scholarly journals A Comeback of Wind Power in Shipping: An Economic and Operational Review on the Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Todd Chou ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Michele Acciaro ◽  
Katharina Renken
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Promising Solution

Wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) technology seems to be a promising solution toward accelerating the shipping industry’s decarbonization efforts as it uses wind to replace part of the propulsive power generated from fossil fuels. This article discusses the status quo of the WASP technological growth within the maritime transport sector by means of a secondary data review analysis, presents the potential fuel-saving implications, and identifies key factors that shape the operational efficiency of the technology. The analysis reveals three key considerations. Firstly, despite the existing limited number of WASP installations, there is a promising trend of diffusion of the technology within the industry. Secondly, companies can achieve fuel savings, which vary depending on the technology installed. Thirdly, these bunker savings are influenced by environmental, on-board, and commercial factors, which presents both opportunities and challenges to decision makers.

scholarly journals European Green Deal and transport sector development – opportunities or restrictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Petya Koralova-Nozharova
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Multimodal Transportation ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Policies ◽  
The Eu

The study is focused on the possibilities and restrictions for the development of the transport sector of EU member-states with GDP per head significantly lower than the EU average levels, because of the introduction of the European Green Deal. For the purposes of the research, there are used the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical analysis. In the publication, it is examined also the status quo of the European transport system in accordance with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the European policies for the development of the transport sector till 2030 and 2050. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the transport modes on fossil fuels, as well as the level of digitalization of the transport sector, the obstacles for operation of sustainable multimodal transportation services and the danger of imperfect market structures emergence in the field of transport in the less developed regions in EU.

Status of Food Security in Banten Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weksi Budiaji
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vast Area

This paper discusses the status of food security in Banten Province, Indonesia based on regional and city characteristics. Secondary data is used and is analyzed descriptively covering population dynamics, the population living in poverty, cereal production, disaster risk and soil types. Tangerang Region is found to have the largest population with the greatest number of people living in poverty among the regions and cities in Banten Province. Cereal production is dominated by the regions rather than the cities due to their vast area. Regarding arable land, flooding is the most threatening disaster in the major rice producing areas. In order to identify the distributions of regions and cities regarding food security, three indicator variables of food security dimensions are plotted, namely, cereal normative consumption, proportion of the population living in poverty, and proportion of malnourished babies. The three regions of Pandeglang Region, Lebak Region and Serang Region are grouped together in a less secure group.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic and sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Wei ◽  
Lijing Li ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Pumping elephantThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the lives of people around the world in millions of ways . Due to this severe epidemic, all countries in the world have been affected by all aspects, mainly economic. It is widely discussed that the COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world economy. When considering this dimension, this study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, socio-economics, and sustainability. In addition, the research focuses on multiple aspects of social well-being during the pandemic, such as employment, poverty, the status of women, food security, and global trade. To this end, the study used time series and cross-sectional analysis of the data. The second-hand data used in this study comes from the websites of major international organizations. From the analysis of secondary data, the conclusion of this article is that the impact of the pandemic is huge. The main finding of the thesis is that the social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.

scholarly journals Implementation of Accelerated Policy-Driven Sustainability Transitions: Case of Bharat Stage 4 to 6 Leapfrogs in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Aditi Khodke ◽  
Atsushi Watabe ◽  
Nigel Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Sustainability Transitions ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Incumbent Regime

In the face of pressing environmental challenges, governments must pledge to achieve sustainability transitions within an accelerated timeline, faster than leaving these transitions to the market mechanisms alone. This had led to an emergent approach within the sustainability transition research (STR): Accelerated policy-driven sustainability transitions (APDST). Literature on APDST asserts its significance in addressing pressing environmental and development challenges as regime actors like policymakers enact change. It also assumes support from other incumbent regime actors like the industries and businesses. In this study, we identify the reasons for which incumbent industry and business actors might support APDST and whether their support can suffice for implementation. We examine the actor strategies by drawing empirical data from the Indian national government policy of mandatory leapfrog in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle emission control norms, known as Bharat Stage 4 to 6. This leapfrogging policy was introduced to speed up the reduction of air pollutants produced by the transport sector. A mixed-methods approach, combining multimodal discourse analysis and netnographic research, was deployed for data collection and analysis. The findings show that unlike the status quo assumption in STR, many incumbent industry and business actors aligned with the direction of the enacted policy due to the political landscape and expected gains. However, the degree of support varied throughout the transition timeline and was influenced by challenges during the transitioning process and the response of the government actors. The case suggests we pay more attention to the actors’ changing capacities and needs and consider internal and external influences in adapting the transition timelines. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the implementation of APDST, by examining the dynamism of actor strategies, and provides an overview of sustainability transitions in emerging economies.

scholarly journals Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
María Polanco ◽  
Israel Díaz ◽  
Ana Susmozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vector Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

scholarly journals Exploring Employment Trend and Relationship With Individual and Family-Related Factors in 65 or Older Koreans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Yeonji Ryou ◽  
Ryou Yeonji
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the trend of the employment status in 65 years or older adults who reside in South Korea and to explore the relationship between the status of employment and individual and family-related factors. This study utilized 10-year and 6-wave secondary data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The original panel sample is a random sample of 10,254 adults who are 45 or older, but for the aim of this study, the participants younger than 65 years were excluded. The number of samples in each wave is different, ranging from 4,013 to 4,335 due to the death of the participant, the rejection of additional interviews, and the refreshment participant collected in Wave 5. The findings indicate that the absolute employment of the people aged 65 or older and the proportion of working people among those have increased over the past decade. In this study, it is also found that there is a close relationship between employment status and individual factors such as gender, educational background, health condition, region, etc. Moreover, the results suggest that there are various facets of the relationship between employment status and family-related factors including whether living with children, the number of the member whom I help with daily activities, the total amount of financial support from/to children/parents/other family or whether participating social activities, etc. The implications of the need for employing the older population and the consideration family-related factors in the policy-making process in Korea are discussed.

Nonrepresentative Representatives: An Experimental Study of the Decision Making of Elected Politicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIOR SHEFFER ◽  
PETER JOHN LOEWEN ◽  
STUART SOROKA ◽  
STEFAAN WALGRAVE ◽  
TAMIR SHEAFER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Body

A considerable body of work in political science is built upon the assumption that politicians are more purposive, strategic decision makers than the citizens who elect them. At the same time, other work suggests that the personality profiles of office seekers and the environment they operate in systematically amplifies certain choice anomalies. These contrasting perspectives persist absent direct evidence on the reasoning characteristics of representatives. We address this gap by administering experimental decision tasks to incumbents in Belgium, Canada, and Israel. We demonstrate that politicians are as or more subject to common choice anomalies when compared to nonpoliticians: they exhibit a stronger tendency to escalate commitment when facing sunk costs, they adhere more to policy choices that are presented as the status-quo, their risk calculus is strongly subject to framing effects, and they exhibit distinct future time discounting preferences. This has obvious implications for our understanding of decision making by elected politicians.

scholarly journals Modelling and Cost Estimation for Conversion of GreenMethanol to Renewable Liquid Transport Fuels via Olefin Oligomerisation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Jenna Ruokonen ◽  
Harri Nieminen ◽  
Ahmed Rufai Dahiru ◽  
Arto Laari ◽  
Tuomas Koiranen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Electrolytic Hydrogen ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement

The ambitious CO2 emission reduction targets for the transport sector set in the Paris Climate Agreement require low-carbon energy solutions that can be commissioned rapidly. The production of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel from renewable methanol using methanol-to-olefins (MTO) and Mobil’s Olefins to Gasoline and Distillate (MOGD) syntheses was investigated in this study via process simulation and economic analysis. The current work presents a process simulation model comprising liquid fuel production and heat integration. According to the economic analysis, the total cost of production was found to be 3409 €/tfuels (273 €/MWhLHV), corresponding to a renewable methanol price of 963 €/t (174 €/MWhLHV). The calculated fuel price is considerably higher than the current cost of fossil fuels and biofuel blending components. The price of renewable methanol, which is largely dictated by the cost of electrolytic hydrogen and renewable electricity, was found to be the most significant factor affecting the profitability of the MTO-MOGD plant. To reduce the price of renewable fuels and make them economically viable, it is recommended that the EU’s sustainable transport policies are enacted to allow flexible and practical solutions to reduce transport-related emissions within the member states.

scholarly journals Urinary incontinence as the socioeconomic problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Krystyna Klimaszewska ◽  
Mariola Bartusek
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Social Discomfort

Abstract Introduction. Urinary incontinence, meaning irrespective of will leakage of urine, is a serious health problem, and has the status of social disease basing on the epidemiological data concerning number of affected populations suffering from it Taking into consideration the chronic character of the disease and increasing social discomfort including social exclusion, the costs of treatment and rehabilitation should be lower so patients could improve the quality of their lives in other aspects. That is why it is important to deeply analyze the costs of urinary incontinence in terms of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation. Aim. Costs analysis related to diagnostics and treatment of urinary incontinence incurred by patient, or co-financed/funded by the National Health Fund on the basis of the literature review. Summary. The few but regularly prepared reports show that there is a clear need for changes in the funding of services provided to patients with health needs. Both the social and economic aspects are important for each patient and should be deeply analysed by public funds decision makers. It would be much easier to take an action if the probability of complete cure was high.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy System in Norway with Focus on Energy Consumption Prediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The Status

Abstract Today, the fossil fuels have dominant share of energy supply in order to respond to the high energy demand in the world. Norway is one of the countries with rich sources of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. The current work is to investigate on the status of energy demand in Norway. First, energy and electricity consumption in various sectors, including industrial, residential are calculated. Then, energy demand in Norway is forecasted by using available tools. After that, the relationship between energy consumption in Norway with Basic economics parameters such as GDP, population and industry growth rate has determined by using linear regression model. Finally, the regression result shows a low correlation between variables.

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