteria than a single monotherapy of either antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Syzygium jambosDisplayed Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Modulating Activities against Resistant Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brice E. N. Wamba ◽  
Paul Nayim ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Igor K. Voukeng ◽  
Joachim K. Dzotam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Mic Value

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of methanol extracts of bark and leaves ofSyzygium jambos, as well as their synergistic effects with selected antibiotics against drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening; broth microdilution method was used for antibacterial assays. Phytochemical studies indicate that leaves and bark extracts contained polyphenols, anthraquinones, tannins, and steroids. Extract of the leaves was active against all the 26 strains ofStaphylococcus aureusand all the 21 strains of Gram-negative bacteria tested, within the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 32–512 μg/mL. The lowest MIC value of 32 μg/mL was obtained with extract of the leaves againstStaphylococcus aureusMRSA9 strain. In Gram-negative bacteria, the lowest MIC value of 64 μg/mL was also obtained againstEnterobacter aerogenesEA294 andKlebsiella pneumoniaeK24 strains. AgainstS. aureusstrains, antibiotic-modulating activity of extracts at MIC/2 towards more than 70% of the tested strains was obtained when leaves and bark extracts were tested in association with chloramphenicol (CHL). This was also the case when leaves extract was combined with CHL, kanamycin (KAN), tetracycline (TET), and erythromycin (ERY) and when bark extract was combined with ciprofloxacin (CIP), TET, and ERY against Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, this study demonstrated thatSyzygium jamboshas antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of extracts from stem bark of Tagetes minuta

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094
Author(s):  
M.K. Pillai ◽  
L.I. Santi ◽  
S.B. Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Tagetes minuta hexane stem bark extract (TMHESB), chloroform stem bark extract (TMCHSB), ethyl acetate stem bark extract (TMEASB) and methanolic stem bark extract (TMMESB) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities using hole-plate diffusion method. Six bacterial isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (wild), Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and two fungal isolates viz. Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum were used for this study. The inhibition zones were found to be in the ranges of 10.0±1.6 to 15.5±1.9 mm against bacterial isolates and 11.3±2.1 to 13.4±1.2 mm against P. digitatum. However, these extracts did not exhibit any visible inhibition zone against C. albicans. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these extracts were also determined and was found to be in the range of <31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. From this study, we concluded that extracts of the stem bark of T. minuta showed a moderate to significant antimicrobial activities. T. minuta has been used in food and beverage industries as preservative, coloring and flavoring agents. T. minuta also finds therapeutic applications in the traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Toxicological Studies of An Aqueous Trunk Bark Extract of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yomalan Kassi ◽  
Kiessoun Konaté ◽  
Semi Anthelme Nene Bi ◽  
Alain Souza ◽  
Etienne Ehouan Ehilé
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
The West ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Toxic Plant

Among the plants commonly used in the traditional African pharmacopoeia, Parkia biglobosa called ‘nere’ in the West African sub-region is one of the most common. We decided to determine the essential components of the aqueous extract of the bark trunk of the plant and to carry out an acute toxicity study. The phytochemical study of the trunk bark of this plant revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, catechic tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponosides. At the concentration of 2 mg/ml or 40 mg/kg body weight (bw), all animals fully regained their motive power and balance after one hour and throughout the experiment, no animal die (0%) by intraperitoneal injection. At 10 mg/ml, equivalent to 192 mg/kg bw. AEPB became toxic. The doses of 192, 380 and 400 mg/kg bw gived respectively 20, 40 and 60% mortality. At 40 mg / ml equivalent to 851 mg/kg bw, all mice died, the LD100 was reached, with the 100% of death. AEPB is a moderately toxic plant whose use in pharmacopoeia must be controlled.

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