scholarly journals Environmental Implications of Dynamic Policies on Food Consumption and Waste Handling in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Martin ◽  
Lina Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Waste Handling

Changes in the level and structure of food expenses in the European Union in the context of increasing household incomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 709-731
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kata ◽  
Magdalena Cyrek ◽  
Piotr Cyrek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Country Clusters ◽  
The Eu

Changes in the consumption model are inherent in the processes of socio-economic development the indicator of which is the enrichment of the population. Such changes include the emergence of new proportions in the consumption of particular categories of goods and services, and, according to the regularities observed by Engel, lower the share of expenditure on a broadly understood category of food. Increasing incomes are also linked to changes in the internal structure of food consumption. This study is to assess the changes in the level and structure of food expenses resulting from the enrichment of the European Union (EU) societies. The study covered the co-occurrence of differences in food consumption with households' income differences in the EU countries. The analyses presented in the study relate to the period after the EU enlargement in 2004 and are based on the Eurostat data. The research allows for a positive verification of the thesis that the higher the incomes, the more balanced the structure of food expenses. In more affluent economies, the consumption of a more diversified basket of goods is observed. This finding is supported by the high negative correlation between the structure concentration ratio for food expenditure and the households' income level. In addition, the identification of country clusters based on consumption expenditure broken down into food categories makes it possible to confirm the thesis that there are income differences between economies with different consumption models. It is confirmed by the variance analysis concerning income level for countries in three groups: the South Europe with the highest food expenses, the Central and Eastern Europe with the most limited spending and the lowest income, and the affluent "old" EU members with high expenses on luxuries consumed for social reasons. However, the analyses presented here do not allow for validation of the thesis that food consumption patterns among the EU countries become similar, but rather point to the predominance of the consumption divergence processes, which occur despite the declining income differences. This claim is based on the observation of increasing average Euclidian distance between food expenses in the EU countries in 2005 and 2015. Nevertheless, some signs of shift towards Mediterranean consumption patterns may be found for many societies.

Las mejores técnicas disponibles, versión 4.0 (o de la normatividad inmanente a las mejores técnicas disponibles en su nueva condición de euro-meaning technical regulations)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1409-1433
Author(s):  
Antonio FORTES MARTÍN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Technical Regulations

LABURPENA: Industria-isurien Zuzentarauaren helburua da teknikarik onenei buruzko klausulak presentzia eta aplikazio praktiko handiagoa izatea Europar Batasun osoan. Horretarako, bere esanahia eta esparrua argitu da. Are gehiago, teknikarik onenak juridifikatu egin dira, eta Betearazte Erabaki moduan arautu dira teknikarik onenei buruzko ondorioak. Hori aurrerapauso handia da, eta horren lege- eta ingurumen-mailako ondorio nagusiak jorratzen dira lan honetan. RESUMEN: La Directiva de emisiones industriales aspira a que la cláusula de las mejores técnicas disponibles goce de una mayor presencia y aplicación práctica en el conjunto de la Unión Europea. Para ello no sólo se ha provocado una depuración conceptual de su significado clarificando su sentido y alcance. Más importante aún, las mejores técnicas disponibles se han juridificado alumbrándose, en estrictos términos normativos, en forma de Decisión de Ejecución comprensiva de las conclusiones relativas a las mejores técnicas disponibles. Esta nueva realidad supone un importante paso hacia adelante cuyas consecuencias jurídicas y ambientales más destacadas son abordadas en este trabajo. ABSTRACT: The industrial emissions Directive aims to the clause of the best available techniques to have a greater presence and practical application in the whole of the European Union. This not only occurred by a conceptual meaning purification through clarifying its meaning and scope. Most important, the best available techniques have been legalized, formalizing, in strict legal terms, in the form of Implementing Decision that it brings together the best available techniques conclusions. This new reality is an important step forward whose legal and environmental implications are addressed in this study.

scholarly journals The similarity of food consumption patterns in selected EU countries combined with the similarity of food production and imports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Natalia Genstwa ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Food Imports

The purpose of the paper was to analyse changes in food consumption patterns in the European Union (EU) countries and link these patterns with food production and imports. The two research questions posed by the authors were as follows i): are the structures of the consumption, production and importation of food becoming more similar or more diverse among EU countries, and ii) are changes in food consumption patterns caused by changes in domestic production, or has food been imported to a greater extent from abroad. The study investigated countries which that have been continuously keeping relevant statistics since 1961. The food consumption structures recorded in the years 1961–1969 and 2010–2017 were compared among these countries. Following this, the countries were grouped into subsets using the criterion of greatest similarity in terms of food consumption structures. The same was done in the case of their food production and imports. The study found that countries were becoming increasingly similar in terms of their consumption patterns. An opposite situation occurred concerning food production. In the case of food imports, structural diversity between countries decreased. It follows that changes in food consumption patterns mainly occurred through the adjustment of imports.

Experimental Analysis of Small Scale Cogenerators Based on Natural Gas Fired Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Maurizio Sasso ◽  
Sergio Sibilio ◽  
Peter Tzscheutschler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Interesting Application ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Network Losses

The European Union recently established an ambitious target by 2020 that consists of increasing the utilization of renewable energy up to 20%, reducing its overall pollutant emissions to at least 20%, and achieving a primary energy saving of 20% compared to reported 1990 levels. This aim could be reached only with strong effort in different sectors, such as residential, commercial, industry, tertiary, transportation, .... In particular in the European Union a remarkable contribution to energy consumption and CO2 emissions is concentrated in residential and commercial sector. The introduction of more efficient technologies in these sectors could help in achieving the results expected by 2020. An option is given by cogeneration, defined as the combined “production” of electric and/or mechanical and thermal energy starting from single energy source, that could be considered one of the first elements to save primary energy, to avoid network losses and to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, our interest will be focused on the microcogeneration (electric power ≤ 15 kW), which represents a valid and interesting application for residential and light commercial users. The energetic, economic and environmental implications due to the use of small scale cogeneration systems were reported, starting by an experimental research activity performed by the authors and other researchers.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN FOOD CONSUMPTION IN POLAND AND OTHER EU COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Qualitative Character ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the determinants and directions of changes in food consumption in Poland against the background of other EU countries. Presentation the state of scientific knowledge is a baseline for further considerations. The next chapter includes the determinants of changes in food consumption in the countries of the EU over the last decade. Nextly the economic background in EU countries was presented. The next chapter was dedicated to the food consumption patterns in EU countries. A comparative analysis of food consumption in EU countries indicates that discrepancies remain in the level of economic growth within the European Union. Changes in consumption patterns in EU states are of both a quantitative and qualitative character. The present analysis of transformations in food consumption of Polish households shows that the tendency displayed in the results of previous research continues today.

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