scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Income Inequality and Growth from the Perspective of EU Member States’ Stage of Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5204
Author(s):  
Ionuț Jianu ◽  
Marin Dinu ◽  
Dragoș Huru ◽  
Alexandru Bodislav
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we examined the relationship between income inequality and economic growth from the perspective of each country’s level of development in the European Union, this linkage being reviewed using the median of GDP per capita expressed in the purchasing power standard to split the European Union Member States into two clusters of 14 countries each. Furthermore, we estimated the impact of income inequality on economic growth during the 2010–2018 period at the level of both clusters using the Estimated Generalized Least Squares with a fixed effects method, reinforced by the cross-section weights option. Our results show that income inequality is positively linked to economic growth in the case of developed EU Member States, while for developing EU countries, income inequality is detrimental to growth. This also demonstrates that income gaps may have positive and negative effects on growth depending on the stage of development, this providing important evidence for the need to promote an optimum level of income inequality.

Competitiveness and Economic Growth in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Natália ZAGORŠEKOVÁ ◽  
Michaela ČIEFOVÁ ◽  
Andrea ČAMBALÍKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Union Member States

The paper focuses on competitiveness at the national level and on the impact of competitiveness on economic growth. We look at the relationship between competitiveness and economic growth based on the data from the European Union member states. The competitiveness of the economies is measured by the Global Competitiveness Index, which is published by the World Economic Forum. The European Union member states show significant differences in competitiveness. In the sample examined, the positive relationship between the level of competitiveness and economic growth was not confirmed.

scholarly journals Vectors of EU Common Agricultural Policy Reforms for the Period 2021-2027 with in the International Marketing Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Nataliia SHYBAIEVA ◽  
Tetiana KVIATKO ◽  
Otabeg AZIZOV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Market Price ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact

The article identifies the impact of agricultural policy on the development of state regulation of the economies of European Union member states (EU). The main reason for the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for EU member states has been identified. Some key reforms have been analyzed implemented within the integration association. It was found that the reform of CAP is due to the need to address market price uncertainty, respond to expanding access to the EU market by free trade agreements, use digital technologies to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CAP tools, accelerate their practical application, increase attention to environmental issues, environment, and climate change. The article also presents the main economic and social goals of the CAP, which are included in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It is established that the institutional component of the CAP reform is reflected in the introduction of proposals into the legislative framework of the CAP for the period 2021-2027. The proposals of the European Commission were formulated in nine key objectives, which are considered in this article. Some tools, requirements for their use, and indicators for measuring progress towards the nine specific objectives of the CAP, which the European Commission has proposed to EU member states to achieve the defined goals are also analyzed. The CAP EU budget for 2014-2020 is considered and compared with the proposed budget for 2021-2027 (in constant 2018 prices).

scholarly journals The impact of the Sanctions and Counter Sanctions on the Russian and EU Member States Economies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Cebotari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the consequences of the diplomatic conflict that began in 2014 between the European Union and the Russian Federation caused by the political and military crisis in Ukraine. In March 2014, the leaders of the European Union condemned the actions of Russia in Ukraine and imposed the first restrictive measures against Russian Federation. In turn, Russia took retaliatory measures materialised in an import ban on certain agricultural food products from the EU. The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate the impact of the sanctions and countersanctions on the economy of the Russian Federation and on bilateral trade between Russia and EU member states. This article will focus on the following main objectives: analyzing the evolution of trade relations between the two major powers in the period 2014-2019, determining the factors that may explain the decline in bilateral trade during the period mentioned above and the factors that may explain why some EU Member States have suffered higher losses than others. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were used. Official documents, academic articles and studies conducted by various prestigious think-tanks were analysed. Also, th

scholarly journals Government expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries: New evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pascual Sáez ◽  
Santiago Álvarez-García ◽  
Daniela Castañeda Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence of the impact of government spending on economic growth in the European Union countries. Governments can adjust their levels of spending in order to influence their economies, although the relationship between these variables can be positive or negative, depending on the countries included in the sample, the period of estimation and the variables which reflect the size of the public sector. The results obtained based on regression and panel techniques suggest that government expenditure is not clearly related with economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1994-2012.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND IMPACT ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva DUMCIUVIENE ◽  
Alina STUNDZIENE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic And Social Indicators

The economic and social cohesion is one of the economic objectives of the European Union. It is, therefore, important to analyse the impact of policies of the European Union on cohesion. The establishment of the common market still did not offer a solution for economic problems faced by the Member States. The economic and social cohesion is very important to strengthen the political and economic development of the Member States. This article includes the analysis of Lithuanian economic environment compared with the other Member States and the impact of EU structural funds on economic growth of the country. The detailed analysis of the correlation between funding and economic and social indicators of Lithuania showed that there is the significant direct relationship between the funding and the direct foreign investments per inhabitant. The significant correlation between EU support and other economic and social indicators was not found. Nevertheless the EU funding is undoubtedly useful and necessary to promote the economic growth. The efficiency of the use of EU funds is the largest problem and the task achieving the maximum benefit for the economics of Lithuania.

scholarly journals THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A EUROPEAN DEFENCE FUND IN THE FUNCTION OF THE SECURITY AUTONOMY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1748
Author(s):  
Nikola Vidović ◽  
Hatidža Beriša ◽  
Milenko Dželetović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Global Aspect ◽  
The Impact

In line with the increased level of risks, threats and challenges to the security of the European Union, on the initiative of the European Commission under the leadership of President Jean-Claude Juncker, on June 7, 2017, the European Defence Fund was established with the aim of establishing the European Union's security and strategic autonomy through the strengthening of military capacity of member states. By determining common strategic priorities for enhancing military capabilities in accordance with the regulations, European Union member states are obliged to establish a strategy for addressing military capacity shortages. In the present global aspect, the allocation of significant financial resources for the need to finance rising military demands is an important turning point in the field of international relations and it directly affects the macroeconomic and security trends in the world.The paper examines the potential of the European Defence Fund within the framework of the new comprehensive package for the defence of the European Union and the perspectives of sustainable financing in the two planning stages through systematic financial analysis. The first phase involves research in the field of defence technologies, while in the focus of the second phase are development and acquisition. The analysis will also include two financial packages, within the fund, which is intended to fund programs and projects in two time intervals, the first by 2020, and the second from 2021 to 2027.The research work will emphasize and the justification of the establishment of the European defence fund in terms of financial tools for public financing of which it is composed, and the impact of the fund on the activation and recruitment of industrial capacities of the member states of the European Union, ie the employment rate of the population of Europe, and the impact on interoperability between armed forces of EU member states.

scholarly journals Моделювання ефективного фіскального регулювання економіки України в умовах євроінтеграції

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Луценко А.С.
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wage Cuts ◽  
Visegrad Group

The experience of fiscal regulation in the countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia), which are relatively new members of the European Union, have carried out quite large-scale consolidation of budgets under the influence of supranational fiscal regulation of the European Union. Specific features of fiscal regulation in the Visegrad Group countries and Ukraine have been identified, namely: low level of social security (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); lower level of budget expenditures to GDP of countries (compared to EU Member States with developed economies); more developed indirect taxation than developed countries. The toolkit of consolidation of budgets in the countries of the European Union is specified: measures of increase of budget revenues (increase of tax rates, expansion of the tax base, refusal of privileges and others); measures to reduce budget expenditures (reduction of public sector consumption through wage cuts and others); measures aimed at changing the pension regime (increasing the retirement age, reducing the payment of pensions); measures aimed at reforming social transfers (reduction of payments, abolition of benefits and bonuses). It is found that two approaches are usually used to determine the budgetary consolidation period of the Visegrad Group countries: a quantitative one that operates on a set of indicators that characterize the volume of fiscal impulse; narrative that relies on monitoring regulatory documents. It was determined that one of the main tools for increasing the budget revenues of the Visegrad Group countries was social payments, which are the most stable sources, which are almost independent of macroeconomic dynamics. This was the reason for the nationalization of the pension system in Hungary and Poland. The mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy is proposed. It is argued that the objects of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the economy of Ukraine are the budgetary and tax systems, and the subjects - the state, represented by bodies and services that apply the methods and instruments of fiscal regulation. The main tasks of this mechanism of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are outlined: balancing of budget indicators; assistance in reducing public debt; optimization of tax burden; control over the impact on GDP growth. The principles of effective fiscal regulation of the Ukrainian economy are highlighted: scientific validity; systematic; legislative regulation; continuity; efficiency; reconciliation of interests; adaptation; complexity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Income Inequality. Evidence from European Union Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Albu Ada-Cristina ◽  
Albu Lucian-Liviu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We will investigate in this paper the relation between income inequality and climate change, taking into account that the increase of carbon emissions has among consequences the increase of inequalities. The most vulnerable to climate change are the poorest and less developed countries. Climate change represents an important challenge for EU policymakers and the transition to zerocarbon emissions will lead to greater social inclusion and convergence among EU countries. We use in this paper two-stage OLS in order to analyse the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions in case of EU countries.. We apply our model to two groups of European Union countries, the old member states - EU15 and new member states - EU13. Our results confirm that there are important differences between the two groups regarding the relationship between climate change and income inequalities. Therefore, policies implemented at EU level are extremely important in order to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on growing inequality and poverty in EU countries. Governments must invest in new technologies, industries and innovation in order to address the complex challenge posed by mitigating climate change.

scholarly journals Impact of Brexit on voting power in Council of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jakub Gábor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe United Kingdom has left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Discussions that preceded such a move were conducted in three dimensions: they pertained a post-Brexit relationship between the UK and EU, future conduct within the UK and the one within the EU. Whilst public discourse has been dominated by the first two, this paper approaches the third one – on how Brexit has affected relationships between remaining 27 EU Member States. Stemming from the calculation of Banzhaf indices, it assesses the impact of Brexit on the voting power of remaining Member States in the Council of the EU – arguably the most important body within the EU institutional architecture – and identifies which countries are going to record the most significant gains and losses in this respect.

scholarly journals New Tendencies of Political Parties Transformation in the Era of Globalization and Digital Technologies on the Example of Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
B. Guseletov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Elections ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Parties ◽  
The Impact

Received 30.10.2020. The article examines the processes of formation and institutionalization of pan-European parties (Europarties) as a new institution in the party-political system of the European Union. This institution emerged relatively recently in the mid‑1970s, on the eve of the first European elections in 1979. The main stages of institutionalization of European parties and their factions in the European Parliament are presented. The article shows the key differences between this type of a party and traditional political parties as well as the way relations between the European parties and national parties from the EU member states are developing. It analyzes the current state of these parties and the impact of the most important challenges that the European Union has faced in the last decade: the global financial and economic crisis, the migration crisis in Europe, Brexit, and the coronavirus pandemic. The article considers the legal basis for ensuring the functioning of these parties, which is contained in the Lisbon Treaty, and a number of other fundamental acts of the European Union regulating the activities of its political system. The results of the 2014 and 2019 pan-European parliamentary elections are analyzed; it is shown how positions of the leading European parties represented in the European Parliament have changed. The reasons for the change in the electoral results of these parties, including the growing popularity of Eurosceptic parties, are indicated. It is noted to which EU member states the most popular European parties belong, and what the reason for this distribution is. The article presents new trends in the development of the Institute of European parties associated with an active use of new communication technologies in party building, as well as the emergence of a new type of European parties that advocate the federalization of the European Union.

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