scholarly journals Modernisation of Regional Roads Evaluated Using Ex-Post CBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Petr Halámek ◽  
Radka Matuszková ◽  
Michal Radimský
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this evaluation is to verify the telling value of the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) of regional roads modernisation based on an ex-post evaluation of the investments and their impacts on the incidence of traffic accidents. A set of 144 projects were the subject of evaluation. The analysis of the actual investment costs confirmed the assumption that the majority of projects were planned with a sufficient provision. When compared with the costs foreseen for the entire set of projects, the total reduction of actual costs spent was over 11%. The investigation of project impacts on traffic accidents was based on an analysis done prior to and after construction by using the Czech Police database. The measurement results show only minimum changes in the incidence of traffic accidents in the scenario prior to and after project completion. This however strongly contradicts the project goals declared, because the projects were anticipating almost zero accidents with a fatality and a 50% reduction of accidents with health consequences. However, a slight increase in road fatalities and in light and serious injuries was measured. These facts have a significant impact on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the weighted profitability index for the entire set of projects dropped from 16.7% to −2.8%. The key recommendation is to eliminate the impact on traffic accidents in the case of project evaluations processed ex-ante for projects focused only on a reconstruction or modernisation of existing roads.

scholarly journals (The Impact of Traffic Accidents on Development: A Contemporary Accounting Perspective, Asir governorate as a model - Saudi Arabia (2006-2013: أثر حوادث المرور على التنمية نظرة محاسبية معاصرة محافظة (عسير) نموذجاً المملكة العربية السعودية (2006– 2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin Mohammed Ahmed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The traffic accidents in the high ways and towns are still increasing, their effect on the community development clearly seen. The control of this problem is highly significant. The analysis of the data and the information about the traffic accidents, their direct, indirect, a variables and continues cost represented in curing the injured, paying the Diya, the cost of the medical operations on behalf of the government and the relatives of the injured dealt with through the accounting view. This paper aimed at measuring the effect of traffic accidents in terms of money, to be use for the development of Accer province – South of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The overall cost of the traffic accidents in 2013 is 23 pillions Riyal. The percentage of the injured is 30% per family. The cost account of traffic accidents in Accer province is 1. 6 pillions Riyal. These sums of money could have been use for the development of the province. The paper recommends The direct, indirect, a variables and continues costs of the traffic accidents should give a due consideration The traffic administration should give a due consideration as well, to be minimizing the number of the traffic accidents. There should be decisive practical measures to stop these accidents.

Post Evaluation of Tumor Cells Using Fused Positron Emission Tomography CT Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1877-1879
Author(s):  
A. Allwyn Gnanadas ◽  
S. Sathishbabu ◽  
N. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Suitable Processing

Tumors, abnormally growing cells when identified in our body it is treated with appropriate medication. Anyway the impact of the medication on tumor cells is constantly disregarded. Ordinary tests however appear to be encouraging, the expense and the hazard included is gigantic. Post assessment along these lines should be exceptionally refined to create results fast and accurate. Fused imaging, a combination of PET scan and CT scan with suitable processing is utilized to gauge the volume of the tumor without influencing the subject under investigation.This strategy gives a promising post assessment results on the tumor cell that was under examination. The status of the tumor is also updated at regular intervals with simply imaging the subject at comfort.

scholarly journals The cost disadvantage of steep slope viticulture and strategies for its preservation

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Larissa Strub ◽  
Simone Mueller Loose
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Option Strategies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
The Impact

The falling fallow of steep slope vineyards is caused by cost disadvantages that have not been analysed so far. This study quantified the production costs of different types of steep slopes, identified cost drivers within viticultural processes and assessed the impact of grape yield on the production cost for vertical shoot positioning (VSP) systems. It also examined under what conditions the reshaping of steep slope vineyards into transversal terraces (TTs) is economically viable. Costs were derived from a dataset of 2321 working time records for labour and machine hours from five German wine estates over three years. The costs for standard viticultural processes were compared across five site types with different mechanisation intensities by univariate analysis of variance with fixed and random effects. The net present value (NPV) of reshaping slopes into horizontal terraces was also assessed. Manual management of steep slopes was determined to be 2.6 times more costly than standard flat terrain viticulture. The cost disadvantage of steep slopes mainly stems from viticultural processes with limited mechanisability that require specialised equipment and many repetitions. Current subsidies fall short of covering the economic disadvantage of manual and rope-assisted steep slopes. Climate change-related drought and yield losses further increase the economic unsustainability of steep slopes. Under certain conditions, the transformation of manual steep slope sites into TTs can be a viable economic option. Strategies to reduce the cost disadvantage are outlined. The estimated cost benchmarks provide critical input for steep slope wine growers’ cost-based pricing policy. These benchmarks also give agricultural policy reliable indicators of the subsidies required for preserving steep slope landscapes and of the support needed to transform manual steep slope sites into TTs.

scholarly journals The impact of the French soda tax on prices and purchases. An ex post evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Capacci ◽  
Olivier Allais ◽  
Celine Bonnet ◽  
Mario Mazzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Soda Tax ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals O EFEITO DO CUSTO DA TERRA NA RENTABILIDADE FLORESTAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA SANTA CATARINA

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Berger ◽  
Anadalvo Juazeiro dos Santos ◽  
Romano Timofeiczyk Júnior ◽  
Alexandre Muzy Bittencourt ◽  
Vanderlei Santos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
New Business ◽  
Land Cost ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

ResumoEste trabalho objetivou verificar o impacto do custo da terra na rentabilidade da produção de madeira de Pinus. O setor florestal tem como característica fundamental gerar retornos financeiros em longo prazo, tornando muitas vezes o investimento na atividade um grande entrave a novos negócios. O preço da terra é uma variável que depende do retorno da atividade florestal, tornando necessário conhecer o efeito que o valor desse recurso terá sobre a rentabilidade. Para realizar uma estimativa da rentabilidade na atividade florestal, foram utilizados os critérios econômicos Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e a Taxa de Interna de Retorno (TIR). Os resultados obtidos mostraram ser mais atrativa a não aquisição da terra, com VPL de US$ 5.584,00 e TIR de 18% ao ano. Já quando foi considerada a compra da terra, os resultados econômicos sofreram redução, com VPL de US$ 3.711,00 e TIR de 11% ao ano. A opção de arrendamento apresentou VPL de US$ 3.531,00 e TIR de 13% ao ano. Porém, antes de utilizar esses critérios como tomada de decisão, outros fatores devem ser avaliados, como o impacto da renda da reserva legal, melhor grau de utilização das terras e um manejo florestal adequado, visando aumentar a receita com a obtenção de novos produtos e maior produção das florestas.Palavras-chave: Rentabilidade econômica; preço da terra; manejo florestal; pínus. AbstractThe effect of land cost in the forest profitability: a case study for Santa Catarina. This research aimed to ascertain the impact of land cost land on profitability of Pinus spp. timber production. The forestry sector has as key feature to generate financial returns in the long term, often making the investment activity in a large barrier to new business. The price of land is a variable that depends on the return of forest activity, making it necessary to know the effect that the cost of this resource will have on profitability. In order to estimate return on forest activity, it uses economic criteria, like Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results proved to be more attractive the non-acquisition of land, with NPV of US$ 5.5804,00 and IRR of 18% per year. Considering the investment in land (purchase or lease), the economic results have suffered reduction with NPV of US$ 3.711,00 and IRR of 11% per year. The lease of land presented a NPV of US$ 3.531,00 and IRR of 13% per year. But, before using such criteria as the only decision making, other factors must be evaluated as to obtain the income of the legal reserve, the better level of use of land and a proper forest management, aiming to increase revenue with the acquisition of new products and increased production of forests.Keywords: Economic profitability; land price; forest management; pinus.

scholarly journals The impact of regulatory fines on shareholder returns

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strydom ◽  
M. Ward ◽  
C. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Shareholder Returns ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Event Study Methodology

Corruption has been shown to undermine the efficiency of market-based economies by allowing participants to profit from illegal rent-seeking activities, which decrease public support for business and increase the cost of capital (Zingales, 2015). Over the past decade, the Competition Commission in South Africa has investigated and issued punitive fines amounting to around R8bn to companies engaged in non-competitive behaviour. Using event study methodology, we examine the impact on the share prices of listed companies upon the announcement of an investigation, a fine, and the payment of thefine. We find that shareholder returns were unaffected at the initiation and payment stages of the process, but that the returns were positively affected at the conviction stage. A buy-and-hold longitudinal study was also undertaken to determine if an ex-post portfolio consisting of stocks of convicted companies out-performed an equal-weighted all share benchmark, as well as a portfolio of matched companies which had not been fined. The results reveal that both the portfolio of fined companies and the matched portfolio of non-fined companies out-performed the market benchmark over a 24-year period. However, the portfolio consisting of convicted companies underperformed the portfolio of companies which had not been fined. We conclude that the market anticipated the fines and that the quantum of fines levied was less than expected. We also find that the non-competitive behaviour of convicted companies did not benefit their shareholders in the long-term.

Ex-post evaluation of the R&D tax incentive law in Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 337-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mardones ◽  
Natalia Madrid Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Tax Credits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis study carries out an ex - post evaluation of the Research and Development (R&D) Tax Incentive Law in Chile.Design/methodology/approachA subset of data from the 9th Innovation Survey is chosen, specifically those that were available for the years 2013 and 2014. Then, differences in differences (DID) and matching with differences in differences (MDID) techniques are used to identify the impact of this policy.FindingsThe results obtained allow us to affirm that the use of the R&D Tax Incentive Law had some positive but very low effects on some components of expenditure for innovation. Also, the positive effect of the tax credits on the total expenditure for innovation identified with MDID disappears when only firms that know the R&D Tax Incentive Law are used as a control group.Originality/valueThis work provides new evidence to evaluate innovation policies in Latin America, focusing on tax credits that have been much less studied than subsidy programs. Specifically, it is concluded that there is still a wide margin to improve and reformulate the R&D Tax Incentive Law in Chile.

scholarly journals Public Assessment of Releasing a Captive Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin into the Wild in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jin Kim ◽  
Se-Jun Jin ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

A captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin named “Jedol” was released from a zoo into the wild, in Jeju Island Sea off South Korea, in July 2013 to improve his welfare. Since he was illegally captured off the coast of Juju Island in May 2009, he had been performing in dolphin shows at Seoul Zoo, which is owned and operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The release demanded considerable public expenditure, of which the source was local taxes gathered from the residents of Seoul. This paper seeks to conduct an ex-post evaluation of the release, employing the contingent valuation (CV) technique. A total of 500 households living in Seoul in 2013 participated in the CV survey to report their willingness to pay (WTP) for the release. Fifty-two percent were willing to accept an increase in local taxes over the next five years to carry out the release. The mean household WTP estimate was obtained as KRW 4880 (USD 4.56) per annum. The present values of the total WTP and the cost of the release are KRW 79.82 billion (USD 74.53 million) and KRW 751 million (USD 701,000), respectively, in 2013. Interestingly, the former is much more than the latter. We can conclude that the release was desirable from the point of view of Seoul residents.

Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Evaluation of a New Transit Information App: Modeling Use Intentions and Actual Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (50) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Velazquez ◽  
Sigal Kaplan ◽  
Andres Monzon
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the behavioral drivers underlying the adoption of a multimodal travel information mobile app. The hypothesized framework is validated empirically through the case-study of Madrid. Madrid’s Public Transport real-time information app (“Mi Transporte”) allows users to obtain customized and automated information. A three-wave survey containing questions aligned with the Theory of Planned Behavior was conducted in 2015 and 2016 with a representative sample of transit users. Data analysis includes a factor analysis and a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses. The model assumes that the intention to use the app can be explained as a function of attitudinal factors and respondent characteristics. Results show that the app adoption is correlated with the intention of the users to adopt it and with their willingness-to-pay; the users’ intentions can be explained by various factors like user’s expectations on the app, affinity for technology (technophilia) and the previous use of other transport apps. The roles of search functionalities, side-mode information, time saving skills and the importance of the Level of Service (LOS) are also analyzed in the model. Relations between user characteristics and latent variables are subsequently explained as well as the ex-post satisfaction and change in travel patterns to measure the impact on the transport behavior of the app users. The study provides a better understanding of app adoption based on traveler characteristics, the attributes of the app and the perception of its capabilities.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PERCEPATAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE CRASH PROGRAM (Studi Kasus : Program Kerja Masa Pengeringan Proyek Rehabilitasi Saluran Induk Klambu Kiri Tahun 2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Eko Marsudi Utomo ◽  
Mochamad Agung Wibowo ◽  
Sriyana Sriyana
Keyword(s):  
Flow Section ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
Section Structure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predetermined Time

Based on the initial plan from the contract of the Rehabilitation Klambu Kiri’s Project, main channel's work was carried out continously by an open and closed system using the kistdam method. However by the time of execution work, the stakeholders wanted the work in the main channel to be carried out based on cropping pattern, where there a drying period and a drainage period. In this case, flow area and bottom structure of the channel can only be worked during the drying period lasting three months. To be able to determine the impact of these change, a duration calculation is carried out from project's data which are internal's BQ, initial plan's resources, and the relations between activities using Microsoft Project on the flow section structure which be worked in drying period of 2017. The normal duration obtained from analysis is 203 days. It was exceeded time of drying period and possibly could have an impact on the overall project completion schedule resulting in delays, defaults and even termination of contracts. Therefore, it is necessary to have an accelerate strategy of the work on the flow section structure to be completed within a predetermined time. In this study, the acceleration strategy was carried out using crashing analysis in the critical activities from normal duration using Microsoft Project. The crashing method was carried out in stages from the crashing simulation of 30 days, 60 days, to 120 days so that obtained the duration of acceleration was 83 days. The cost component of acceleration is calculated by choosing the lowest cost from the alternatives of increasing work hours (overtime) or by adding resources. From the simulation results, the crash cost to complete the acceleration work is Rp. 1.298.307.591,- or about 2,05% of direct cost, so the efficiency is Rp. 9.692.409,- from normal duration

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