scholarly journals Developing Generalised Equation for the Calculation of PayBack Period for Rainwater Harvesting Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4266
Author(s):  
Monzur A. Imteaz ◽  
Maryam Bayatvarkeshi ◽  
Md. Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Roof Area ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Many end-users for the stormwater harvesting systems are reluctant in implementing the system due to uncertainties of the potential returns for their investment for such system. A common practice of presenting potential benefit of a certain investment is through calculation of payback period using net annual benefit from the system. Traditional practice of doing such payback period analysis for rainwater tanks was considering individual building/roof, system volume, and specific investment cost. It is not feasible to conduct such analysis for each and every rainwater harvesting system installed in different buildings. To overcome this tedious practice, this study presents development of a generalised equation for the estimation of payback period for rainwater tanks based on roof area, initial cost, and rate of return. Based on an earlier study, several payback periods were calculated for different roof sizes, initial costs, and rate of return. It was found that all these variables can be correlated and embedded into a base equation of power function. Final developed equation results were compared with the payback periods calculated through traditional practice considering net annual savings and net present value of cumulative savings. It is found that the developed equation can estimate payback periods with very good accuracies; for all the selected internal rates of return correlation values ranging from 0.99 to 1.0 were achieved. Corresponding coefficient of determinations varied from 0.988 to 0.993. Furthermore, it is found that for a fixed roof area and rate of return, the payback period is having a power relationship (having an exponent less than 1.0) with the initial cost.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Two Rainwater Harvesting Systems Located in Central Eastern Europe

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stec ◽  
Martina Zeleňáková
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
The Impact

Decentralized water systems are perceived as solutions that not only save water, but also as a way to partially or completely become independent from centralized suppliers. Taking this into account, an analysis of the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) for toilet flushing in existing academic facilities located in Poland and in Slovakia was carried out. The tests took into account the different volumes of storage tanks collecting rainwater. On the basis of two financial ratios, namely Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Period, the profitability of these systems was also assessed. The research was extended by the sensitivity analysis, which allowed determination of the impact of changes in individual cost components on the financial effectiveness of the investments considered. The results obtained clearly showed that the implementation of RWHS in the dormitory in Rzeszów was unprofitable for all tank capacities tested, and the payback period significantly exceeded the period of 30 years accepted for the analysis. Completely different results were obtained for RWHS in a dormitory located in the city of Košice, for which the financial ratios NPV (Net Present Value) and DPP (Discounted Payback Period) were very favorable. It was also confirmed by the results of the sensitivity analysis. The use of rainwater for toilet flushing caused that it was possible to achieve water savings of an average of 29% and 18%, respectively, for facilities located in Slovakia and Poland. The results of the research have a practical aspect and can provide an indication for potential investors and managers of academic facilities, similar to those analyzed in the article. Taking into account that in many countries water and sewage rates are significantly higher than in Poland and Slovakia, the cost-effectiveness of using the analyzed installation options in these countries could be even higher.

scholarly journals Investment feasibility analysis of rainwater harvesting in a building in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ghisi ◽  
L. P. Thives ◽  
R. F. W. Paes
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Internal Rate

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the investment feasibility analysis of rainwater harvesting in a building located in Brazil. Rainwater was used to supply toilets, cleaning and irrigation. The costs of materials, labour and maintenance were obtained to carry out the economic analysis; the indicators used were the net present value, internal rate of return and payback period. The investment feasibility analysis and the potential for potable water savings were obtained by means of computer simulation. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 26.70% to 64.70%. The net present value, internal rate of return and payback period for the best scenario were, respectively, R$132,801.47, 3.73% per month and 32 months. For the worst scenario the net present value was R$9,451.26, the internal rate of return was 0.91% per month and the payback period was 166 months. Thus, rainwater can be used as a sustainable alternative and be financially feasible.

scholarly journals Sizing of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Economic Performance Indicators to Support Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umapathi ◽  
Pezzaniti ◽  
Beecham ◽  
Whaley ◽  
Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Roof Area

This paper presents a monitoring-based investigation of rainwater collection systems using economic performance indicators in a group of households with nonconventional end-uses for rainwater that are not traditionally associated with rainwater supply. The monitored data for five household rainwater tank systems were analysed in two stages. For the first stage, the data was empirically analysed to develop a method to predict effective roof catchment areas. For the second stage, the effective roof catchment areas, together with roof area connection percentages, were analysed against different types of water demands in individual households. The individual systems were investigated for yield capacities, costs and water security using a modified Roof Runoff Harvesting Systems average annual yield model based on daily water balance procedures. The Life Cycle Costing analysis of the systems using the model was based on the Capital Recovery Method by taking into consideration the capital costs as well as ongoing costs for maintenance, replacement and operation of the systems. The analysis established the optimal sizing requirements for the studied rainwater tanks and their corresponding roof area connectivity.

scholarly journals Knowledge of measures to safeguard harvested rainwater quality in rural domestic households

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baguma ◽  
Willibald Loiskandl ◽  
Ika Darnhofer ◽  
Helmut Jung ◽  
Michael Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Quality ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Given the possibility of waterborne diseases caused by inappropriate rainwater harvesting systems, a survey was conducted in Uganda to assess existing knowledge of both physical and non-physical measures that safeguard harvested rainwater. Households who had received rainwater tanks were assessed on issues related to harvested rainwater quality. The study shows that 84% of respondents were aware of various sources of rainwater contamination, but only 5% were aware that they needed to adjust use of rainwater, depending on whether they cleaned the tank or not. Most of the respondents were not aware that gutter cleaning was necessary to improve water quality. Indeed, as the water from the collection surface is channelled through gutters, a number of measures need to be taken to control the entry of contaminations and subsequent growth of pathogens in the tank, e.g. first flush diverts, installation of filters, chemical use and mesh cleaning. The majority, however, did not take adequate care of the gutters and this impacts on health and social livelihood. Overall, the findings emphasize the need to provide more information to households when installing water harvesting tanks to ensure that the harvested rainwater is of high quality.

Performance of rainwater harvesting systems under scenarios of non-potable water demand and roof area typologies using a stochastic approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitoria A.R. Lopes ◽  
Guilherme Fernandes Marques ◽  
Fernando Dornelles ◽  
Josue Medellin-Azuara
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Roof Area

scholarly journals PERHITUNGAN BIAYA DAN PENGHEMATAN DARI RENCANA PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN DI APARTEMEN ROYAL MEDITERANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Julian Kietowibowo ◽  
Arianti Sutandi ◽  
Vittorio Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Time Required

Rainwater harvesting system is system that can be used to collect rain water that falls on the roof to be used as raw water for example to water a garden, to flush water in the toilet, etc. Another benefit of the rainwater harvesting system is also to reduce rainwater runoff to the city channel so as to reduce flood discharge. In this study an analysis of rainwater harvesting systems was made at Royal Mediterania Garden Apartment, from a financial perspective to find out the amount of costs carried out for the construction of a rainwater harvesting system and the magnitude of the savings prospects resulting from making this system, then the investment payback time was also calculated using the method payback period. From the calculation results, the time needs to return the investment is 11 years 11 months 8 days. So in terms of the length of time required to return the initial investment, making this system less attractive. Another thing that can be considered is following the existing government regulations in making this rainwater harvesting system and also reduce the use of raw water and can be one of the criteria in making the building as a green building.  ABSTRAKSistem pemanenan air hujan adalah salah satu sistem yang dapat digunakan untuk menampung air hujan yang jatuh ke atap untuk kemudian digunakan sebagai air baku misalnya untuk menyiram taman, untuk menyiram air di toilet, dan lain-lain. Fungsi lain dari sistem pemanenan air hujan ini juga dalah untuk mengurangi limpasan air hujan ke saluran kota sehingga dapat mengurangi debit banjir. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis pembuatan sistem pemanenan air hujan di Apartemen Royal Mediterania Garden, dari segi finansial untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya yang dipelukan untuk konstruksi sistem pemanenan air hujan serta besarnya prospek penghematan yang dihasilkan dari pembuatan sistem ini, kemudian dihitung juga waktu pengembalian investasi dengan metode payback period. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan waktu yang diperlukan untuk pengembalian investasi adalah selama 11 tahun 11 bulan 8 hari. Sehingga ditinjau dari segi lamanya waktu yang diperlukan untuk pengembalian investasi awal, pembuatan sistem ini kurang menarik. Hal lain yang dapat menjadi pertimbangan adalah mengikuti peraturan pemerintah yang ada dalam pembuatan sistem pemanenan air hujan ini, dan juga mengurangi pemakaian air baku serta dapat menjadi salah satu keriteria dalam menjadikan bangunan sebagai bangunan hijau.

EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novdin M Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun  2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %,  B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Ternak Ayam Kampung Super (Studi Kasus pada Peternakan Suparlan di Desa Jojog Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikri Fathurahman Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

This study aims to analyze financially (net present value, revenue cost ratio, internal rate of return, break event point, return on investment and payback period) feasibility of kampung super chicken farming Mr. Suparlan in Jojog village, district Pekalongan, East Lampung regency. The data used in the form of quantitative and qualitative data sourced from the primary data and secondary data which is then analyzed descriptively. Based on the analysis, it is known that kampung super farm is financially feasible to cultivate. This is indicated by the positive value of net present value (NPV) of Rp 186,568,517, revenue ratio (RCR) 1.59, internal rate of return (IRR) of 135.82%, return on investment (ROI) of 43%, and the value of payback period (PP) of 0.50. Keywords: financial feasibility, kampung chicken, chicken farm

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