scholarly journals Environmental Particulate Matter (PM) Exposure Assessment of Construction Activities Using Low-Cost PM Sensor and Latin Hypercubic Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7797
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Numan Khan ◽  
Miroslaw J. Skibniewski ◽  
Chansik Park
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Dust Generation

Dust generation is generally considered a natural process in construction sites; ergo, workers are exposed to health issues due to fine dust exposure during construction work. The primary activities in the execution of construction work, such as indoor concrete and mortar mixing, are investigated to interrogate and understand the critical high particulate matter concentrations and thus health threats. Two low-cost dust sensors (Sharp GP2Y1014AU0F and Alphasense OPC N2) without implementing control measures to explicitly evaluate, compare and gauge them for these construction activities were utilized. The mean exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 during both activities were 3522.62, 236.46 and 47.62 µg/m3 and 6762.72, 471.30 and 59.09 µg/m3, respectively. The results show that PM10 and PM2.5 caused during the concrete mixing activity was approximately double compared to the mortar. The Latin Hypercube Sampling method is used to analyze the measurement results and to predict the exposure concentrations. The high dust emission and exposure from mixing activities fail to meet the World Health Organization and Health and Safety Commission standards for environmental exposure. These findings will leverage the integration of low-cost dust sensors with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to formulate a digital twin for automated dust control techniques in the construction site.

Silicosis in rhinestone-manufacturing workers in South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Wen ◽  
X Wen ◽  
R Li ◽  
S Su ◽  
H Xu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Silica Dust ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Silicosis is caused by long-term exposure to silica dust. Crystal rhinestone workers can be exposed to high levels of silica dust and are at risk of silicosis. Aims To explore silicosis cases, silica dust exposure and control measures in a rhinestone factory in South China. Methods We extracted and analysed data on new silicosis cases reported to China’s occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system between 2006 and 2012 from a rhinestone factory in South China. We measured the quartz content of bulk dust, static total and respirable dust samples. Results Ninety-eight silicosis cases were reported between 2006 and 2012. The mean duration of silica dust exposure was 9.2 years (range 3–16). Drilling and polishing workers accounted for 96 (98%) of cases. We collected 1479 static samples including 690 total dust and 789 respirable dust samples. Mean dust levels for drilling were 1.01 mg/m3 (range 0.20–3.80) for total dust and 0.51 mg/m3 (range 0.04–1.70) for respirable dust. Mean dust levels for polishing were 0.59 mg/m3 (range 0.20–2.10) for total dust and 0.28 mg/m3 (range 0.08–0.71) for respirable dust. Over a third [289/789 (37%)] of total dust samples and 129/690 (19%) respirable dust samples exceeded the national permissible exposure limit. Conclusion Exposure to silica dust, ineffective dust control measures and inefficient health surveillance may have contributed to the incidence of silicosis in the factory we studied. Identification of silica dust exposure and effective dust control measures would reduce the risk of silicosis in rhinestone workers.

Comprehensive Control of 7-Amino-Cephalsporanic Acid Dust in Drying Workshop

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Li Min Hou ◽  
Qin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Work Safety ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Enterprise

7-amino-cephalsporanic acid (7-ACA) is the key intermediate of cephalosporin, which has a strong sensitization and explosion hazard. So it seriously affects the worker’s health in the workshop, the environment safety out of the workshop and work safety. The drying workshop of 7-ACA at a pharmaceutical enterprise in Shijiazhuang is investigated and the production process is analyzed, the key places of dust leakage and the causes of dust generation are identified. Combined with the pollution and safety risk in drying workshop, the targeted control measures are taken from the process technology, ventilation system and dust collecting device, which effectively removed the adverse effects from 7-ACA leaking. The study provides a reference for the dust control in similar enterprises.

Efficiency of dust control products in suppression of wind-induced dust emission from soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Katra
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Road ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Product Application ◽  
Disturbed Soils

<p>Surfaces of disturbed soils are subjected to dust PM10 (particulate matter < 10 µm) emission by wind process regardless of human activities such as vehicles (wheels) traveling. However, there is little quantitative information on the efficiency of dust control products in suppression of wind-induced dust emission. The study aimed to fill this clear gap using wind-tunnel experiments under laboratory and field conditions. Diverse dust control products of synthetic and organic polymers (Lignin, Resin, Bitumen, PVA, Brine) were tested. In the first stage, the products were tested under controlled-laboratory conditions. In the second stage, the products were tested in unpaved roads of an active quarry after the transportation of quarry-haul trucks in two time points after the product application. The results show that in most of the plots the dust emission increases with the wind velocity. PM10 fluxes from the road surface in each plot were calculated to determine the effectiveness of the dust control products. Some products significantly reduced the dust emission, especially the magnesium chloride brine. Additional experiments revealed that the brine can be applied with reduced amount than that of the recommended amount while keeping on low dust emission.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Occupational Exposure of Bus Drivers to Road Particulate Matter in Bojnurd, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faeze Sepahi Zoeram ◽  
Hamidreza Mehri ◽  
Meisam Faramarzi Koohsar ◽  
Maryam Hassan Zadeh ◽  
Morteza Esmaeilzadeh Kavaki
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
City Bus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Respiratory Area

Background: Drivers of public vehicles, especially in highly polluted and crowded areas, are exposed to high air pollutants, especially particulate matter less than ten microns (PM10). The purpose of this study was to measure and evaluate the level of exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Bojnurd, Iran. A sampling of particulate matter was taken through bus drivers' respiratory area in two routes from the main routes of the city using the Haz-Dust device. This device has been designed and manufactured based on the NIOSH-500 method. Using an impactor 10, the amount of particulate matter less than ten microns was read from the device.  Particle sampling was performed in both round-trip buses in three shifts in the morning, noon, and evening for one year. The results of the measurements were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean statistical indices, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and One-way ANOVA test at 95% significance level by SPSS software version 24. Results: A total of 420 times, PM10 particles were measured in the drivers' respiratory area.  Approximately 21% of the measurement days had a concentration of more than 150 micrograms per cubic meter of air (or µg/m3). Measurements show that among 140 days of measurement, the highest concentration was on May 21 (with 380.66 µg/m3 of air), and the lowest concentration was on August 9 (with 35.33 µg/m3 of air). The average daily exposure of drivers in this one-year was 151.29 µg/m3 of air. Conclusion: The exposure of city bus drivers to PM10 particles in Bojnurd was much higher than recommended by the World Health Organization (50 µg/m3 of air) and slightly higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency standard (150 µg/m3 of air), which predisposes them to cardiovascular disease in the future. The active buses on these two routes did not use the air conditioning system, which allowed suspended particles to penetrate the bus from the outside. It is suggested that in order to reduce the drivers' exposure, effective control measures should be adopted and implemented as soon as possible, such as launching an air conditioning system equipped with a HEPA filter.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variations and Factors of Air Quality in Urban Central China during 2013–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Mao ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Yamei Shao ◽  
Yan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Grade Ii

Spatiotemporal behaviors of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) in Hefei during the period from December 2013 to November 2015 are investigated. The mean annual PM2.5 (PM10) concentrations are 89.1 ± 59.4 µg/m3 (118.9 ± 66.8 µg/m3) and 61.6 ± 32.2 µg/m3 (91.3 ± 40.9 µg/m3) during 2014 and 2015, respectively, remarkably exceeding the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) grade II. All trace gases basically meet the requirements though NO2 and O3 have a certain upward trend. Old districts have the highest pollution levels, followed by urban periphery sites and new districts. Severe haze pollution occurs in Hefei, with frequent exceedances in particulate matter with 178 (91) days in 2014 (2015). The abnormal PM2.5 concentrations in June 2014 attributed to agricultural biomass burning from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometry (MODIS) wildfire maps and aerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis. PM2.5 is recognized as the major pollutant, and a longer interspecies relationship is found between PM2.5 and other criteria pollutants for episode days as compared to non-episode days. The air pollution in Hefei tends to be influenced by local primary emissions, secondary formation, and regional transport from adjacent cities and remote regions. Most areas of Anhui, southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, and western Shandong are identified as the common high-potential source regions of PM2.5. Approximately 9.44 and 8.53 thousand premature mortalities are attributed to PM2.5 exposure in 2014 and 2015. The mortality benefits will be 32% (24%), 47% (41%), 70% (67%), and 85% (83%) of the total premature mortalities in 2014 (2015) when PM2.5 concentrations meet the CAAQS grade II, the World Health Organization (WHO) IT-2, IT-3, and Air Quality Guideline, respectively. Hence, joint pollution prevention and control measures need to be strengthened due to pollutant regional diffusion, and much higher health benefits could be achieved as the Hefei government adopts more stringent WHO guidelines for PM2.5.

scholarly journals Monitoring Respirable Dust Exposure in Fettling Work Environment of a Foundry: A Proposed Design Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-767
Author(s):  
Milap Sharma ◽  
Krishan K. Kataria ◽  
Narendra M. Suri ◽  
Suman Kant
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Control Intervention ◽  
And Control

Foundry workers are exposed to numerous health hazards, which includes respirable dust exposure as a prominent health issue. Apart from metallic dust, respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is generated during the fettling operation, which is very hazardous and a leading cause for silicosis. Evaluation and control of such hazards deserve particular attention in order to reduce the dust exposure level upto the permissible limits. In present study, an attempt was made to propose a low-cost design control intervention utilizing sensor based intelligence (ATmega328P microcontroller and an optical dust-sensor, SHARP GP2Y1010AU0F) for monitoring the dust exposure, followed by virtual ergonomics approach in CATIAV5R20. The proposed device was tested under several operating conditions. The results indicated that the prototype was sensitive to dust, having higher average dust density values under the dust haze weather condition (arithmetic mean (AM): 0.2590 mg/m3, geometric mean (GM): 0.2350 mg/m3) and fettling work-section (AM: 0.2550 mg/m3, GM: 0.2164 mg/m3) respectively, as compared to other conditions. Also, biomechanics analysis yielded the spine compression values lesser than the recommended limits, validating that the proposed fettling booth models could be considered as suggestive engineering control measures in conjunction with the designed prototype, so as to minimize the respirable dust exposure levels.

scholarly journals Reliability of Low-Cost, Sensor-Based Fine Dust Measurement Devices for Monitoring Atmospheric Particulate Matter Concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Min Cho ◽  
Hyung Jin Jeon ◽  
Dan Ki Yoon ◽  
Si Hyun Park ◽  
Hyung Jin Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Dust Measurement

Currently, low-cost, sensor-based fine dust measurement devices are commercially available in South Korea. This study evaluated the reliability of three such devices—Yi Shan A4, Plantower PMS7003, and Plantower PMS7003—in comparison to long-term consecutive monitoring systems for discharge and prevention facilities regarding fine dust control. The performance of these devices for concentration intervals over time was examined through real-time comparison using a GRIMM (Model: 11-A, dust spectrometer from Grimm Technologies) as a reference; this included a correction factor (C-Factor), calculated by a gravimetric method and an equivalence test. For comparison, the reference and target devices were installed in a chamber with fine dust concentrations of 2 µg/m3, with temperature and humidity maintained at 20 °C and 40%, respectively. The fine particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentrations were classified into five intervals: ≤40 µg/m3, 40–80 µg/m3, 80–120 µg/m3, 120–160 µg/m3, and 200–230 µg/m3. Statistical analysis was performed using data obtained from national stations for monitoring and controlling fine dust released from facilities under high fine dust loading conditions. The results showed that the measurements of all target devices, which were corrected according to the reference device, provided accurate values at PM2.5 concentrations of ≥40 µg/m3. The statistical analysis results suggest that the evaluated devices are more reliable than the conventional numerical-analysis-based monitoring system

Evaluation of Low-Cost Optical Particle Counters for Agricultural Exposure Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Justine M. Olegario ◽  
Swastika Regmi ◽  
Sinan Sousan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Respirable Particulate ◽  
Exposure Measurements

HighlightsThe OPC-N3, developed by Alphasense, may be useful in measuring occupational exposure in agricultural settings based on the agreement with mass concentrations measured by gravimetrical filter analysis.The AirBeam2 is better suited for environmental exposure measurements rather than occupational measurements.Particle sizing by the GRIMM Mini-WRAS 1371 and the OPC-N3 show many aerosols that agricultural workers are exposed to follow a bimodal curve and are above 0.1 µm, thereby the respirator used as personal protective equipment is effective in filtering out aerosols in this occupation.Abstract. Prolonged exposure to dust has been shown to have adverse health effects in agricultural workers, primarily with the development of respiratory diseases. Low-cost sensors may be cost-effective tools for farmers to determine when they are exposed to harmful levels of dust during their workday. The purpose of this study was to identify low-cost sensors that may be reliably used in occupational settings to help workers and employers identify respirable particle matter exposure. The study utilized two different low-cost optical particle counters (OPCs) to collect data on dust exposure, which were worn on a belt by the participant: the OPC-N3 developed by Alphasense and the AirBeam2 developed by HabitatMap. Additionally, an AirChek TOUCH air sampling pump fit with a respirable dust aluminum cyclone allowed for the collection of respirable particulate matter (PM4) to determine the true concentration of exposure. Results show that the PM4 measurements made by the OPC-N3 are similar to the gravimetrical filter measurement at concentrations of < 50 µg/m3. In addition, the data analysis suggests that the AirBeam2 may be significantly underestimating the amount of particulate matter that farmworkers are exposed to and therefore may not be suitable for occupational exposure measurements compared to the OPC-N3. Keywords: Aerosols, Agriculture, AirBeam2, Dust, Exposure, Low-cost, Occupational, Optical particle counter, OPC-N3.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter Distribution in Makurdi and Otukpo Metropolis, Benue State - Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
T Sombo ◽  
A A Agbendeh ◽  
J O Tsor
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Particulate Matter Distribution

The suspended fine particulate matter concentrations in Makurdi and Otukpo Metropolis were measured using Haz-Dust Sampler (AMS 95015). The measurements were carried out at major observed emission sources such as residential and traffic related sources. On the average, traffic- related sources recorded the highest concentration of suspended fine particulate matter in both metropolis with the highest concentration in Otukpo metropolis (594 : g/m ). Generally the measured values from all the sources are above World Health Organization (WHO) standards and National Air Quality Standard (150-230 : g/m 3 for 24 hrs). Results show that Otukpo metropolis has the highest fine particulate concentrations from residential and traffic related sources. In order to keep the suspended fine particulate concentrations from rising above prescribed standards, appropriate control measures are recommended.

Silica Dust Exposure and Efficacy of Dust Control System in Small Silica Flour Mills, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
L.J.Bhagia L.J.Bhagia ◽  
◽  
S.L.Dodia S.L.Dodia ◽  
M.I. Shaikh M.I. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Silica Dust
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