scholarly journals Quantification of PV Power and Economic Losses Due to Soiling in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3364
Author(s):  
Amr Zeedan ◽  
Abdulaziz Barakeh ◽  
Khaled Al-Fakhroo ◽  
Farid Touati ◽  
Antonio S. P. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Dust Density

Soiling losses of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to dust lead to a significant decrease in solar energy yield and result in economic losses; this hence poses critical challenges to the viability of PV in smart grid systems. In this paper, these losses are quantified under Qatar’s harsh environment. This quantification is based on experimental data from long-term measurements of various climatic parameters and the output power of PV panels located in Qatar University’s Solar facility in Doha, Qatar, using a customized measurement and monitoring setup. A data processing algorithm was deliberately developed and applied, which aimed to correlate output power to ambient dust density in the vicinity of PV panels. It was found that, without cleaning, soiling reduced the output power by 43% after six months of exposure to an average ambient dust density of 0.7 mg/m3. The power and economic loss that would result from this power reduction for Qatar’s ongoing solar PV projects has also been estimated. For example, for the Al-Kharasaah project power plant, similar soiling loss would result in about a 10% power decrease after six months for typical ranges of dust density in Qatar’s environment; this, in turn, would result in an 11,000 QAR/h financial loss. This would pose a pressing need to mitigate soiling effects in PV power plants.

scholarly journals A Combined Approach for Model-Based PV Power Plant Failure Detection and Diagnostic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Christopher Gradwohl ◽  
Vesna Dimitrievska ◽  
Federico Pittino ◽  
Wolfgang Muehleisen ◽  
András Montvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Model Based

Photovoltaic (PV) technology allows large-scale investments in a renewable power-generating system at a competitive levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and with a low environmental impact. Large-scale PV installations operate in a highly competitive market environment where even small performance losses have a high impact on profit margins. Therefore, operation at maximum performance is the key for long-term profitability. This can be achieved by advanced performance monitoring and instant or gradual failure detection methodologies. We present in this paper a combined approach on model-based fault detection by means of physical and statistical models and failure diagnosis based on physics of failure. Both approaches contribute to optimized PV plant operation and maintenance based on typically available supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The failure detection and diagnosis capabilities were demonstrated in a case study based on six years of SCADA data from a PV plant in Slovenia. In this case study, underperforming values of the inverters of the PV plant were reliably detected and possible root causes were identified. Our work has led us to conclude that the combined approach can contribute to an efficient and long-term operation of photovoltaic power plants with a maximum energy yield and can be applied to the monitoring of photovoltaic plants.

7. Special duty problems: economic loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-216
Author(s):  
Kirsty Horsey ◽  
Erika Rackley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Exclusionary Rule ◽  
Pure Economic Loss ◽  
District Council ◽  
Secondary Consequence ◽  
Special Duty

This chapter explains when and how the courts have found that a duty of care should be owed by defendants for purely economic loss. This differs from ‘consequential’ economic loss, where financial loss is suffered as a secondary consequence of another harm, such as personal injury or property damage. The tort of negligence distinguishes between these, using duty of care as a device to control whether and when claimants will be able to recover their pure economic losses. The discussions cover the meaning of ‘pure’ economic loss; exceptions to the exclusionary rule; claims for pure economic loss in negligence before Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1990]; and extended applications of the principles established in Hedley Byrne v Heller [1963].

Prediction of Power Plant Exposure to Economic Losses Through a Property Risk Assessment Methodology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Orme ◽  
M. Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Probable Maximum Loss

In this paper, a procedure for Risk Assessment, which makes use of two risk indices (PML - Probable Maximum Loss and MFL - Maximum Foreseeable Loss) is applied to power plants to evaluate potential economic losses due to risk exposure for two different loss scenarios (probable and worst-case). The paper is mainly focused on Property Insurance aspects, though Boiler and Machinery Insurance and business interruption are also addressed. First, the procedure is applied to provide a prediction of probable and maximum loss as a function of power output. The results allow an estimate of whether the adoption of risk assessment procedures and devices allows an actual payback for plant owners. Second, the economic loss predicted through the risk assessment procedure is compared against real power plant loss values, taken from published data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Airblast Loads on Structures in Complex Configurations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vaughan ◽  
Howard Levine ◽  
Paul Hassig ◽  
Robert Smilowitz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
Area Of Interest

A common terrorist threat worldwide is the use of large vehicle bombs to attack high value targets. Detonation of large yield devices can cause significant damage to nearby buildings, facilities and infrastructure with potentially high loss of life and large economic losses. Blast pressures can have major consequences on critical facilities such as nuclear power plants, causing economic loss, environmental damage and system failure. Closely spaced structures in a dense configuration provide a complicated setting for evaluating airblast pressures caused by explosive devices. The presence of multiple buildings can channel the airblast, resulting in significant effects on load magnitudes at range from the detonation. Buildings reflect propagating blast waves causing increased loading at some locations and reduced loads elsewhere due to shielding from direct blast waves. The complex interaction between structures, streets, alleys and geographical terrain can have a major impact on structural loads. Currently, the most common way to estimate airblast pressures resulting from above ground explosive detonations is to use fast running, approximate blast tools such as CONWEP. These simplified tools may not provide accurate guidance on airblast pressures in complex environments. The following paper illustrates the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations of complex building configurations to quantify the resulting blast environment. Comparisons with simplified methods are presented. An approach to using a database of CFD simulations, customized for a specific site, to provide a fast running blast assessment tool is described. This approach provides a convenient, fast running tool for designers and security planners to visualize and accurately quantify the hazard from any threat size and location within the area of interest.

Modelling and Simulation of Solar PV Array Field Incorporated with Solar Irradiance and Temperature Variation to Estimate Output Power of Solar PV Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Vishwesh Kamble ◽  
Milind Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Photovoltaic systems are designed to feed either to grid or direct consumption. Due to global concerns, significant growth is being observed in Grid connected solar PV Plants. Since the PV module generates DC power, inverter is needed to interface it with grid. The power generated by a solar PV module depends on surrounding such as irradiance and temperature. This paper presents modelling of solar PV arrays connected to grid-connected plant incorporated with irradiance and temperature variation, to design simulator to study and analyse effect on output power of solar PV arrays with irradiance and temperature variation, also to estimate the output power generated by PV arrays. The mathematical model is designed implemented separately on simulator for each PV components connected in PV systems, which are PV cell, Module, sting, array and field of arrays. The results from simulation based on model are verified by the data collected from power plants and experiments done on solar PV cell.

scholarly journals Impacts of Cloud Cover and Dust on the Performance of Photovoltaic Module in Niamey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulatif Bonkaney ◽  
Saïdou Madougou ◽  
Rabani Adamou
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Dust Accumulation

The sensitivity of monocrystalline solar module towards dust accumulation and cloud cover is investigated from May to August 2015 for Niamey’s environment. Two solar modules with the same characteristics have been used to assess the impacts of the dust on the solar PV module. One of the modules is being cleaned every morning and the second one was used for monitoring the effect of dust accumulation onto the surface of the unclean module for May and June. Results show that dust accumulation has a great effect on decreasing the daily energy yield of the unclean module. But this effect is a long-term effect. For the cloud cover, the effect is immediate. It was estimated that exposing the module into the environment in 23 days in June 2015 has reduced the daily energy yield by 15.29%. This limitation makes solar PV an unreliable source of power for remote devices and thus strongly suggests the challenges of cleaning the module’s surface regularly.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and economic loss of coenurosis in small Ruminants slaughtered at mojo halal export abattoir, Oromia reginal state, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Diba Sagni ◽  
Garoma Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Coenurosis is an important parasitic disease affecting small ruminant’s production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2019 to May, 2020. To estimating the prevalence of coenurosis in small ruminants and determines the risk factors, to assess the community knowledge on the epidemiology of coenurosis and estimate the financial loss due to brain condemnation. A total 674 small ruminants were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of coenurosis and potential risk factors. From the total 512 goat and 162 sheep examined for coenurosis 6.02% and 8.6% were found positive respectively. There was significance difference between the risk factors and coenurosis infection. More coenurosis infected small ruminants were found in highland 9.7% (Odd ratio= 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.14, 4.64; P=0.017) than midland and lowland. There was high prevalence of coenurois in adult than young age of small ruminants. From 45 positive cysts were examined to identify fertility and viability by using cyst viability and fertility procedure, 17.8% calcified, 68.9% sterile and 13.3 % fertile. The diameter of positive cysts showed 46.7%, 42.3%, 11% small, medium and large respectively. From 100 respondents’ 86% of respondents has agreed on the sign of coenurosis, 14% has not agreed. The annual financial losses due to brain condemnation were estimated at 124,821 dollar.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of fixed and single axis tracker photovoltaic system in large scale solar power plants in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Baraa Mahmoud Dawoud ◽  
Siow Chun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Comparative Performance

<span>Malaysia is rapidly expanding the generation capacity of solar power through large scale solar (LSS) projects with the aim to achieve 20% renewable energy mix by 2025. This has motivated many solar industry players to explore the usage of solar PV with single axis tracker (SAT) system. However, many are still hesitant due to the lack of understanding on the comparative performance between fixed mounted solar PV with solar PV with SAT system. This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis on the performance of both systems. Simulation using PVSyst 6.83 was performed in five potential LSS sites spread across Peninsular Malaysia in Perlis, Kelantan, Pahang, Selangor and Johor with the same installed capacity of 10.32MWp. The energy yield and capacity factor for 21 years were simulated. On the average, it was found that SAT outperforms fixed mounted solar PV system by 15.08% based on their performance on their first year operation. </span>

7. Special duty problems: economic loss

Tort Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 186-214
Author(s):  
Kirsty Horsey ◽  
Erika Rackley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Exclusionary Rule ◽  
Pure Economic Loss ◽  
District Council ◽  
Secondary Consequence ◽  
Special Duty

This chapter explains when and how the courts have found that a duty of care should be owed by defendants for purely economic loss. This differs from ‘consequential’ economic loss, where financial loss is suffered as a secondary consequence of another harm, such as personal injury or property damage. The tort of negligence distinguishes between these, using duty of care as a device to control whether and when claimants will be able to recover their pure economic losses. The discussions cover the meaning of ‘pure’ economic loss; exceptions to the exclusionary rule; claims for pure economic loss in negligence before Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1990]; and extended applications of the principles established in Hedley Byrne v Heller [1963].

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE REHABILITATION CENTER FOR CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
I. G. Samoylova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Children’S Rehabilitation

Introduction. Infectious diseases make a significant contribution to the recurrence and disability, and therefore cause economic damage to the country, which is an indisputable argument in favor of the creation of a system of rehabilitation of children with infectious diseases.The objective of the study was the economic justification of the need to organize a multidisciplinary children’s rehabilitation center, including after infectious diseases. Material and methods. Based on the long-term experience of the only center in the Russian Federation for the treatment of children’s infections and the data of the statistical service we calculated the economic effect obtained as a result of reducing the recurrence of infectious diseases and disability caused by them among the child population.Results. The study found that the annual economic losses associated with the treatment of relapses of infectious diseases among children would be 4.344 billion rubles and 39.713 billion rubles due to the payment of disability benefits. The economic loss associated with the reduction of days of incapacity of parents obliged to care for children who need care due to infectious diseases is 2.791 billion rubles. In addition, the indirect economic loss caused by the under-produced products and the GDP decline due to the disability of such children already in working age is 30.102 billion rubles.Conclusion. We proved the significant economic effect that would be received at the opening of the rehabilitation center for children. The economic effect is caused by the reduction of both direct and indirect economic losses. 

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