scholarly journals Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Green Coagulant from Garcinia kola Seeds: Parametric Studies, Kinetic Modelling and Cost Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9177
Author(s):  
Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe ◽  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli ◽  
Ifeoma Amaoge Obiora-Okafo ◽  
Ioannis Anastopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Kinetics Of

To achieve sustainability, it is necessary to use proper treatment methods to reduce the pollutant loads of receiving waters. This study investigates the coagulative reduction of turbidity, COD, BOD and colour from aquaculture wastewater (AW) using a novel Garcinia kola seeds coagulant (GKC). This coagulant was obtained from extraction of Garcinia kola seeds and analysed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The kinetics of coagulation-flocculation were also investigated in terms of total dissolved and suspended solids (TDSP). The seeds had 11.27% protein and 68.33% carbohydrate, showing usability in adsorption/charges neutralisation as a coagulant to reduce particles. Maximal turbidity reduction = 81.93%, COD = 75.03%, BOD = 72.84% and colour = 56.69% at 0.3 g GKC/L, pH 2, 60 min and 303 K were achieved. Von Smoluchowski’s second-order peri-kinetics theory was used to fit the results, giving R2 > 0.9. At a coagulation order (α) of 2, the reaction rate (KC) and half-life (τS1/2) were 0.0003 L/g·min and 25.3 min at the optimal conditions. The sorption data better fit the Lagergren compared to the Ho adsorption model. Furthermore, the net cost of using GKC to handle 1 L of AW (including electricity and material costs) was calculated to be 1.57 EUR, and the costs of 0.3 g/L GKC preparation and energy were 0.27 and 1.30 EUR, respectively. In summary, these seeds can be used to pre-treat AW.

STUDYING THE KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM THE SQUEEZE OF KRASNOSTOP ZOLOTOVSKY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Egyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Kinetic Characteristics ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Process Speed

The article shows studies characterizing the quality of the squeeze: the mechanical composition of the squeeze is determined, the structural moisture of each component is determined, the sugar content in the formed process of sedimentation of the juice and its acidity are determined refractometrically. The kinetics of anthocyanins extraction was determined in two ways, the solids content in the extract was calculated, and the reaction rate constants of the extraction process and the efficiency coefficient of ultrasonic amplification of the extraction process speed were calculated.

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Glyphosate (GP) and its Metabolite Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Narimani ◽  
Gabriel da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Rate Theory ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate Theory ◽  
Decomposition Chemistry ◽  
Kinetics Of

Glyphosate (GP) is a widely used herbicide worldwide, yet accumulation of GP and its main byproduct, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soil and water has raised concerns about its potential effects to human health. Thermal treatment processes are one option for decontaminating material containing GP and AMPA, yet the thermal decomposition chemistry of these compounds remains poorly understood. Here, we have revealed the thermal decomposition mechanism of GP and AMPA by applying computational chemistry and reaction rate theory methods. <br>

Particle Destabilization in Turbulent Pipe Flow

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Döll
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Turbulent Pipe Flow ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Adsorption ◽  
Charge Neutralization ◽  
Silica Suspensions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Turbulent Flow Conditions

Silica suspensions (pH = 6.8) and three different cationic polymers were used to study the kinetics of charge neutralization by polyelectrolyte adsorption. The experiments were performed in a continuous flow pipe reactor under steady state turbulent flow conditions. The charge neutralization was monitored by electrophoretic mobility (EPM) measurements of the suspended particles as a function of time after polyelectrolyte audition. The results show the dependency of the destabilization reaction rate on flow and polymer characteristics.

Cyclization and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of O-benzoylbenzamidoximes

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2786-2797
Author(s):  
František Grambal ◽  
Jan Lasovský
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Kinetics of formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from 24 substitution derivatives of O-benzoylbenzamidoxime have been studied in sulphuric acid and aqueous ethanol media. It has been found that this medium requires introduction of the Hammett H0 function instead of the pH scale beginning as low as from 0.1% solutions of mineral acids. Effects of the acid concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the reaction rate and on the kinetic isotope effect have been followed. From these dependences and from polar effects of substituents it was concluded that along with the cyclization to 1,2,4-oxadiazoles there proceeds hydrolysis to benzamidoxime and benzoic acid. The reaction is thermodynamically controlled by the acid-base equilibrium of the O-benzylated benzamidoximes.

Kinetics of carbon monoxide methanation on a Ni/SiO2 catalyst

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678-1685
Author(s):  
Vladimír Stuchlý ◽  
Karel Klusáček
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Adsorbed Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Co Methanation ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of CO methanation on a commercial Ni/SiO2 catalyst was evaluated at atmospheric pressure, between 528 and 550 K and for hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratios ranging from 3 : 1 to 200 : 1. The effect of reaction products on the reaction rate was also examined. Below 550 K, only methane was selectively formed. Above this temperature, the formation of carbon dioxide was also observed. The experimental data could be described by two modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models, based on hydrogenation of surface CO by molecularly or by dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen in the rate-determining step. Water reversibly lowered catalyst activity and its effect was more pronounced at higher temperature.

Kinetic modelling of reactions for the synthesis of 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Moioli ◽  
Leo Schmid ◽  
Peter Wasserscheid ◽  
Hannsjoerg Freund
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the acid catalyzed reactions of acetaldehyde ammonia trimer (AAT) and paraldehyde (para) to 2-methyl-5-ethyl pyridine (MEP) in the presence of an acid catalyst were investigated systematically. A...

The kinetics of the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in catechol

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haleem ◽  
MA Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Rate Equation ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
First Order ◽  
Absolute Reaction Rate ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Absolute Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rate Equation

Kinetic data are reported for the decarboxylation of β-resorcylic acid in resorcinol and catechol for the first time. The reaction is first order. The observation supports the view that the decomposition proceeds through an intermediate complex mechanism. The parameters of the absolute reaction rate equation are calculated.

scholarly journals Kinetic modelling of NO heterogeneous radiation-catalytic oxidation on the TiO2 surface in humid air under the electron beam irradiation

Nukleonika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Nichipor ◽  
Yongxia Sun ◽  
Andrzej G. Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Influential Parameters

Abstract Theoretical study of NOx removal from humid air by a hybrid system (catalyst combined with electron beam) was carried out. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility to decrease energy consumption for NOx removal. The kinetics of radiation catalytic oxidation of NO on the catalyst TiO2 surface under electron beam irradiation was elaborated. Program Scilab 5.3.0 was used for numerical simulations. Influential parameters such as inlet NO concentration, dose, gas fl ow rate, water concentration and catalyst contents that can affect NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results of calculation show that the removal efficiency of NOx might be increased by 8-16% with the presence of a catalyst in the gas irradiated field.

Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera seeds as a bioadsorbent

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago L. Marques ◽  
Vanessa N. Alves ◽  
Luciana M. Coelho ◽  
Nívia M. M. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Natural Adsorbents ◽  
Ph Range

Metal contaminants are generally removed from effluents by chemical and physical processes which are often associated with disadvantages such as the use of toxic reagents, generation of toxic waste and high costs. Hence, new techniques have been developed, among them the study of natural adsorbents, for instance, the use of Moringa oleifera seeds. The potential of M. oleifera seeds for nickel removal in aqueous systems was investigated. The seeds utilized were obtained from plants grown in Uberlândia/Brazil. After being dried and pulverized, the seeds were treated with 0.1 mol/L NaOH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were used for the characterization of the material. Using the optimized methodology (50 mL of 4.0 mg/L Ni(II), pH range of 4.0–6.0, agitation time of 5 min and adsorption mass of 2.0 g) more than 90% of Ni(II) could be removed from water samples. The sorption data were fitted satisfactorily by the Langmuir adsorption model. Evaluation applying the Langmuir equation gave the monolayer sorption capacity as 29.6 mg/g. The results indicate that this material could be employed in the extraction of nickel, considering its ease of use, low cost and environmental viability, which make it highly attractive for application in developing countries.

scholarly journals Post-hatching development of bovine embryos in vitro: the effects of tunnel preparation and gender

Zygote ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazieli Marinheiro Machado ◽  
Ester Siqueira Caixeta ◽  
Carolina Madeira Lucci ◽  
Rodolfo Rumpf ◽  
Maurício Machaim Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Embryo Size ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare morphological characteristics, kinetics of development, and gene expression of male and female IVP embryos that were cultured until day (D)15 (fertilization = D0), using either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Milli-Q water (MQW) to dilute the agarose gel used for tunnel construction. On D11, embryos (n = 286) were placed in agarose gel tunnels diluted in PBS and MQW. Embryos were evaluated for morphology, and embryo size was recorded on D11, D12.5, D14 and D15. Then, embryos were sexed and used for gene expression analyses (G6PD, GLUT1, GLUT3, PGK1, PLAC8, KRT8, HSF1 and IFNT). The percentage of elongated embryos at D15 was higher (p < 0.05) in the PBS (54%) than in the MQW (42%) gel. However, embryos produced in MQW were bigger (p < 0.05) and had a lower expression of GLUT1 (p = 0.08) than those cultured in PBS. There was a higher proportion of male than female embryos at D15 in both treatments, MQW (65% vs. 35%; p < 0.05) and PBS (67% vs. 33%; p < 0.05); however, embryo size was not significantly different between genders. Moreover, D15 female embryos had greater expression of G6PD (p = 0.05) and KRT8 (p = 0.03) than male embryos. In conclusion, the diluent used for tunnel construction affected embryo development in the post-hatching development (PHD) system, and the use of MQW was the most indicative measure for the evaluation of embryo quality. Male and female embryos cultured from D11 to D15, either in an MQW or PBS agarose gel, demonstrated similar development but different gene expression.

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