scholarly journals Abiotic Stress Tolerance-Progress and Pathways of Sustainable Rice Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Manzoor H. Dar ◽  
Dilruba A. Bano ◽  
Showkat A. Waza ◽  
Najam W. Zaidi ◽  
Asma Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Private And Public

Rice is globally a major food crop and its production has progressively been affected by various types of abiotic stresses especially drought, flooding, salinity, heat and cold in most of the cultivable rice ecosystems. The incidence, intensity and duration of these stresses are anticipated to aggravate due to climate change consequences, demanding resilient yields in these situations to be essential. Present paper deals with reviewing various types of abiotic stresses and their mitigation strategies for enhancing and stabilizing rice production in stress prone areas. Review of available literature pertaining to the study area has been used as research methodology for this paper. The available literature suggests that stress-tolerant varieties can serve as the most viable strategy to contribute in coping with the problem of abiotic stresses. Although, good progress has been made in the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties (STRVs) and incessant efforts are being made to spread these varieties in target areas, adoption by farmers is yet to meet expectations. Advantage, affordability, awareness and availability are the main factors responsible for adopting of any technology. The adoption of stress-tolerant varieties has not reached its potential, predominantly due to the lack of awareness and non-availability of seeds amongst farmers. Strategic and intentional collaborations should be ensured for scaling the sustainable delivery and diffusion of STRVs. A promotional roadmap that ensures the linkages between private and public seed sectors remains the key factor for its successful adoption. Similarly, strengthening of formal, informal and semi-formal seed systems is crucial to accelerate the dissemination of these varieties. There is an imperative need to create strategic plans for the development of varieties possessing multiple stress tolerance. Significant investments for sustainability of rice production in stress prone areas form the essential component of long-term agricultural development. The sooner these investments and strategies are accomplished, the greater the gains are expected.

scholarly journals Molecualr Characterization And Varietal Identification For Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance In Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Ali ◽  
Beena R. ◽  
Chennamsetti Lakshmi Naga Manikanta
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Abstract Coexistence of two or more abiotic stresses is common in most of the rainfed lowland and upland rice growing areas of India and worldwide. Rice production under these conditions is not sustainable. Identification and development of multiple abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties are to be addressed. Here we tried to identify multiple abiotic stress tolerant varieties from a collection of earlier identified varieties for single stress and validated the known SSR markers for stress tolerance. Twenty rice genotypes were evaluated for individual abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and temperature initially and the tolerant three genotypes in each case were further evaluated for combination of stresses various physio-morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded . Among the genotypes evaluated for combination of stresses, PTB-7 was found to be tolerant for drought and salinity, Nagina-22 was tolerant against temperature and salinity. However, the seeds did not germinate in the presence of all three stresses simultaneously.. Twenty rice varieties viz ., Chomala, MO-16, PTB-35, PTB-60, PTB-39, PTB-55, PTB-30, PTB-7, CRdhan307, Apo, Vyttila-3, Vyttila-4, Vyttila-5, Vyttila-6, Vyttila-7, Vyttila-8, Vyttila-9, Vyttila-10, Nagina-22, and NL-44 were further investigated using microsatellite markers to confirm the genotypic level of tolerance to combination of abiotic stresses. Rice genotypes were screened using 30 reported simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are linked to drought, salinity and temperature. Molecular marker analysis of rice genotypes also confirmed that RM8904 and RM1287 were associated with salinity tolerance, RM2612, RM6100 and RM5749 were linked to high temperature tolerant trait. Population analysis also revealed that there is five subpopulation among rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Sidra Habib ◽  
Yee Yee Lwin ◽  
Ning Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

scholarly journals Advances in Developing Multigene Abiotic and Biotic Stress-Tolerant Rice Varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Shailesh Yadav ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Multiple Stresses ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Global Food

Increasing incidences of multiple abiotic stresses together with increasing population are the major constraints to attain the global food security. Rice, the major staple food crop is very much prone to various abiotic and biotic stresses, which can occur one at a time or two or more together in a single crop growing season and adversely affects the rice production and productivity. The devastating effect of multiple stresses on rice crop is much more erratic and complex leading to higher losses in the crop grain yield. The concurrent occurrence of multiple streeses can destroy rice production in many of the rainfed areas of South and Southeast-Asia. Genomics-assisted breeding strategies have been instrumental in introgression of various major effect QTLs/genes into rice mega varieties and have proven successful in achieving the desired level of tolerance/resistance to various abiotic stresses in diffferent crop species. Keeping the present scenario of changing climate in mind, the chapter discusses the recent past success in combining tolerance to two or more abiotic stresses in mega rice varieties applying genomics-assisted breeding and development of high-yielding climate resilient rice through stacking of multiple genes/QTLs, which can withstand in a cascade of multiple stresses occurring regularly in rainfed environments.

scholarly journals Utilization of Molecular Markers for Rice Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tasliah Tasliah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Rice production in 2050 must increase by at least 50% to keep up with the population growth. Efforts to increase rice production continue using various strategies. Breeders apply multiple approaches including application of molecular markers in developing varieties better than the previous ones. Since the discovery of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in 1980s and the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, many types of molecular markers have been developed and applied to various crops including rice. Various molecular approaches to map genetic loci associated with rice superior traits were conducted. The mapped loci are very useful for rice breeding purposes. This paper reports the results of mapping and breeding economically important traits in rice, mainly those related to abiotic stresses, agronomic traits, yield, and yield quality. These included characters of semidwarf stature, aromatic grain, high yield potential, eating quality, higher Zn and Fe grain, more tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, phosphate deficiency, Al toxicity and Fe toxicity, submergence, as well as early maturity character. The mapped characters can be transferred using marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) method into cultivated rice genotypes well-adopted by farmers. Several countries including Indonesia have benefited from this breeding method, and Indonesia have released several rice varieties developed through MABC. These include rice varieties such as Code, Angke, Inpari 30, Inpari Blas, Inpari HDB, Bio Patenggang Agritan, and Bioni 63 Ciherang Agritan

CRISPR-mediated genome editing in maize for improved abiotic stress tolerance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-420
Author(s):  
Ali Razzaq ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Faiz Ahmad Joyia
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Maize Genome ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Genome Manipulation

Abstract This chapter discusses the applications of CRISPR-mediated genome editing to improve the abiotic stress tolerance (such as drought, heat, waterlogging and cold tolerance) of maize. CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for maize genome manipulation at desired sites. By using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, numerous genes can be targeted to produce elite maize cultivars that minimize the challenges of abiotic stresses. In the future, more precise and accurate variants of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox are expected to be used for maize yield improvement.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins: Dynamic Biomolecules to Counter Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5321 ◽  
Author(s):  
ul Haq ◽  
Khan ◽  
Ali ◽  
Khattak ◽  
Gai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Shock Proteins

Due to the present scenario of climate change, plants have to evolve strategies to survive and perform under a plethora of biotic and abiotic stresses, which restrict plant productivity. Maintenance of plant protein functional conformation and preventing non-native proteins from aggregation, which leads to metabolic disruption, are of prime importance. Plant heat shock proteins (HSPs), as chaperones, play a pivotal role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, HSP also enhances membrane stability and detoxifies the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by positively regulating the antioxidant enzymes system. Additionally, it uses ROS as a signal to molecules to induce HSP production. HSP also enhances plant immunity by the accumulation and stability of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins under various biotic stresses. Thus, to unravel the entire plant defense system, the role of HSPs are discussed with a special focus on plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which will be helpful in the development of stress tolerance in plant crops.

scholarly journals Genome wide identification of NAC transcription factors and their role in abiotic stress tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf Owdah Alshareef ◽  
Elodie Rey ◽  
Holly Khoury ◽  
Mark Tester ◽  
Sandra M. Schmöckel
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractChenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) is a pseudocereal with high nutritional value and relatively high tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including water deficiency and salt stress, making it a suitable plant for the study of mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance. NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) transcription factors are involved in a range of plant developmental processes and in the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we perform a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of the NAC transcription factor gene family in quinoa. In total, we identified 107 quinoa NAC transcription factor genes, distributed equally between sub-genomes A and B. They are phylogenetically clustered into two major groups and 18 subgroups. Almost 75% of the identified CqNAC genes were duplicated two to seven times and the remaining 25% of the CqNAC genes were found as a single copy. We analysed the transcriptional responses of the identified quinoa NAC TF genes in response to various abiotic stresses. The transcriptomic data revealed 28 stress responsive CqNAC genes, where their expression significantly changed in response to one or more abiotic stresses, including salt, water deficiency, heat and phosphate starvation. Among these stress responsive NACs, some were previously known to be stress responsive in other species, indicating their potentially conserved function in response to abiotic stress across plant species. Six genes were differentially expressed specifically in response to phosphate starvation but not to other stresses, and these genes may play a role in controlling plant responses to phosphate deficiency. These results provide insights into quinoa NACs that could be used in the future for genetic engineering or molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Mining Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) Expression Profiles to Understand Iron Stress Tolerant Responses in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11032
Author(s):  
Jamie A. O’Rourke ◽  
Michael J. Morrisey ◽  
Ryan Merry ◽  
Mary Jane Espina ◽  
Aaron J. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing

The soybean (Glycine max L. merr) genotype Fiskeby III is highly resistant to a multitude of abiotic stresses, including iron deficiency, incurring only mild yield loss during stress conditions. Conversely, Mandarin (Ottawa) is highly susceptible to disease and suffers severe phenotypic damage and yield loss when exposed to abiotic stresses such as iron deficiency, a major challenge to soybean production in the northern Midwestern United States. Using RNA-seq, we characterize the transcriptional response to iron deficiency in both Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) to better understand abiotic stress tolerance. Previous work by our group identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 5 associated with Fiskeby III iron efficiency, indicating Fiskeby III utilizes iron deficiency stress mechanisms not previously characterized in soybean. We targeted 10 of the potential candidate genes in the Williams 82 genome sequence associated with the QTL using virus-induced gene silencing. Coupling virus-induced gene silencing with RNA-seq, we identified a single high priority candidate gene with a significant impact on iron deficiency response pathways. Characterization of the Fiskeby III responses to iron stress and the genes underlying the chromosome 5 QTL provides novel targets for improved abiotic stress tolerance in soybean.

scholarly journals The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Deok Hyun Seo ◽  
Hoyoon Shin ◽  
Hui Jin Kim ◽  
Chul Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Tolerance

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.

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