scholarly journals Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8729
Author(s):  
Michał Wojcieszyk ◽  
Lotta Knuutila ◽  
Yuri Kroyan ◽  
Mário de Pinto Balsemão ◽  
Rupali Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
End Use

Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: Anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyzing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.

Numerical Simulation of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Liquid Fuels and Liquid Fuel Blends

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Majmudar ◽  
K. Aung
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Si Engines

The use of alternative fuels such as methanol and ethanol in spark-ignition (SI) engines is beneficial to the environment as it reduces emissions of pollutants such as NOx from these engines with slight penalty on the performance. This paper investigated the use of liquid fuel blends such as ethanol/gasoline blend in an SI engine by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations were based on the models of finite heat release, cylinder heat transfer, pumping losses, and friction losses. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of compression ratio, equivalence ratio, ignition timing, and engine speed on the performance of the SI engine. The results of the simulations were compared with experimental data from the literature to validate the simulations. Good agreements between the computed and experimental results were obtained. The results showed that the current model could satisfactorily predict the performance of an SI engine fueled by liquid fuel blends.

Spark Advance Modeling of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines Using Combustion Descriptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saket Verma ◽  
L. M. Das
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
System Development ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

In-cylinder pressure-based combustion descriptors have been widely used for engine combustion control and spark advance scheduling. Although these combustion descriptors have been extensively studied for gasoline-fueled spark ignition (SI) engines, adequate literature is not available on use of alternative fuels in SI engines. In an attempt to partially address this gap, present work focuses on spark advance modeling of hydrogen-fueled SI engines based on combustion descriptors. In this study, two such combustion descriptors, namely, position of the pressure peak (PPP) and 50% mass fraction burned (MFB) have been used to evaluate the efficiency of the combustion. With a view to achieve this objective, numerical simulation of engine processes was carried out in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS fluent and simulation data were subsequently validated with the experimental results. In view of typical combustion characteristics of hydrogen fuel, spark advance plays a very crucial role in the system development. Based on these numerical simulation results, it was observed that the empirical rules used for combustion descriptors (PPP and 50% MFB) for the best spark advance in conventional gasoline fueled engines do not hold good for hydrogen engines. This work suggests revised empirical rules as: PPP is 8–9 deg after piston top dead center (ATDC) and position of 50% MFB is 0–1 deg ATDC for the maximum brake torque (MBT) conditions. This range may vary slightly with engine design but remains almost constant for a particular engine configuration. Furthermore, using these empirical rules, spark advance timings for the engine are presented for its working range.

scholarly journals Overview on the Use of Natural Gas in Spark Ignition Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Robert Marian POPA ◽  
◽  
Rodica NICULESCU ◽  
Adrian CLENCI ◽  
Victor IORGA SIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Si Engines

As air pollution and global warming become a priority in sustainable mobility, the evolution of vehicles is facing many regulations that are becoming increasingly stringent in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, forcing the automotive industry to search for solutions to make their products more environmentally friendly. In this environmental and legislative context, considerable attention has been given to natural gas (NG) in spark ignition (SI) engines. Many studies have been conducted to assess the impacts of NG use on engine operation.This overview paper discusses some aspects of recent studies on Natural Gas(NG)production, its physico-chemical properties, and also, on the influence of the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in SI engines: combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

scholarly journals State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elfasakhany
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Cold Starting ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
State Of Art

Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

A New Approach for Ignition Timing Correction in Spark Ignition Engines Based on Cylinder Tendency to Surface Ignition

2016 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanaati ◽  
Mohd Farid Muhamad Said ◽  
Intan Zaurah Mat Darus ◽  
Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Surface Ignition ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The performance of Spark Ignition (SI) engines in terms of thermal efficiency can be restricted by knock. Although it is common for all SI engines to exhibit knock from compressed end-gas, knocks from surface ignition remains a more serious problem due to its effect on combustion stability and its obscurity to detect. This paper focuses on predicting the occurrence of knocks from surface ignition by monitoring exhaust gas temperature (EGT). EGT measured during an engine cycle without the spark plug firing. Therefore, EGT rises illustrated any combustion made by surface ignition. Modelling and simulation of a one-dimensional engine combustion done by using GT-Power. The new approach reduces the complexity as EGT monitoring does not require high computational demands, and the EGT signals are robust to noise. The method is validated against a variety of fuel properties and across engine conditions. A new approach is proposed as a measure to predict and detect the knock events.

scholarly journals A Fast CFD-Based Methodology for Determining the Cyclic Variability and Its Effects on Performance and Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4131
Author(s):  
George M. Kosmadakis ◽  
Constantine D. Rakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Cyclic Variability ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Cyclic Variations

A methodology for determining the cyclic variability in spark-ignition (SI) engines has been developed recently, with the use of an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The simulation of a large number of engine cycles is required for the coefficient of variation (COV) of the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) to converge, usually more than 50 cycles. This is valid for any CFD methodology applied for this kind of simulation activity. In order to reduce the total computational time, but without reducing the accuracy of the calculations, the methodology is expanded here by simulating just five representative cycles and calculating their main parameters of concern, such as the IMEP, peak pressure, and NO and CO emissions. A regression analysis then follows for producing fitted correlations for each parameter as a function of the key variable that affects cyclic variability as has been identified by the authors so far, namely, the relative location of the local turbulent eddy with the spark plug. The application of these fitted correlations for a large number of engine cycles then leads to a fast estimation of the key parameters. This methodology is applied here for a methane-fueled SI engine, while future activities will examine cyclic variations in SI engines when fueled with different fuels and their mixtures, such as methane/hydrogen blends, and their associated pollutant emissions.

scholarly journals Quantitative, time-resolved detection of CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations in flows for injection analysis in CNG engines using IR absorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bauke ◽  
Kai Golibrzuch ◽  
Frank Rotter ◽  
Hainer Wackerbarth ◽  
Olaf Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Inlet Manifold

Abstract. The reduction of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions is an important driving force for the development of modern engines. Especially in the transport sector, the use of alternative fuels like methane, the main component of compressed natural gas (CNG), is an applied measure to achieve this goal. This work describes the development of an optical measurement system for accurate quantification of CH4 densities in gas flows based on broadband absorption of infrared light, i.e. non-dispersive IR absorption spectroscopy (NDIR). We demonstrate the capability of the system to achieve high time resolution as well as high measurement accuracy and precision. The optical set-up of the system is designed for usage at the inlet manifold of CNG-fuelled spark ignition engines. It allows for detailed analysis of the mixture formation during single engine cycles. CH4 densities can be determined by monitoring the infrared light attenuation around 3.3 µm caused by the ν3 anti-symmetric C–H-stretch vibration. We calculate the nonlinear relation between transmittance and CH4 density from absorption cross sections calculated from the HITRAN database. The theoretical transmittance signals are corrected for spectral influences of the bandpass filter, the detector sensitivity, the fibre transmittance and the emission spectrum of the light source in order to calculate CH4 densities directly from the measured transmittance. A calibration function corrects remaining differences between experimental and simulated values and improves the accuracy. We show that the sensor system is capable for determination of air–fuel ratios (λ-values) and demonstrate the dynamic quantification of a CH4 injection into a flow channel under various flow conditions. Furthermore, we present the first measurements with a prototype probe capable of measurements inside the inlet manifold of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. We validate the detection strategy in experiments with premixed gases using a modified inlet geometry and demonstrate its application under standard engine operation with port fuel injection while varying the injection parameters.

scholarly journals Low-Emission Alternative Energy for Transport in the EU: State of Play of Research and Innovation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7764
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ortega ◽  
Konstantinos Gkoumas ◽  
Anastasios Tsakalidis ◽  
Ferenc Pekár
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Eu

The 2030 Climate target plan of the European Commission (EC) establishes a greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction target of at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990. It highlights that all transport modes—road, rail, aviation and waterborne—will have to contribute to this aim. A smart combination of vehicle/vessel/aircraft efficiency improvements, as well as fuel mix changes, are among the measures that can reduce GHG emissions, reducing at the same time noise pollution and improving air quality. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of recent research and innovation in low-emission alternative energy for transport (excluding hydrogen) in selected European Union (EU)-funded projects. It considers the latest developments in the field, identifying relevant researched technologies by fuel type and their development phase. The results show that liquefied natural gas (LNG) refueling stations, followed by biofuels for road transport and alternative aviation fuels, are among the researched technologies with the highest investments. Methane-based fuels (e.g., compressed natural gas (CNG), LNG) have received the greatest attention concerning the number of projects and the level of funding. By contrast, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) only has four ongoing projects. Alcohols, esters and ethers, and synthetic paraffinic and aromatic fuels (SPF) are in between. So far, road transport has the highest use of alternative fuels in the transport sector. Despite the financial support from the EU, advances have yet to materialize, suggesting that EU transport decarbonization policies should not consider a radical or sudden change, and therefore, transition periods are critical. It is also noteworthy that there is no silver bullet solution to decarbonization and thus the right use of the various alternative fuels available will be key.

Theoretical and Experimental Researches Regard the Use of Bioethanol at the Supercharged Spark Ignition Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Obeid Zuhair H. Obeid ◽  
Constantin Pana ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Iulius Bondoc
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Si Engines

The use of bioethanol as alternative fuel for automotive supercharged spark ignition engines is required especially for to respect the pollutant norms which become more and more severe, especially for NOx emissions.The general objective of the researches is improving of a automotive supercharged spark ignition engine efficiency, improving performance of power and torque and decreasing of the emissions level by the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is so a very good alternative fuel for SI engines because of its better combustion proprieties comparative to the gasoline as a good cooling agent of the intake air due to its high vaporization heat.The paper presents results of some theoretical and experimental investigations on a 1.5 L supercharged SI engine fuelled with gasoline-bioethanol blends. The investigations show that the improvement of the combustion process by use the bioethanol at the supercharged spark ignition engine leads to the reduction of BSFC, to the accentuated reduction CO and HC due to a lower C content and better combustion properties of the bioethanol. In same time, the NOx emissions level significantly decreases because of the local cooling effect produced by bioethanol vaporization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document