scholarly journals Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Marija Bratić ◽  
Aleksandar Radivojević ◽  
Nenad Stojiljković ◽  
Olivera Simović ◽  
Emil Juvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Behavior Shift

Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perception, also predicts some forms of planned changes in vacation behaviour. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reduce traveler uncertainty in order to recover international leisure travel.

The influence of risk and uncertainty on teachers’ responses to professional learning and development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Twyford ◽  
Deidre Le Fevre ◽  
Helen Timperley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how perceptions of risk influenced teachers’ sensemaking and actions during a professional learning and development (PLD) initiative where teachers were expected to change their practices. Design/methodology/approach A risk perception lens, focussed on uncertainty, was used to capture the on-going experiences of teachers as they participated in PLD. The PLD, delivered by one organisation, focussed on developing teacher use and understanding of formative assessment practices. Data for this three-school qualitative exploratory case study of teachers’ perceptions of risk primarily utilised qualitative interviews. Findings Findings identified that teachers perceived risk and experienced feelings of vulnerability as a result of their on-going assessment and evaluation of the uncertainty in the professional learning context. The perceived risk informed teachers’ responses and actions, ultimately impacting on teachers’ learning. Practical implications The risk perception process model developed from the findings and conceptual framework provides a tool for educators to navigate and reduce perceived risk and enhance learning in change. Originality/value This research advances the conceptualisation of perceived risk in PLD. It challenges the current concept of teachers’ resistance and instead considers the role of their perceptions of risk, broadening the understanding of responses to educational change.

scholarly journals Risk Perception and Self-Protective Behavior

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop van der Pligt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Most models of health-related behaviors are based on the assumption that people estimate the seriousness of a risk, evaluate the costs and benefits of action, and then select a course of action that will maximize their expected outcome. Risk refers to the possibility of loss and is generally conceived as consisting of two components: the probability and the severity of negative outcomes. This article focuses on the probability component. First the role of perceived risk in models of health-behavior will be discussed. Possible biases in risk-perception and the role of perceived risk as a determinant of protective behavior are the next issue. This is followed by some methodological considerations about how to measure perceived risk and investigate its role as a behavioral determinant. Next we turn to optimistic biases in comparative risk appraisal and briefly discuss both antecedents and consequences of optimism. Finally we discuss some implications of these findings for programs aiming to change health-related behavior and increase protective action.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP PERSEPSI NILAI NASABAH YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH PERSEPSI RISIKO STUDI PADA NASABAH LPD PERERENAN KABUPATEN BADUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Ida bagus Surya Wijaya ◽  
Kastawan Mandala
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Analysis Technique

The risks faced by customers when using the services of LPD, with attention to and maintain the quality of the company provided to customers will be added value to the LPD. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of service quality on the perception of customer value mediated by risk perception. This research was conducted at LPD Pererenan Kabupaten Badung. The sample used is 100 customers. The technique of this research is purposive sampling and analysis technique used is path analysis technique. Quality of service has a positive and significant impact on the perception of value. Perceptions of risk have a negative and significant impact on the perception of value, which means that when perceived risk perceptions of customers when using LPD services are high, the perception of customer value on LPD is low. Service quality has a negative and significant impact on risk perception. Perceptions of risk mediate the effect of service quality on the perception of customer value positively and significantly, it proves when the quality of service and perception of customer value is high then customer risk perceptions aat using LPD services low. A good LPD business should be able to maintain the quality of service provided to its customers, in terms of service. LPDs should be able to prioritize the interests of LPD customers in financial services LPD, able to establish good service quality and perception of good customer value.   Keywords: service quality, customer perception, risk perception

scholarly journals Functional Neuroimaging Reveals Neural Processes Underlying Food Technology Attitudes and Risk Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Beyer ◽  
M. LaCour ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
T. H. Davis ◽  
J. L. Finck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Positive Attitudes

ObjectivesAdvances in food technology provide numerous benefits including improvements in sustainability, quality, and food security. However, consumers often perceive such technologies as risky, even when extensively vetted for safety. Neuroimaging has the potential to reveal how the consumer brain processes information about technologies and how this processing relates to their attitudes and risk perception. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how brain activation during processing of infographics about food technologies related to subsequent ratings of risk and attitudes. Based on neuroeconomic research, we hypothesized that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) would track positive attitudes for the technologies due to its role in computing subjective value and positive affect. In contrast, we predicted that the lateral PFC would track perceptions of risk associated with the technologies due to its role in processing conflict and uncertainty.Materials and MethodsParticipants (n = 53; 31 Female; Age 18- 43) completed a neuroimaging study at Texas Tech Neuroimaging Institute. Participants were scanned while viewing 6 different food technology infographics in 30s blocks: hormone implants, antibiotics, vaccines, GMOs, animal welfare technology, and sustainability technologies. Between viewing blocks, participants answered attitudes and risk perception questions for each technology. The scans were analyzed using a mixed effect implemented in FSL’s FEAT software and corrected for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05) using cluster-based thresholding with a primary threshold of z = 3.1 (p < 0.001).ResultsParticipants had lower attitudes and higher risk perception for antibiotics and hormones relative to GMOs and vaccines (risk perception: t(52) = 5.07, p < 0.001; attitudes: t(52) = 8.35, p < 0.001) and animal welfare and sustainability technologies (risk perception: t(52) = 6.60, p < 0.001; attitudes: t(52) = 7.65, p < 0.001). Consistent with our predictions, a cluster in lateral PFC (1496 voxels, p < 0.001) was positively associated with between-infographic differences in risk perception (and negatively associated with attitudes) such that it was most highly activated for the hormones and antibiotics and less so for the lower perceived risk technologies. Additionally, we observed a cluster in vmPFC (648 voxels, p < 0.001) that was positively associated with attitudes and thus was most highly activated for the lower perceived risk and higher attitude technologies. Several additional areas were associated with risk and attitudes including lateral parietal cortex, precuneus, occipital, and middle temporal gyrus (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results present a critical step forward in understanding how consumers process information about food technologies. We found areas of the vmPFC tracked positive attitudes and lateral PFC tracked perceptions of risk and lower attitudes. These findings are important because they suggest that PFC regions may contribute to how consumers process information about food technologies, which can affect how they retain and use information to update their beliefs. Future research should examine whether fMRI may be useful prospectively for predicting consumer responses to information campaigns about food technologies.

Dismissing “Don’t Know” Responses to Perceived Risk Survey Items Threatens the Validity of Theoretical and Empirical Behavior-Change Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162110178
Author(s):  
Erika A. Waters ◽  
Marc T. Kiviniemi ◽  
Jennifer L. Hay ◽  
Heather Orom
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Empirical Risk ◽  
Volitional Behavior ◽  
Don't Know Responses ◽  
The U.S

Since the middle of the 20th century, perceptions of risk have been critical to understanding engagement in volitional behavior change. However, theoretical and empirical risk perception research seldom considers the possibility that risk perceptions do not simply exist: They must be formed. Thus, some people may not have formulated a perception of risk for a hazard at the time a researcher asks them, or they may not be confident in the extent to which their perception matches reality. We describe a decade-long research program that investigates the possibility that some people may genuinely not know their risk of even well-publicized hazards. We demonstrate that indications of not knowing (i.e., “don’t know” responses) are prevalent in the U.S. population, are systematically more likely to occur among marginalized sociodemographic groups, and are associated with less engagement in protective health behaviors. “Don’t know” responses are likely indications of genuinely limited knowledge and therefore may indicate populations in need of targeted intervention. This body of research suggests that not allowing participants to indicate their uncertainty may threaten the validity and generalizability of behavior-change research. We provide concrete recommendations for scientists to allow participants to express uncertainty and to analyze the resulting data.

scholarly journals What are the Factors affecting Tourist Behavior based on the Perception of Risk? Romanian and Serbian Tourists’ Perspective in the Aftermath of the recent Floods and Wildfires in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6310
Author(s):  
Sanja Kovačić ◽  
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint ◽  
Ruxandra Ionce ◽  
Đurđa Miljković
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tourist Behavior ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Behavior Based

During the summer season 2018 and 2019, natural hazards (namely, floods and wildfires) have occurred at some of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece, endangering tourists’ safety and vacation quality. These have influenced tourists’ perception of Greece as a “potentially risky destination”, causing a decrease in the number of tourists willing to visit this country. However, the current study assumes that some tourists will show more courageous travel behavior in the aftermath of natural hazards, while others will remain cautious when deciding to travel to risky destinations. Therefore, the questionnaire on a sample group of 431 respondents from Serbia and Romania was conducted to explore the factors influencing such differences. The study aims to explore whether tourists’ individual characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on perceived risks. The study also intends to analyze the moderating role of tourists’ nationality, considering the relationship between personality and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. The findings provide evidence that not only tourists’ personality but also sociodemographic characteristics influence tourism worries and tourist behavior based on the perceived risk. Additionally, the study is the first to explore and confirm the role of nationality in tourist behavior based on the perceived risk, as well as the moderation role of nationality in regression between tourist’s personality and behavior based on the perception of risk. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Framing effects of information on investment risk perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (86) ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Beatriz Azevedo Monteiro ◽  
Aureliano Angel Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Fixed Income ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to verify whether the framing effects of past performance information affect the risk perception of individuals for fixed-income and variable income fund. We assess whether risk perception varies depending on how information is communicated to investors, considering the relevance of possible framing effects arising from how information is presented in investment funds’ prospectuses and reports. This study is aimed at investors (individual and institutional) and fund industry regulators, highlighting the importance of past performance presentation. This article aims to contribute to the area by investigating how investors are influenced by varying perceptions of risk and return on fixed-income and variable-income assets, depending on information presentation format. The approach used is based on a 2x2 factorial quasi-experiment, in which format (within-subject) and time horizon (between-subjects) effects are tested in a sample of 143 respondents. Our results indicate that, for investment in a variable-income fund, a monthly yield presentation format leads to higher perceived risk, and that a framing emphasizing fund value evolution leads to higher perceived returns. As for investment in a fixed-income fund, the framing that emphasizes fund value leads to both higher perceived risk and higher perceived returns. When comparing the results for the two types of investments, the risk perception was higher for variable-income than for fixed income funds. However, perceived returns were higher for fixed income than for variable-income funds due to the framing effect, although realized returns do not corroborate this perception.

The Role of Arrest Risk Perception Formation in the Association Between Psychopathy and Aggressive Offending

2021 ◽  
pp. 154120402110299
Author(s):  
Sultan Altikrit ◽  
Joseph L. Nedelec ◽  
Ian Silver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Aggressive Offending

Research on the role of risk perception as a mechanism linking personality traits and behavioral outcomes is limited. The current study assessed a developmental model of the influence of psychopathic traits (PPTs) on the between- and within-individual variation in perceptions of risk and aggressive offending. Multivariate latent growth curve models were used to estimate the role of risk perceptions in the association between PPTs and aggressive offending in a sample of 1,354 adjudicated youths. The results indicated that PPTs influenced between-individual differences in perceptions of risk (β = −.312) and aggressive offending (β = .256), although the effects on within-individual differences suggested some attenuation over time. Additionally, higher PPT scores exhibited an indirect influence on increased aggressive offending through reduced perceptions of risk (β = .049). Implications from this line of research support calls for a developmentally informed juvenile justice system that considers latent personality traits and their long-term effects. Broader implications support individualized rehabilitative programming and tailored responses to offending over the blanket deterrence approach that dominates the current landscape of the American criminal justice system.

scholarly journals Perceptions of personal risk in tourists’ destination choices: nature tours in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Osland ◽  
Robert Mackoy ◽  
Marleen McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Destination Choices ◽  
Company Reputation ◽  
Social Motivations

AbstractTerrorism, pandemic diseases, and other threatening events have recently heightened the sense of personal risk for tourists considering international travel. This article addresses the paucity of research assessing perceptions of risk both before and during travel to risky destinations. Tourists on two nature tours in Mexico were interviewed and observed while engaged in the travel. Many types of specific perceived risks were uncovered, including insect-borne disease, traffic accidents, financial losses, and unattained goals. Some correlates of perceived risk were tour company reputation, stage of family life cycle, age, and motivation. Based on the types of perceived risk and the factors, five propositions are discussed. One unexpected proposition addresses the role of age and states that as the perceived years of physical ability to travel decreases, the tolerance for safety risk increases. Another proposes that eco-tourists with intense, destination-specific motivations are more tolerant of travel risk than those with casual and/or social motivations. The article concludes with suggestions for tour industry managers and directions for future research.

Relative Contribution of Likelihood and Severity of Injury to Risk Perceptions

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (13) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Young ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter ◽  
John W. Brelsford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
People’S Perceptions

The degree of caution that people are willing to take for a given product is largely determined by their perceptions of the risk associated with that product. Research suggests that risk perceptions are determined by the objective likelihood or probability of encountering potential hazards (Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein, 1979). However, there is also research suggesting that objective likelihood plays little or no role in determining risk perceptions. Rather, risk is determined by the subjective dimension of the hazard or in other words, the severity of injury (Wogalter, Desaulniers and Brelsford, 1986, 1987). The present research examined aspects of these two studies in an attempt to reconcile the observed differences. Subjects evaluated either the Wogalter et al. (1986, 1987) products or the Slovic et al. (1979) items on eight rating questions. Results demonstrated that severity of injury was the foremost predictor of perceived risk for the Wogalter products, but that likelihood of injury was primarily responsible for ratings of risk for the Slovic items. The two lists differed substantially on all the dimensions evaluated, suggesting that the content of the lists is responsible for the contrary findings. In a second study, subjects rated another set of generic consumer products. These ratings showed a pattern of results similar to the Wogalter products. Overall, this research: (a) explains the basis for conflicting results in the risk perception literature, and (b) demonstrates that severity of injury, and not likelihood of injury, is the primary determinant of people's perceptions of risk for common consumer products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document