scholarly journals Public Assessment of Releasing a Captive Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin into the Wild in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jin Kim ◽  
Se-Jun Jin ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

A captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin named “Jedol” was released from a zoo into the wild, in Jeju Island Sea off South Korea, in July 2013 to improve his welfare. Since he was illegally captured off the coast of Juju Island in May 2009, he had been performing in dolphin shows at Seoul Zoo, which is owned and operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The release demanded considerable public expenditure, of which the source was local taxes gathered from the residents of Seoul. This paper seeks to conduct an ex-post evaluation of the release, employing the contingent valuation (CV) technique. A total of 500 households living in Seoul in 2013 participated in the CV survey to report their willingness to pay (WTP) for the release. Fifty-two percent were willing to accept an increase in local taxes over the next five years to carry out the release. The mean household WTP estimate was obtained as KRW 4880 (USD 4.56) per annum. The present values of the total WTP and the cost of the release are KRW 79.82 billion (USD 74.53 million) and KRW 751 million (USD 701,000), respectively, in 2013. Interestingly, the former is much more than the latter. We can conclude that the release was desirable from the point of view of Seoul residents.

Visual and Acoustic Display in Uca Mordax and U. Burgersi, Sibling Species of Neotropical Fiddler Crabs. I. Waving Display

Behaviour ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich-Otto Von Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Waving Display ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Major Cheliped ◽  
Evolutionary Point ◽  
Analysis Of Motion

AbstractThe fiddler crabs Uca mordax and U. burgersi, living sympatrically from Guatemala to southern Brazil, were until recently discussed as belonging to only one species, because their similarities refer not only to morphology but also to their waving displays, which were called "indistinguishable". A frame-by-frame analysis of motion pictures taken in Trinidad (W.I.) confirmed the presence of many similarities in respect to the special "jerking" type of waving display, the mean duration of routine waves, the effect of increasing excitation, the pattern of leg-waving and the presence of a "precursory" downstroke" of the major cheliped. However, a closer analysis of certain components or elements of the display yielded various interspecific differences. In burgersi there is the tendency to omit the precursory downstroke and to extend all motion components at the cost of all kinds of pauses, while in mordax the contrary is true. Furthermore, the movements of the minor cheliped show a different pattern in the two species. The differences found are discussed in respect to differences in the allometry of the major cheliped and from an evolutionary point of view. It is concluded that the waving display of mordax represents the more ancestral type. The role of the waving display as a possible means of reproductive isolation will be discussed in part II of this study dealing with the acoustic display.

scholarly journals Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Dependence in Livestock Production Systems: A Social and Economic Sciences Perspective on an Interdisciplinary Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Baudoin ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Erwin Wauters
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Assessment

Objective: In livestock production, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered an externality as it is the undesired result of preventive and curative antimicrobial use. To address this biosocial issue, our objective is to present an approach based on interdisciplinary research to develop strategies and policies that aim to contain AMR.Method: To do so, we addressed three fundamental questions on which control policies and strategies for agricultural pollution problems are centered in the light of AMR. To ensure the technical, economic, behavioral and political feasibility of the developed measures, we demonstrated the usefulness of systemic approaches to define who, what and how to target by considering the complexity in which the ultimate decision-maker is embedded. We then define how voluntary or compulsory behavioral change can be achieved via five routes, introducing a clear taxonomy for AMR Interventions. Finally, we present three criteria for ex-ante analysis and ex-post evaluation of policies and strategies.Conclusion: Interdisciplinary systemic approaches enable the development of AMR policies and strategies that are technically, politically, economically and, last but not least, behaviorally feasible by allowing the identification of (a) all actors influencing AMU in livestock production, (b) power relations between these actors, (c) adequate regulatory and intervention bases, (d) what behavioral change strategy to use, (e) whom should implement this, as well as the cost-effective assessment of combinations of interventions. Unfortunately, AMR policies and strategies are often investigated within different disciplines and not in a holistic and systemic way, which is why we advocate for more interdisciplinary work and discuss opportunities for further research.

scholarly journals Exposure and Dialogue Programs in the Training of Development Analysts and Practitioners

2014 ◽  
pp. 696-713
Author(s):  
Ravi Kanbur
Keyword(s):  
Design Principles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
General Design ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Development Professionals

It is inherent in the nature of the beast that there will be a progressive disconnect between the working lives of development professionals and the lives of those their work is meant to help. This is bad purely from a technical point of view. But it is a gross moral disconnect, too. Exposure and Dialogue Programs (EDPs), or Immersions as they are also known, are a way of addressing this disconnect between development professionals and development reality. They involve exposure to the realities of the lives of the poor through staying with them and experiencing their lives for a period of time, however short. Some general design principles have emerged from experience. Clarity of objectives, prior preparation and facilitation, and ex post evaluation are all important. Immersions must be done well. The point, however, is that they must be done.

scholarly journals Preventive Maintain of Ventilators and its Cost Consideration

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dr. Ravinder Ahlawat ◽  
Dr. Amit Lathwal ◽  
Dr. Kanika Jain ◽  
Dr. Sidhartha Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Core Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Background Maintenance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

Background: Maintenance is the core function of biomedical engineering and is essential for the optimum functioning of equipment. This study was undertaken to understand the current maintenance practices of ventilator and its cost implications from administrative point of view. Methodology: 179 Ventilators supplied and installed by one vendor in different wards of the hospital were studied. It was a retrospective, descriptive study. Equipment related data was taken from various service reports. This data was used to calculate spares failure and their costs implication. Results: A total of 692 maintenance visits were undertaken for 179 ventilators of 5 different modals over 27 months by 6 Bio- Medical Engineers (BME). The mean number of spare changed throughout the study was 2.73. The uptime was within satisfactory limits. The yearly repair to cost ratio was 3.50 %. The cost of spare changed was a factor of modal under consideration and the status of equipment concerning its coverage under maintenance contact. Conclusion: The findings of the study should enable researchers in the future to formulate an effective equipment maintenance policy for the hospital.

scholarly journals Modernisation of Regional Roads Evaluated Using Ex-Post CBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Petr Halámek ◽  
Radka Matuszková ◽  
Michal Radimský
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this evaluation is to verify the telling value of the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) of regional roads modernisation based on an ex-post evaluation of the investments and their impacts on the incidence of traffic accidents. A set of 144 projects were the subject of evaluation. The analysis of the actual investment costs confirmed the assumption that the majority of projects were planned with a sufficient provision. When compared with the costs foreseen for the entire set of projects, the total reduction of actual costs spent was over 11%. The investigation of project impacts on traffic accidents was based on an analysis done prior to and after construction by using the Czech Police database. The measurement results show only minimum changes in the incidence of traffic accidents in the scenario prior to and after project completion. This however strongly contradicts the project goals declared, because the projects were anticipating almost zero accidents with a fatality and a 50% reduction of accidents with health consequences. However, a slight increase in road fatalities and in light and serious injuries was measured. These facts have a significant impact on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the weighted profitability index for the entire set of projects dropped from 16.7% to −2.8%. The key recommendation is to eliminate the impact on traffic accidents in the case of project evaluations processed ex-ante for projects focused only on a reconstruction or modernisation of existing roads.

Evaluation Of The Functional Of Space-Planning Arrangement Of A Building

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Cost

The article focuses on the problem of the lack of objective evaluation of space-planning arrangement of buildings as a creative approach of the architect to the performing of functional tasks by the object. It is proposed to create a methodology for assessing the functional of space-planning solutions of buildings on the basis of numerical simulation of functional processes using the theory of human flows. There is a description of the prospects of using this method, which makes it possible to increase the coefficient of compactness, materials and works saving, more efficient use of space, reduce the cost of the life cycle of the building, save human forces and time to implement the functional of the building. The necessary initial data for modeling on the example of shopping and shopping-entertainment centers are considered. There are three main tasks for algorithmization of the functional of shopping centers. The conclusion is made about necessity of development of a method for objective assessment of buildings from the point of view of ergonomics of space-planning decisions based on the study of human behavior in buildings of different purposes.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

Der Sommer und Herbst 2003 aus phänologischer Sicht | Summer and autumn 2003 from a phenological point of view

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

The record-breaking heatwave of 2003 also had an impact on the vegetation in Switzerland. To examine its influences seven phenological late spring and summer phases were evaluated together with six phases in the autumn from a selection of stations. 30% of the 122 chosen phenological time series in late spring and summer phases set a new record (earliest arrival). The proportion of very early arrivals is very high and the mean deviation from the norm is between 10 and 20 days. The situation was less extreme in autumn, where 20% of the 103 time series chosen set a new record. The majority of the phenological arrivals were found in the class «normal» but the class«very early» is still well represented. The mean precocity lies between five and twenty days. As far as the leaf shedding of the beech is concerned, there was even a slight delay of around six days. The evaluation serves to show that the heatwave of 2003 strongly influenced the phenological events of summer and spring.

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