scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3350
Author(s):  
Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah ◽  
Razali Thaib ◽  
Arridina Susan Silitonga ◽  
Jassinnee Milano ◽  
Abd. Halim Shamsuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Astm D6751

The limitation of fossil fuel sources and negative environmental impact persuade scientists around the world to find a solution. One possible solution is by using renewable fuel to replace fossil fuel with an inexpensive, fast, and effective production process. The objective of this study is to investigate the biodiesel production from crude Reutealis trisperma oil using the conventional and the ultrasonic bath stirrer method through the esterification and transesterification process. The result shows that the most effective reaction time with an optimum condition for the esterification and transesterification of Reutealis trisperma oil is at 2 h 30 min by using the ultrasonic bath stirrer method. The optimum conditions at a temperature of 55 °C for the esterification and at 60 °C for transesterification with 2% (v/v) of sulphuric acid with catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt.% were a methanol-to-oil ratio of 60%, and agitation speed of 1000 rpm. This optimum condition gives the highest yield of 95.29% for the Reutealis trisperma biodiesel. The results showed that the ultrasonic bath stirrer method had more effect on the reaction time needed than using the conventional method and reduced half of the conventional method reaction time. Finally, the properties of Reutealis trisperma biodiesel fulfilled the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards with density, 892 kg/m3; pour point, −2 °C; cloud point, −1 °C; flash point, 206.5 °C; calorific value, 40.098 MJ/kg; and acid value, 0.26 mg KOH/g.

HETEROGENEOUS TRANSESTERIFICATION OF RUBBER SEED OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahanum Mohd Zamberi ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Mohd Fadzli Abdollah
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Very High

An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the effects of using waste cockle shells as a heterogeneous catalyst on the transesterification process of very high free fatty acid (FFA) rubber seeds oil with methanol. The waste cockle was calcined at 900oC for 4 hours and was employed as a source of calcium oxide (CaO). SEM, XRD and XRF were adopted to analyze the catalyst characterization. The process variables namely oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) method. The optimum yield of 88.06% was obtained for the final product of biodiesel with optimal conditions was obtained as: molar ratio of methanol to oil of around 15.57:1, 9 % catalyst weight percentage with 2.81 hours reaction time. All the fuel properties were analyzed according to the ASTM D6751 and EN-14214 standards in terms of viscosity, acid value, density and flash point.

scholarly journals Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Neem Seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Biodiesel Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Bakari Hamadou ◽  
Djomdi ◽  
Ruben Zieba Falama ◽  
Cedric Delattre ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
The City

The aim of this work is to study the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of neem seeds, according to their mass and oil content, on the production of biodiesel. After the physical characterization of the seeds and extraction of the oil (triglycerides), biodiesel was produced from crude neem seed oil by transesterification with ethanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This study shows that the physicochemical characteristics of these seeds vary according to the origin of the samples. The seeds from Zidim, with a mass average of 200 seeds evaluated at 141.36 g and an almond content of 40.70%, have better characteristics compared to those collected in the city of Maroua, with average values evaluated at 128.00 g and 36.05%, respectively. Almonds have an average lipid content of 53.98 and 56.75% for the Maroua and Zidim samples, respectively. This study also reveals that neem oil, by its physicochemical characteristics, has a satisfactory quality for a valorization in the production of biodiesel. However, its relatively high free fatty acid content is a major drawback, which leads to a low yield of biodiesel, evaluated on average at 89.02%, and requires a desacidification operation to improve this yield. The analysis of biodiesel indicates physicochemical characteristics close and comparable to those of petrodiesel, particularly in terms of calorific value, density, kinematic viscosity, acid value, evaluated at 41.00 MJ/kg, 0.803, 4.42 cSt, and 0.130 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Process Variables on the Transesterification Process of Palm Oil Sludge to Biodiesel

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
O. A. Aworanti ◽  
A. O. Ajani ◽  
S. E. Agarry ◽  
K. A. Babatunde ◽  
O. D. Akinwunmi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Variables

In this research work, the optimum process variables (catalyst, methanol to oil ratio and reaction time) for transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) to biodiesel were studied. The transesterification process was carried by mixture of palm oil sludge, methanol and catalyst with the help of magnetic stirrer at 300 rpm and at temperature of 60ºC. The catalyst used for the process was potassium hydroxide (KOH). One-Factor-at-A-Time was used to select the possible optimum levels of process variable that gives high biodiesel yield. The study was evaluated by five levels  of methanol-to-oil ratio (1:1 – 12:1), catalyst (0.1- 2%) and reaction time (30 – 150 min).The optimum process variables for transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) to achieved maximum biodiesel yield  were found to be methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 1.5wt% and reaction time of 30 min. At this optimum conditions the maximum biodiesel yield was 61.2%. The biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil sludge was characterized in order to determine the properties of the product. The density of POS is 857.0 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 5.38 mm2/s, flash point of 180°C, pour point of -5°C, and Acid value of 0.17 mgKOH/g. The biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil sludge meets the EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. Thus, this study will be helpful to determine an efficient and economical procedure for biodiesel production from non-edible raw materials with high free fatty acid.

scholarly journals Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced from ogbono (Irvingia gabonesis) seed oil

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216
Author(s):  
Iklima Ibrahim Bandi ◽  
Shamsuddeen Yahaya ◽  
Hafsatu Buhari Bature ◽  
Musa Usman Dabai ◽  
Samira Shehu Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Significant Attention

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel and has gained significant attention due to the predicted depletion of conventional fossil fuels and environmental concerns. This study aims to produce biodiesel from ogbono seed oil (using 98 ml methanol and 2g potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst) via transesterification process and to determine the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced. The physiochemical properties of the feedstock (extracted ogbono seed oil) were also determined before the transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel showed that it has a density of 0.5±0.00 g/cm3, pour point of 2.0±0, saponification value of 58.90±0.06 mg KOH/g, ester value of 98.0±0.5% (m/m), iodine value of 26.64±0.15gI2/100g, acid value of 0.28±0.05 mgKOH/g, moisture value of 0.0006 ±0.0% and trace amounts of ash content. The results of the physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel agree with ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214 standard. Thus, it was concluded that ogbono seed oil is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production via base catalyzed transesterification process

scholarly journals Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 756-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Niju ◽  
Fernando Russell Raj ◽  
C. Anushya ◽  
M. Balajii
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst

Abstract Moringa oleifera oil (MOO), a second-generation lipid feedstock that has been reckoned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years. In the current study, crude MOO possessing high acid value (80.5 mg of KOH/g) was subjected to two step esterification and transesterification process for biodiesel production and the process was applied with central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that H2SO4 concentration of 0.85 vol%, reaction time of 70.20 min, and methanol to oil ratio of 1:1 (vol/vol) significantly decreased the acid value to 3.10 mg of KOH/g of oil. Moreover, copper oxide-calcium oxide (CuO-CaO) nanoparticles were developed and evaluated as a novel heterogeneous base catalyst for synthesizing Moringa oleifera methyl esters (MOME). The synthesized catalyst was scrutinized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. Copper oxide (CuO) was perceived to be the dominant phase in the synthesized catalyst. Highest MOME conversion of 95.24% was achieved using 4 wt% CuO-CaO loading, 0.3:1 (vol/vol) methanol to oil ratio and 150 min reaction time as the optimal process conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization and blends study of heterogeneous acid catalyst-assisted esterification of palm oil industry by-product for biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191592
Author(s):  
Shehu-Ibrahim Akinfalabi ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Imededdine Arbi Nehdi ◽  
Thomas Shean Yaw Choong ◽  
Hassen Mohamed Sbihi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

The optimum conditions to produce palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)-derived-methyl esters via esterification have been demonstrated with the aid of the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite rotatable design in the presence of heterogeneous acid catalyst. The effect of four reaction variables, reaction time (30–110 min), reaction temperature (30–70°C), catalyst concentration (1–3 wt.%) and methanol : PFAD molar ratio (3 : 1–11 : 1), were investigated. The reaction time had the most influence on the yield response, while the interaction between the reaction time and the catalyst concentration, with an F -value of 95.61, contributed the most to the esterification reaction. The model had an R 2 -value of 0.9855, suggesting a fit model, which gave a maximum yield of 95%. The fuel properties of produced PFAD methyl ester were appraised based on the acid value, iodine value, cloud and pour points, flash point, kinematic viscosity, density, ash and water contents and were compared with biodiesel EN 14214 and ASTM D-6751 standard limits. The PFAD methyl ester was further blended with petro-diesel from B0, B3, B5, B10, B20 and B100, on a volumetric basis. The blends were characterized by TGA, DTG and FTIR. With an acid value of 0.42 (mg KOH g −1 ), iodine value of 63 (g.I 2 /100 g), kinematic viscosity of 4.31 (mm 2 s −1 ), the PFAD methyl ester has shown good fuel potential, as all of its fuel properties were within the permissible international standards for biodiesel.

scholarly journals Comparative analyses of biodiesel produced from neem and jatropha seed oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
I.S. Ibrahim ◽  
I.T. Abdullahi ◽  
F.Y. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Jatropha Seed ◽  
Astm D6751

Biodiesel is derived from triglycerides by transesterification reaction with alcohol (ethanol or methanol), and has classified as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. Several methods for biodiesel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl esters in short reaction times. This study was conducted to extract the neem and Jatropha oil for the production of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed reaction The samples were subjected to reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.2:1 w/v methanol (MeOH) to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature of 6°C, and 30 min reaction time. The final biodiesel yield obtained was 47.5% and 45.5% from the neem and the jaropha oil sample respectively. The basic physicochemical properties of the jatropha methyl ester produced from both jatropha oil samples were found to be within the ASTM D6751 specified limits.

Esterification Deacidification of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Seed Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1615-1618
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xuan Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
One Step ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Zanthoxylum Bungeanum ◽  
Acid Esterification

Effects of mole rate of methanol/oil, reaction time and technology on the free fatty acid ( FFA) level decrease of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil with sulfuric acid as catalyst was investigated. Results show that, the acid level decreases with the mole rate of methanol/oil increases when the sulfuric acid is 2% based on the weight of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil and reacting at 60°C for 2h. When the mole rate is 20~35∶1, the final acid value is less than 2mgKOH/g which meets the requirement for biodiesel production. When the mole rate is 25∶1, with sulfuric acid dosage 2% and reacting at 60°C, the acid value decreases fast at the beginning of the acid esterification. The acid value of ZSO was reduced to 1.56 mg KOH/g from 78.91 mg KOH/g by only one-step acid-catalyzed esterification with methanol-to-oil molar ratio 30:1, H2SO4 2%, temperature 60°C and reaction time 60 min, which was selected as optimum for the acid-catalyzed esterification.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Peir-Horng Liao ◽  
Nguyen Vu Lan ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

Production of biodiesel from chicken wastes by various alcohol-catalyst combinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Lin ◽  
Shuo-Wen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Short Reaction Time

An environmentally friendly biorefinery process for producing biodiesel from chicken wastes was performed for this study. Low acid value (0.13±0.01 mg KOH/g) chicken oil was obtained by preparing chicken wastes with moderate heating and filtration processes that minimized damage to the lipids and thus facilitated subsequent reactions. Methanol-lipids in a molar ratio of 6:1 and a methanol-ethanol-lipids mixture in a molar ratio of 3:3:1 were both reacted with 1% KOH catalyst for transesterfication. Furthermore, ethanol-lipids in a molar ration of 6:1 were analogously transesterified with 1% sodium ethoxide. The amounts of biodiesel were 771.54 mg/mL±15.28, 722.98 mg/mL±37.38, and 714.86 mg/ mL±29.99 from methanol, eth-anol, and a mixture of methanol/ethanol (3:3), respectively, after transesterification. The total amount of ethyl ester was comparable with the total amount of methyl ester. In addition, ethanol is a renewable resource and a biorefinery concept can be contributed for biodiesel production. Further-more, transesterification of chicken oil with a mixture of methanol/ethanol (3:3) only needed a relatively short reaction time of an hour. Densities, viscosities, sulphur contents, acid values, and flash points of all esters were within the specifications of CNS 15072 and EN 14214. The transesterification system for chicken oil in ethanol and mixed methanol/ethanol (3:3) demonstrated in this study is a potential candidate for biodiesel production.

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