scholarly journals The Massive Implementation of ICT in Universities and Its Implications for Ensuring SDG 4: Challenges and Difficulties for Professors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12871
Author(s):  
Celia Rangel-Pérez ◽  
María-José Gato-Bermúdez ◽  
Daniela Musicco-Nombela ◽  
Cristina Ruiz-Alberdi

Education has undergone the greatest revolution since the 19th century. The pandemic has massively launched teaching towards the use of ICTs and online education. The main objective of this research is to study the relationship between the adaptation of university faculty to the massive use of ICTs and educational digitization, and the promotion of SDG 4, which establishes Target 4.3, ensuring access to quality university education. To achieve this, a descriptive study methodology is used, in which the results of a validated survey, on a sample of 245 teachers from 32 public and private Spanish universities, were analyzed. The main results consist of the different emotional reactions among professors, finding that, on the one hand, ICTs allow for the development of new skills, the introduction of new methodological proposals, and the development of a positive attitude towards the use of digital tools in order to reach all of their students. However, on the other hand, the results also show that the use of ICTs caused an increase in anxiety, workloads, and the need for ongoing training. There is a need to continue improving the digital competencies of faculty professors in order to favor access to ICTs by university students and, thus, promote quality education worldwide.

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Christian Schmitt

Abstract The discrepancy between common temporary expectations of Switzerland as idyll on the one hand, and the reality of its industrially organized tourism on the other, imposes irritations upon the touristic gaze. This article, then, traces the origins of this discrepancy and examines the relationship between Swiss idyll and tourism in the 19th century. The analyses of Ida Hahn-Hahn’s Eine Idylle and Hans Christian Andersen’s Iisjomfruen showcase different ways of relating idyll and tourism to one another as well as the aesthetic merit produced by this constellation.


ing if one remembers that the Industrial Revolution started in France a few decades after England. But several authors [Levy-Leboyer, 1968; Asselain, 1984; and Keyder & O'Brien, 1978] ex­ plain that the French economy always kept up with technological progress in Great-Britain. A massive deceleration in the economy occurred between 1790 and 1810; the French industrial produc­ tion, which was probably equivalent in volume to the English one in 1790, was reduced to a much lower level in 1810. However, a new start occurred after 1810 and the two countries had parallel industrial growths all through the 19th century. Cost accounting systems may have appeared around the turn of and after the 15 th century in Europe [Gamer, 1954]. They actually spread to most firms during the industrial revolution in the 19th century; first in England, then in France, then in the USA, and in Germany. The aim of the present article is to describe the creation and development of such an industrial accounting system at Cie Saint-Gobain. This paper discusses the development of accounting by this very old company (created in 1665) between 1820, when it abandoned single entry bookkeeping, and 1880, when it achieved a full cost system. When examining the archives, this researcher saw no evidence that the textbooks mentioned above were read by anyone at Saint-Gobain. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SAINT-GOBAIN: THE ROYAL MANUFACTURE AND THE PRIVILEGE Instead of continuing to buy glass from Venice, which was too much for the finances of the French kingdom, Colbert encouraged the foundation of a Manufacture Royale des Glaces, established in Rue Reuilly in Paris. The creation and development of the Com­ pany resulted from privileges granted by the monarch to business­ men successively in 1665, 1683, 1688, 1695, 1702, 1757 and 1785. Those privileges made the firm a hybrid one, depending both on public and private laws; on the one hand it had a privilege and on the other hand the legal statutes of a limited Company [Pris, 1973, p. 26]. Having a privilege meant industrial, commercial, fiscal, ad­ ministrative, juridical and financial advantages such as exemption of taxes, free circulation for goods bought and sold, and a prohibi­ tion for anyone to sell the same kind of product. Saint-Gobain was therefore protected from possible rivals and all those years of 194

2014 ◽  
pp. 250-250

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hotaka Roth

This paper explores the contradictory discourses on manners, safety and emotion that arose with mass motorization in Japan in the 1960s and which continue through the present. It documents the way in which multiple government entities end up working at cross-purposes in their attempts to cultivate safer drivers and slow the epidemic of traffic accidents. On the one hand, the discourse on driving manners suggests a widespread embrace of the Traffic Bureau's and other government agencies' concern with safety. On the other hand, the emphasis on manners may lead to angrier driving, which promotes accidents according to psychological studies of driving. The picture that emerges is one in which attempts at social control are complicated by the often unpredictable emotional reactions of subjects caught in a web of institutional and ideological processes. By exploring the relationship of emotion to driving school curricula and the discourse on manners, this article extends previous studies of self, social control, and social management in Japan.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kiseleva ◽  
Natalia Kiseleva ◽  
Evgeny Kiselev

Digital technologies are rapidly changing the process of education. Online courses have become a common tool of gaining knowledge outside the university. Multimedia education, penetrating traditional educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities), changes the structure of education and brings new elements to the communications during the educational process. This article considers one level of change in the model of education. On the one hand, there are advantages associated with the democratization of education. At the time of their foundation, universities were the creators of new elites – scientific and educational meanwhile, in the twenty-first century, the process of democratization and the accessibility of university education has been linked to the digitalization. On the other hand, territorial and other restrictions have been lifted. And this is a very controversial process that poses many challenges for students, one of the most noticeable of which is the lack of real contact with the teacher and the transformation of the educational process into an ”educational conveyor belt.” At the same time, personal contact with the teacher is becoming more expensive. The authors have collected studies that examine the dynamics of this emerging stratification of education. Based on the work of the pioneers in the study of digital education, the authors develop their ideas, focusing on the formation of the modern models of education, defined as affordable electronic and elite traditional. Keywords: online courses, online education, MOOC


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gianfreda

Religious offences in Italy, as in many European countries, have a long and complex history that is intertwined with the events in the history of the relationship between church and state and the institutional and constitutional framework of a nation.This article is divided into three parts. The first part aims to offer some historical remarks concerning the rules on the contempt of religion and blasphemy in Italian criminal law from the end of the 19th century to the present day. The second part focuses on changes to the law on vilification introduced in 2006 and the third part deals with the recent developments in blasphemy law in the context of sport.The article shows that, on the one hand, reforms of the offences grouped under vilification of religion are anachronistic and do not stand up against the religious freedom of individuals, yet on the other, despite the traditional rules for the protection of religion being considered obsolete, they are applied in new areas of law, for example sport, and are used to curb bad manners and bad behaviour. The relationship between the new functions of these criminal rules and the traditional ones, however, remains uncertain and fluctuating, and reveals a moralistic approach to religious offences.


Author(s):  
Mohammad Rokibul Kabir

The deadly effect of Covid-19 has changed the world dramatically. The education sector is one of the worst sufferers due to the official closures of educational institutions worldwide. The government of Bangladesh has declared all the on-campus activities shut in March 2020. This paper explains the effect of faculty and student readiness in adopting virtual classes considering the mediating effect of technology adoption intention. Teachers and students from private and public universities in Bangladesh are surveyed for this research. The findings revealed that the private universities are well ahead of providing online education as their faculty and students are ready with logistics and mindset to adopt technology-based virtual learning while the public university stakeholders are yet to initiate it. It is concluded that the lack of readiness of public universities will create a massive gap between public and private university education and rural and urban students as well. The proposed model of this research can help the policymakers and the government in formulating policy guidelines for bringing all the students and teachers on virtual education platforms irrespective of their university affiliations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Francesco Toniolo

The indie survival horror game genre has given rise to some of the most famous game streamers on YouTube, especially titles like Amnesia: The Dark Descent (Frictional Games 2010), Slender: The Eight Pages (Parsec Productions 2012), and Five Nights at Freddy’s (Scott Cawthon 2014). The games are strongly focused on horror tropes including jump scares and defenceless protagonists, which lend them to displays of overemphasised emotional reactions by YouTubers, who use them to build their online personas in a certain way. This paper retraces the evolution of the relationship between horror games and YouTube personas, with attention to in-game characters and gameplay mechanics on the one hand and the practices of prominent YouTube personas on the other. It will show how the horror game genre and related media, including “Let’s play” videos, animated fanvids, and “creepypasta” stories have influenced prominent YouTuber personas and resulted in some changes in the common processes of persona formation on the platform.


Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Aldona Tołysz

The debate on the museum definition undertaken at the 2019 Kyoto ICOM General Conference points to the role played contemporarily by museums and the expectations they have to meet. It also results as a consequence of changes happening in museums beginning as of the 19th century until today. Extremely important processes took place in the past century. Initially, the changes covered the museum operating methods, mainly within museum education and display, however, they also had an impact on the status of objects in museum collections in the context of artistic and ethnographic collections. One of the most interesting ideas for museum’s redefinition was that proposed in the 1st half of the 20th c. in the formula of Museums of Artistic Culture. However, the departure from the traditionally conceived museum towards a ‘laboratory of modernity’ proposed by the Russian Avant-garde was still too revolutionary for its times. Beginning as of the 1960s, next to the reflection on museums’ operating modes, there increased the emphasis on the role they played and the one they should play in modern society. It was phenomena of political, social or economic character that had a direct impact on the transformation of the shape of museums, these phenomena appearing under the banners of globalization, liberalization, democratization, glocalization. Criticism of museums and their up-to-then praxes drew attention to the essential character of the relation between the institution and its public. The turn towards society allowed for such formats to appear as an ecomuseum, participatory museum, open museum. The solutions derived from the New Museology not only point to the necessity to move the level of the relationship between museum and society, but first and foremost to reflect on museum’s activity which is assumed to create an institution maximally transparent and ethical. It is for various reasons that not all the solutions proposed by museums meet the criteria. Museums continue to face numerous challenges, yet they boast potential to face them.


Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Pepita Alarcon Parra ◽  
Giovanny Alarcon Parra

La gestión de la galería del siglo XXI plantea nuevas perspectivas de los procesos del arte y la relación que existe entre lo público y lo privado, que abarca los métodos de gestión de cultura, evidenciado en afiches, catálogos, redes sociales, agendas expositivas, entre otros. Muestran un arte local de vanguardia y revelan la circulación de obras y exposiciones que buscan posicionarla en un mercado artístico y la participación de un colectivo en este mundo del arte. El gestor cultural es quien conoce este horizonte amplio y es capaz de identificar todas las implicaciones e influencias que tiene que el arte en la sociedad mediante la observación e investigación. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis objetivo y detallado del mecanismo de gestión de una galería de arte y generar una propuesta de gestión de galería, ya que el mundo y mercado del arte son altamente complejos y cambiantes en el contexto económico y tecnológico actual. Abstract OManagement of art gallery in the XXI century poses new perspectives of art processes and the relationship between public and private areas, covering the promotion methods of culture, evident in posters, catalogs, social networks, exhibitions, and others. They show a local avant-garde art and reveal the circulation of works and exhibitions that seek to locate it in an art market and the participation of a group in this world of art. The cultural promoter is the one who knows this wide horizon and is able to identify all the implications and influences that art has in society through observation and research. This work focuses on an objective and detailed analysis of the promotion method in an art gallery and creates a proposal for the promotion of an art gallery, since the world and art market are highly complex and changing in the current economic and technological context.


2021 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Р.Я. ФИДАРОВА

Человек и государство тесно взаимосвязаны. Антропологическая ориентация государства развивается исторически. Само государство зародилось на заре политической истории человечества, в эпоху рабовладения или в феодальном обществе, как у алан-осетин, и тогда же формируется первый этап взаимосвязей человека и государства. Процесс становления социально-исторических связей человека и государства на первом этапе обусловлен своеобразием формирующегося государства. Оно состояло из двух социальных образований: из господствующих классов и из низших слоев. Соответственно отношение государства к ним было разное. Государство отстаивало социально-политический статус господствующего класса, чьи интересы оно и обслуживало, утверждая позиции данного класса. В целом государство так или иначе регулировало отношения между людьми. Новый этап во взаимосвязях человека и государства начался в эпоху капитализма, со становлением товарно-денежных отношений. Обусловлен он был объективными обстоятельствами жизни осетин, когда существенно изменились общественное бытие и общественное сознание. Изменился и человек, субъект общественной жизни. Если в эпоху феодализма государство составляли господствующие и зависимые субъекты, то в XIX в. на арену истории вышел класс буржуазии, появилась интеллигенция, вышедшая не только из буржуазии, но и из низших слоев. Данное обстоятельство существенно меняло, обогащало функции государства, и предъявляло к нему определенные требования. Скажем, требование быть политическим по характеру, т.е. решать политические задачи и обращать внимание на каждого человека, гражданина. По-другому сказывались отношения между человеком и государством в советскую эпоху. С одной стороны, целью своей оно ставило всестороннее и гармоничное развитие советского человека, с другой, – во всех сферах жизни укреплялось жесткое партийное руководство. В результате происходили серьезные трансформации во взаимоотношениях человека и государства. Значительно активизировались процессы демократизации общественно-политической жизни, что в итоге привело к распаду Советского государства. Осетинская литература, верная своему родовому свойству отражать правдиво социальную действительность, реалистически раскрыла все этапы становления взаимосвязей человека и государства. Person and state are closely interconnected. The anthropological orientation of the state develops historically. The state itself arose at the dawn of the political history of mankind, in the era of slavery or in a feudal society, like among the Alan-Ossetians, and at the same time the first stage of the relationship between man and the state was formed. The process of the formation of socio-historical ties between a person and the state at the first stage is due to the originality of the emerging state. It consisted of two social entities: the ruling classes and the lower strata. Accordingly, the attitude of the state towards them was different. The state defended the socio-political status of the ruling class, whose interests it served, asserting the position of this class. In general, the state somehow regulated relations between people. A new stage in the relationship between man and state began in the era of capitalism, with the formation of commodity-money relations. It was conditioned by the objective circumstances of the life of the Ossetians, when social life and social consciousness changed significantly. The person, the subject of social life, has also changed. If in the era of feudalism the state was made up of dominant and dependent subjects, then in the 19th century the bourgeois class entered the arena of history, an intelligentsia appeared, emerging not only from the bourgeoisie, but also from the lower strata. This circumstance significantly changed, enriched the functions of the state, and made certain demands on it. Let's say the requirement to be political in nature, i.e. solve political problems and pay attention to every person, citizen. The relationship between man and state in the Soviet era had a different effect. On the one hand, it set its goal the all-round and harmonious development of Soviet people, on the other hand, tough party leadership was strengthened in all spheres of life. As a result, serious transformations took place in the relationship between a person and the state. The processes of democratization of social and political life became much more active, which ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet state. Ossetian literature, true to its generic property to reflect truthfully social reality, realistically revealed all the stages of the formation of the relationship between man and state. Ключевые слова: государство, человек, осетинская литература, роман, повесть, рассказ, герой, характер.


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