scholarly journals Comparing Wild and Cultivated Arnica montana L. from the Italian Alps to Explore the Possibility of Sustainable Production Using Local Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Valeria Leoni ◽  
Gigliola Borgonovo ◽  
Luca Giupponi ◽  
Angela Bassoli ◽  
Davide Pedrali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Arnica Montana

Arnica montana L. is an alpine herbaceous plant typical of nutrient-poor grasslands. It is a popular medicinal plant for the treatment of bruises, cuts and pain, and it is also an endangered alpine species. For this reason, the sustainable production of inflorescences instead of the spontaneous collection of plant material, coupled with the use of local ecotypes, should be incentivized. Inflorescences of a wild accession of arnica were compared versus an accession cultivated in Valsaviore (Italian Alps) in terms of seed germination performance and phytochemical characterization by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The germination percentage was high (>75%) for both cultivated and wild seeds. The NMR spectra of arnica extracts were very similar and confirmed the presence of sesquiterpene compounds, esters of helenaline and dehydroelenaline. A significant high percentage of acetic acid methyl ester (38 μg/g) and the 2-methyl methyl ester of propanoic acid (31 μg/g) were found in cultivated arnica and were probably associated with fermentation processes linked to the traditional method of air drying on a trellis. The possibility of growing A. montana and a controlled local first transformation are important to incentivize local, good quality and sustainable production. The growing of seedlings “in loco” could be of great interest both for farmers and for natural conservation purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 3-Methylbutanoic Acid Methyl Ester as a Factor Influencing Flavor Cleanness in Arabica Specialty Coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5413
Author(s):  
Keiko Iwasa ◽  
Harumichi Seta ◽  
Yoshihide Matsuo ◽  
Koichi Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Specialty Coffee

This paper reports on the chemical compounds in arabica coffee beans with a high Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cupping score, especially those in specialty coffee beans. We investigated the relationship between the chemical compounds and cupping scores by considering 16 types of Coffea arabica (arabica coffee) beans from Guatemala (SCA cupping score of 76.5–89.0 points). Non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometric profiling indicated that specialty beans with a high cupping score contained considerable amounts of methyl-esterified compounds (MECs), including 3-methylbutanoic acid methyl ester (3-MBM), and other fatty acid methyl esters. The effect of MECs on flavor quality was verified by spiking the coffee brew with 3-MBM, which was the top-ranked component, as obtained through a regression model associated with cupping scores. Notably, 3-MBM was responsible for the fresh-fruity aroma and cleanness of the coffee brew. Although cleanness is a significant factor for specialty beans, the identification of compounds that contribute to cleanness has not been reported in previous research. The chemometric profiling approach coupled with spiking test validation will improve the identification and characterization of 3-MBM commonly found in arabica specialty beans. Therefore, 3-MBM, either alone or together with MECs, can be used as a marker in coffee production.

scholarly journals Sandalwood, an Indian medicinal plant attenuates the microbial growth and influence up/down regulation of the metabolites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Parveen ◽  
Tooba Naz Shamsi ◽  
Sadaf Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Ester ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Antibacterial Assay

AbstractThe methanolic extract of sandalwood (SwME) was prepared by soxhlet apparatus and the antibacterial assay was performed. Further, the metabolite profiling of SwME and lysates of E. coli and E. coli grown in the presence of SwME was generated. SwME showed maximum inhibition against E. coli (MTCC 443) i.e. 82.71%, and minimal against B. subtilis (MTCC 736) i.e. 26.82%. The metabolome profiles of E. coli and SwME were generated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Comparative studies were done to understand to what extent metabolite modifications differ between SwME, E. coli lysate and the E. coli strain grown in presence of extract. Result revealed 23 peaks with major compounds present in E. coli were 9-Octadecenoic Acid (Z)-, Methyl Ester (26.85%), Hexadecanoic Acid, methyl ester (20.5%) and Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester (15.79%). When E. coli was grown in the presence of SwME, GC-MS analysis showed 25 peaks with major compounds such as 9-Octadecenoic Acid, Methyl Ester (21.97%), Hexadecanoic Acid, Methyl Ester (17.03%), and Hexadecanoic Acid, Trimethylsilyl Ester (14.96%). Correlating the metabolic profiles with the changes occurring is essential to progression their comprehension and in the development of new approaches to identify the metabolomics regulation in E. coli in response to SwME.

Solvent extraction and its effect on phytochemical yield and antioxidant capacity of woody medicinal plant, Polyalthia bullata

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9555-9568
Author(s):  
Munirah Adibah Kamarul Zaman ◽  
Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme ◽  
Siti Nurhafizah Ramli ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Polyalthia bullata is a woody medicinal plant that contains antioxidant compounds. Finding a suitable solvent is important to obtain a high yield of antioxidants in the phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid families. In this study, from different solvent extracts, the leaf methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total terpenoid content (TTC), and total antioxidant activity. For woody parts of stem and roots, methanol was the best solvent for all phytochemicals except for phenolics, which accumulated in the roots and were extracted more efficiently using ethanol. However, the methanolic extracts from both tissues displayed the best antioxidant capacity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling data showed the presence of antioxidant compounds such as thymol, phytol, and neophytadiene in the leaf; trans-farnesol, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-Octadecenamide in the stem; and fatty acid (cis-vaccenic) and its methyl ester (11-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and [1,1’-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2’-hexyl-methyl ester) in the roots. These findings reveal important compounds that are present in different plant parts of P. bullata.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Profiling Identifies Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Belonging to Clonal Complex 258

Separations ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Christiaan A. Rees ◽  
Marco Beccaria ◽  
Flavio A. Franchina ◽  
Jane E. Hill ◽  
Giorgia Purcaro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Acid Methyl

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is one of the most extensively antibiotic-resistant pathogens encountered in the clinical setting today. A few studies to-date suggest that CRKP and carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKP) differ from one another not only with respect to their underlying genetics, but also their transcriptomic and metabolomic fingerprints. Within this context, we characterize the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of these pathogens in vitro. Specifically, we evaluated the FAME profiles of six Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing isolates belonging to the CC258 lineage (KPC+/258+), six KPC-producing isolates belonging to non-CC258 lineages (KPC+/258−), and six non-KPC-producing isolates belonging to non-CC258 lineages (KPC−/258−). We utilized a single-step sample preparation method to simultaneously lyse bacterial cells and transesterify the lipid fraction, and identified 14 unique FAMEs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The machine learning algorithm Random Forest identified four FAMEs that were highly discriminatory between CC258 and non-CC258 isolates (9(Z)-octadecenoate, 2-phenylacetate, pentadecanoate, and hexadecanoate), of which three were also significantly different in relative abundance between these two groups. These findings suggest that distinct differences exist between CC258 and non-CC258 K. pneumoniae isolates with respect to the metabolism of both fatty acids and amino acids, a hypothesis that is supported by previously-acquired transcriptomic data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a New Cerium Oxide-Bismuth Oxide-Based Nanobiocomposite as a Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Anam Shahzadi ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Sadia Akram ◽  
Tooba Touqeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can be used together with other biofuels to help meet the growing energy needs of the rapidly increasing global population in an environmentally friendly way. In search for new and more efficient biodiesel production methods, this work reports on the synthesis and use of a novel biocatalyst that can function in a broader range of pH and temperature conditions, while producing high biodiesel yields from vegetable oils. Biodiesel was synthesized by transesterification of non-edible Eruca sativa oil using a lipase from Aspergillus niger that was immobilized on cerium oxide bismuth oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were first grafted with polydopamine which facilitated the subsequent anchoring of the enzyme on the nanoparticle support. The enzyme activity, pH and temperature stability, and reusability of the immobilized lipase were superior to those of the free enzyme. Following response surface methodology optimization, the highest biodiesel yield of 90.6% was attained using 5 wt% biocatalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 40 °C, pH of 7, and reaction time of 60 h. The produced biodiesel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and its fatty acid methyl ester composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Erucic acid methyl ester was identified as the major component in biodiesel, with 47.7 wt% of the total fatty acid methyl esters content. The novel nanobiocatalyst (Bi2O3·CeO2@[email protected]) has the potential to produce high biodiesel yields from a variety of vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) Seed Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Basheer Mohammed Abdullah ◽  
Mansour Abdulnabi Hadi Mehdi ◽  
Abdul Raoof Khan ◽  
Jiyaullakhan Maulakhan Pathan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi

The objectives of this research were to determine the chemical composition of the extract of Trachyspermum ammi L. seeds by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The GC-MS is a matchless method for the study and measuring quantity of organic volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Gas chromatography is employed to separates mixtures into individual components employing a temperature-controlled capillary column. Mass spectrometry is utilized to recognize a variety of components from their mass spectra. In the present study, volatile/ semi-volatile compounds present in Ajwain seed extract were analyzed. Ajwain seed extract is extracted by soxhlet extraction method and then analyzed by GC-MS. Total of nine compounds were found and quantified in this study. The major bioactive compounds in Ajwain seed extract are 3,5-dimethylanisole (83.19%), 6-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, 7-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.42%), and 2-cyclohexyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 4-oxime (3.01%).

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel over ZnO-TiO2 bifunctional oxide catalyst supported on natural zeolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
M Al Muttaqii ◽  
M Amin ◽  
E Prasetyo ◽  
R Alviany ◽  
L Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Oleic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Percent Area

Abstract In this paper, biodiesel is produced from palm oil and methanol via the transesterification process over the heterogeneous catalyst. The metal oxide ZnO-TiO2 was impregnated into natural zeolite over the dry impregnation method. The ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalyst was prepared over the dry impregnation method. The catalysts' characteristic was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The biodiesel was analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed a functional group of methyl ester (C=O, carbonyl group) at 1744.51 cm-1. The components of methyl ester such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17), cis-9-heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C18), oleic acid methyl ester (C19), are present in the biodiesel with the percent area of 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.63%, 7.06%, 16.3%, respectively, over ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalyst with a metal ratio of 1:1. This catalyst was successful in the transesterification of palm oil to produce biodiesel.

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