scholarly journals Economic Viability of Extracting High Value Metals from End of Life Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Mona Arnold ◽  
Elina Pohjalainen ◽  
Sören Steger ◽  
Wolfgang Kaerger ◽  
Jan-Henk Welink
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Metal Recycling

Electronics containing growing quantities of high value and critical metals are increasingly used in automobiles. The conventional treatment practice for end-of-life vehicles (ELV) is shredding after de-pollution and partial separation of spare parts. Despite opportunities for resource recovery, the selective separation of components containing relevant amounts of critical metals for the purpose of material recycling is not commonly implemented. This article is aimed to contribute to recycling strategies for future critical metal quantities and the role of extended material recovery from ELVs. The study examines the economic feasibility of dismantling electronic components from ELVs for high value metal recycling. The results illustrate the effects of factors as dismantling time, labour costs and logistics on the economic potential of resource recovery from ELVs. Manual dismantling is profitable for only a few components at the higher labour costs in western/northern parts of Europe and applicable material prices, including the inverter for hybrid vehicles, oxygen sensor, side assistant sensor, distance and near distance sensors. Depending on the vehicle model, labour costs and current material prices, manual dismantling can also be cost-efficient for also some other such as the heating blower, generator, starter, engine and transmission control, start/stop motor, drive control, infotainment and chassis control.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Recycling Waste Picker Sustainopreneurs for Prevention and Mitigation of Municipal Solid Waste in Swat

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6533
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Yousafzai ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
Chunlin Xin ◽  
Wisal Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Spare Parts ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Inductive Research ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Tax Holidays ◽  
Counterfeit Products

This study assessed the role of waste picker sustainopreneurs (WPS) by examining their recycling contributions in a special case of District Swat, Pakistan. Using a transformative worldview, this study acknowledges their contributions to recycling. The study envisages how entrepreneurial agency works in unanticipated ways where the poorest of the poor enterprise without resources demonstrate unexpected agency to improve the environment. An inductive research design in conjunction with grounded theory was used to analyze data from 37 interviews in three tehsils of District Swat. The recycling sector uses primitive measures, which are completely informal, self-organized, and self-controlled. Surprisingly, we discovered that informal recycling contributes unfavorably to waste, energy, and food (WEF) security due to intermixing and adulteration, as well as acts as a gray channel for illicit practices that have taken advantage of tax amnesty in the area until 2023. The uncontrolled welding of half cut and nose cut car parts has skyrocketed the motorization index and CO2 emissions; however, it has also resulted in alternative sources of livelihoods, as these accidental environmentalists had found modern sources of income. This is similar to low-tech innovation and business creation that takes advantage of tax holidays due to the special status of District Swat. The study highlights the most and least valuable recyclables and identifies the gray channel markets of spare parts, metal recycling, counterfeit products, fuel intermixing, and adulteration. The study contributes by untangling the understanding of a legal gambit of tax amnesty at a critical pre-policy input as well as advocates for rights of invisible stakeholders of waste management in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Rare Earth Elements and Other Critical Metals in Deep Seabed Mineral Deposits: Composition and Implications for Resource Potential

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Joon Pak ◽  
Inah Seo ◽  
Kyeong-Yong Lee ◽  
Kiseong Hyeong
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Rare Earth Oxide ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Deep Sea Sediment

The critical metal contents of four types of seabed mineral resources, including a deep-sea sediment deposit, are evaluated as potential rare earth element (REE) resources. The deep-sea resources have relatively low total rare earth oxide (TREO) contents, a narrow range of TREO grades (0.049–0.185%), and show characteristics that are consistent with those of land-based ion adsorption REE deposits. The relative REO distributions of the deep-seabed resources are also consistent with those of ion adsorption REE deposits on land. REEs that are not part of a crystal lattice of host minerals within deep-sea mineral deposits are favorable for mining, as there is no requirement for crushing and/or pulverizing during ore processing. Furthermore, low concentrations of Th and U reduce the risk of adverse environmental impacts. Despite the low TREO grades of the deep-seabed mineral deposits, a significant TREO yield from polymetallic nodules and REE-bearing deep-sea sediments from the Korean tenements has been estimated (1 Mt and 8 Mt, respectively). Compared with land-based REE deposits, deep-sea mineral deposits can be considered as low-grade mineral deposits with a large tonnage. The REEs and critical metals from deep-sea mineral deposits are important by-products and co-products of the main commodities (e.g., Co and Ni), and may increase the economic feasibility of their extraction.

scholarly journals An overview of solar photovoltaic panels’ end-of-life material recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahariar Chowdhury ◽  
Kazi Sajedur Rahman ◽  
Tanjia Chowdhury ◽  
Narissara Nuthammachot ◽  
Kuaanan Techato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Material Recycling

scholarly journals Dynamic buy-back for product recovery in end-of-life spare parts procurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Kleber ◽  
Tobias Schulz ◽  
Guido Voigt
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Buy Back

Reprocurement Considerations for an Existing Municipally Owned Refuse-to-Energy Plant: Pinellas County, Florida

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Resource Recovery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Project Schedule ◽  
Pinellas County ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Construction Operation

On May 7, 2007, the operating agreement for the Pinellas County mass-burn resource recovery facility will expire. This contract, originally negotiated in the late 1970’s is one of the first in the United States for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of a municipally owned refuse-to-energy facility, and thus is one of the first to expire. In late 2003, Pinellas County began the process to reprocure an operator for its resource recovery facility under the terms of a new long-term agreement. This paper discusses planning processes and reprocurement activities to date, including hiring a reprocurement consulting engineer; formation of the project team (Project Working Group and Project Oversight Committee); development of the project schedule; and, identification of the reprocurement approach (informal meetings with vendors, Request for Qualifications and Request for Proposals). The paper also addresses certain technical and contractual issues associated with contracting a 24-year old refuse-to-energy facility. Technical items considered are a modified approach to ash processing and metals recovery; whether or not to continue the WESPhix® ash treatment process; and the need for various capital improvements. Contractual matters include such items as ownership of spare parts; availability of operating documents and record drawings; transfer of proprietary licenses; and consideration of a transition agreement. Pinellas County’s reprocurement is being designed with the primary goal of developing a process that is fair, open and competitive; and one that provides a level playing field for all interested proposers. The paper draws comparisons between the reprocurement methods and processes considered, with conclusions about why the final reprocurement approach was selected.

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