scholarly journals Strength Development and Shrinkage of Superabsorbent Polymer Concrete with Calcium Sulfoaluminate Clinker and Shrinkage Reducing Admixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8362
Author(s):  
Sung-Il Jeon ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Jung ◽  
Jeong-Hee Nam ◽  
Jae-Myun Nho
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Shrinkage Reducing Admixture ◽  
Reduction Effect

In this study, we analyzed the strength and shrinkage properties of concrete with three additives, superabsorbent polymer (SAP), calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) clinker, and shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA), to verify the internal curing and shrinkage reduction effects. According to compressive strength tests, the use of SAP as an additive resulted in a slight decrease in compressive strength, whereas using 10% CSA clinker as an additive resulted in a compressive strength 8 MPa higher than that of ordinary concrete. In the shrinkage tests, we observed the shrinkage behavior at the surface and in the middle of the concrete while exposing the surface to ambient air for 80 days. According to the results, SAP and SRA had greater shrinkage reduction effects on the concrete than CSA clinker. In particular, the shrinkage reduction rate achieved by adding SAP to the mixture was approximately 32% compared with ordinary concrete. Based on this result, we concluded that the shrinkage of the mixture reduced due to the internal curing effect (humidity adjustment within the concrete) of the SAP. In addition, the shrinkage reduction effect was maximized when we added these materials simultaneously. In particular, the shrinkage reduction rate achieved by adding SAP and SRA together was found to be approximately 69% compared with ordinary concrete. When we added CSA, SAP, and SRA to the concrete mixture, the shrinkage reduction rate was approximately 96% compared with ordinary concrete, making this the best shrinkage reduction effect achieved.

Experimental Research on Basic Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Polymer Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Fan ◽  
Yun Wei Chen ◽  
Hu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Inorganic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Mineral Powder

Inorganic polymer material is a new green energy-saving building material which has a broad development prospect. It has been a hot engineering research issue. In this paper, inorganic polymer concrete is made by using fly ash, mineral powder and alkaline activator. Its basic mechanical properties are studied by the cube compressive strength test, the drying-wetting cycle test and flexural strength test and compared with the ordinary concrete in the same sand ratio. The compressive strength of inorganic polymer concrete specimen with mineral powder in early days is much greater than the same level of ordinary concrete. Without mineral powder, its compressive strength has developed rapidly in the early days, but it become very slower in the later days. Furthermore, its ultimate compressive strength is less than the same level of ordinary concrete. After the drying-wetting cycles, the compressive strength of the inorganic polymer concrete specimen is lower than that of the standard conservation. The reduction rate with mineral powder is smaller. The flexural failure characteristics of inorganic polymer concrete specimen are the same with ordinary concrete. However, its bending strength is lower than the same level of ordinary concrete specimen. Research results provide valuable experimental data for the engineering application of inorganic polymer concrete.

Chloride Ingress Control and Promotion of Internal Curing in Concrete Using Superabsorbent Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Ariel Verzosa Melendres ◽  
Napoleon Solo Dela Cruz ◽  
Araceli Magsino Monsada ◽  
Rolan Pepito Vera Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

Chloride ingress into concrete from the surrounding environment can result in the corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement and cause damage to the concrete. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) with fine particle size was incorporated into the structure of concrete for controlling the chloride ingress and improving its compressive strength via promotion of internal curing. The SAP used in this study was evaluated for its absorbency property when exposed to cementitious environment such as aqueous solution of Ca (OH)2 and cement slurry. The results were compared to that in sodium chloride solution, the environment where absorbency of most of the SAP found in the market are well studied. Results showed that although SAP absorbency decreased with increasing concentration of Ca (OH)2 and cement, the results suggest that water containing cementitious materials are able to be absorbed by SAP. Chloride ingress into 28-day cured concrete specimens were determined using Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) method employing 60V DC driving force. Concrete samples with size of 50 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using a M25 mix design with 0.4 and 0.45 water to cement ratios and different percentages of SAP such as 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% with respect to cement mass. Results showed that concrete with 0.15% SAP gave the best result with 14% less chloride permeability than concrete with no SAP for a 0.4 water to cement ratio. Concrete samples for compressive strength tests with size of 200 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using the same mix design and percentages of SAP and cured for 28 days. Results showed that the best results for compressive strength was found at 0.1% SAP at a 0.4 water to cement ratio which can be attributed to internal curing provided by SAP.

Chemical Resistance of Concrete-Polymer Composites – Comparison Based on Experimental Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Piotrowski ◽  
Piotr Gawroński
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Synthetic Latex

One of the main advantage of Concrete-Polymer Composites (C-PC) in relation to Cement Concrete called Ordinary Concrete is its chemical resistance. There is no European standard for testing the chemical resistance of cement based concretes and C-PC. American standards ASTM provide varied concrete tests depending on exposure conditions and mechanisms of destruction of concrete structures but there is a lack of clear criteria for the evaluation of research results by these methods. There are also requirements for monolithic floors chemical resistance - ASTM C722-04 and the requirements of the standard EN 1504-2, but they involve coating materials and cannot be directly applied to the cement concrete and C-PC. The paper presents the experimental studies of chemical resistance of C-PC in relation to OC. The investigations has been made under different environment conditions. First the samples of Ordinary Concrete (OC), Polymer Concrete (PC-1) based on vinylester resin and Polymer-Cement Concrete (PCC-1) with polyacrylic dispersion used as a co-binder were immersed for a period of time up to 168 days in a distilled water, H2SO4, MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4 and mix of the mentioned. During the storage the pH was controlled. Additionally as a reference the samples were conditioned in a climate chamber (20°C, 60% RH). The compressive strength were tested after defined periods of time. Next experiment was performed on OC and three different PCC – first modified with synthetic latex, second with polyacrylic polymer dispersion and the last with epoxy resin. The samples were immersed in H2SO4 up to 90 days. Compressive strength and mass loss after 30 and 90 days of conditioning were measured. As a reference the water immersion was used. The results obtained in this experimental program showed high chemical resistance of Polymer Concrete. PC samples obtained continuous increases of compressive strength in all examined chemically aggressive environments. It is also confirmed higher chemical resistance of Polymer-Cement Concrete modified with vinylester resin in relation to Ordinary Concrete. The second part of the program showed that the best additive to PCC among poliacrylic dispersion, synthetic latex and epoxy resin was last one. Epoxy modified PCC samples obtained best results both in compressive strength and mass loss tests

Reducing Curing Requirements for Pervious Concrete with a Superabsorbent Polymer for Internal Curing

2012 ◽  
Vol 2290 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Kevern ◽  
Chris Farney
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ring Testing ◽  
Restrained Ring

This paper presents the results of a research project to investigate reducing the need for curing pervious concrete under plastic by incorporating a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) normally intended for internal curing. Pervious concrete samples were produced with and without the SAP along with additional curing water. Compressive strength, unit weight, voids, and permeability testing was performed on hardened cylinders. Shrinkage was determined on beams for total and autogenous deformation with restrained ring testing. Moisture loss was determined with a modified version of the standard used to evaluate curing compounds, followed by rotary cutter surface abrasion. Field test sections were placed and cured under plastic or left open. The results show that mixtures containing the SAP had better workability and were stronger at equal void contents. The mixture containing the SAP had reduced shrinkage, moisture loss, and abrasion. After one winter, the uncured SAP field mixture had performance equal to the control mixture cured under plastic. Although preliminary, the results show that SAP has good potential to reduce curing requirements for pervious concrete under many environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Saturated Coral Aggregate and Shrinkage Reducing Admixture on the Autogenous Shrinkage of Ultrahigh Performance Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinming Liu ◽  
Zhongwen Ou ◽  
Jinchuan Mo ◽  
Yuzhuo Chen ◽  
Tong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Autogenous Shrinkage ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Shrinkage Reducing Admixture ◽  
Autogenous Deformation

The use of saturated coral aggregate (SCA) as practical replacement of quartz sand has been shown to effectively mitigate the autogenous shrinkage in ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC). The autogenous deformation, the compressive strength, the flexural strength, and the hydration property development of paste with different shrinkage means were tested. Three different methods were evaluated to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage: SCA, shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA), and the mixture of SCA and SRA (SRA-SCA). It was found that SCA and SRA have all the effective ways to reduce the shrinkage deformation, and SRA-SCA was the most effective in mitigating the shrinkage. The autogenous shrinkage of UHPC was restrained, when the SCA dosage was 44%, the SRA dosage was 0.8%, the SCA content was 26%, the SRA dosage was 2.4%, the SCA content was 18%, the SRA content was 2.4%, or the SCA dosage was 26%. The mechanical properties were deteriorated by the addition of SCA, while the compressive strength was still higher than 90 MPa at 28 days even though the replacement ratio of SCA was up to 50%. Furthermore, internal curing by means of SCA was proved to be a successful way to mitigate autogenous shrinkage, after the tests.

Texture analysis of the microstructure of concrete with different concentrations of superabsorbent polymer after internal curing

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 102361
Author(s):  
Lixia Guo ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Ling Zhong ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Lunyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer

scholarly journals Properties of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortar Modified by Hydroxyethyl Methyl Celluloses with Different Degrees of Substitution

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Shaokang Zhang ◽  
Ru Wang ◽  
Linglin Xu ◽  
Andreas Hecker ◽  
Horst-Michael Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Tensile Bond Strength ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Cement Mortars

This paper studies the influence of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) on the properties of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement mortar. In order to explore the applicability of different HEMCs in CSA cement mortars, HEMCs with higher and lower molar substitution (MS)/degree of substitution (DS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) modification were used. At the same time, two kinds of CSA cements with different contents of ye’elimite were selected. Properties of cement mortar in fresh and hardened states were investigated, including the fluidity, consistency and water-retention rate of fresh mortar and the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile bond strength and dry shrinkage rate of hardened mortar. The porosity and pore size distribution were also analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results show that HEMCs improve the fresh state properties and tensile bond strength of both types of CSA cement mortars. However, the compressive strength of CSA cement mortars is greatly decreased by the addition of HEMCs, and the flexural strength is decreased slightly. The MIP measurement shows that HEMCs increase the amount of micron-level pores and the porosity. The HEMCs with different MS/DS have different effects on the improvement of tensile bond strength in different CSA cement mortars. PAAm modification can improve the tensile bond strength of HEMC-modified CSA cement mortar.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Types of Internal Curing Liquid on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag (AAS) Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Guang-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Wang ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Yi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

This study shows the effect of different types of internal curing liquid on the properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar. NaOH solution and deionized water were used as the liquid internal curing agents and zeolite sand was the internal curing agent that replaced the standard sand at 15% and 30%, respectively. Experiments on the mechanical properties, hydration kinetics, autogenous shrinkage (AS), internal temperature, internal relative humidity, surface electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and setting time were performed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the setting times of AAS mortars with internal curing by water were longer than those of internal curing by NaOH solution. (2) NaOH solution more effectively reduces the AS of AAS mortars than water when used as an internal curing liquid. (3) The cumulative heat of the AAS mortar when using water for internal curing is substantially reduced compared to the control group. (4) For the AAS mortars with NaOH solution as an internal curing liquid, compared with the control specimen, the compressive strength results are increased. However, a decrease in compressive strength values occurs when water is used as an internal curing liquid in the AAS mortar. (5) The UPV decreases as the content of zeolite sand that replaces the standard sand increases. (6) When internal curing is carried out with water as the internal curing liquid, the surface resistivity values of the AAS mortar are higher than when the alkali solution is used as the internal curing liquid. To sum up, both NaOH and deionized water are effective as internal curing liquids, but the NaOH solution shows a better performance in terms of reducing shrinkage and improving mechanical properties than deionized water.

scholarly journals Material-removing machining wastes as a filler of a polymer concrete (industrial chips as a filler of a polymer concrete)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Norbert Kępczak ◽  
Radosław Rosik ◽  
Mariusz Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Natural Fillers

Abstract The paper presents an impact of the addition of industrial machining chips on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete. As an additional filler, six types of industrial waste machining chips were used: steel fine chips, steel medium chips, steel thick chips, aluminium fine chips, aluminium medium chips, and titanium fine chips. During the research, the influence of the addition of chips on the basic parameters of mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, was analyzed. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions were drawn that the addition of chips from machining causes a decrease in the value of the mechanical properties parameters of the polymer concrete even by 30%. The mechanism of cracking of samples, which were subjected to durability tests, was also explored. In addition, it was found that some chip waste can be used as a substitute for natural fillers during preparation of a mineral cast composition without losing much of the strength parameters.

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